• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2004

The characteristics of $H_2$ production from livestock wastewater were investigated through an anaerobic acid forming process using Clostridium beijerinckii and the photosynthetic process using Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The submerged separation membrane was installed in the acid forming reactor, The photosynthetic process is composed of two reactors(photosynthetic reactor 1 and photosynthetic reactor 2) which is connected continually. The removal rate of COD and the production of volatile fatty acid(VFA) in the acid forming process were approximately 50% and 1000mg/L, respectively. The 70% of COD in the effluent of acid forming process was removed through the photosynthetic process. The production of $H_2$ in the photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 50 and $25mLH_2/gVFA_{COD}$, respectively. The values of Y in acid forming reactor, photosynthetic reactor 1 and 2 was 0.2263, 0.0601 and 0.0393, respectively. The acetic acid and butyric acid produced in acid forming process were converted to $H_2$ by photosynthetic bacteria.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2006

오염된 양식 해수의 수질정화능력이 뛰어난 광합성세균의 고순도 대량배양을 위한 실험을 실험실 단위 및 파이롯트 단위에서 수행했다. Gas pack 반응기, flask 반응기 및 N-source로서 질소 가스를 사용한 실험 결과, 광합성세균은 현미경상 약 90%이상의 순도를 나타내었고, CFU 측정 결과에서도 붉은색을 띄는 광합성세균 colony만을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 배지의 교차에 의한 배양실험에서 기초배지를 이용한 배양이 광합성세균의 성장에 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 배양조건하에서의 5L bioreactor 배양에서 비증식속도가 $0.18h^{-1}$로 나타났고, 실험실 단위의 결과를 이용한 pilot 단위에서의 배양결과, 실험실 단위의 비증식속도와 동일한 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.643-648
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• 2002

For wastewater treatment and utilization of the biomass, a photosynthetic bacterium was isolated based on its cell growth rate, cell mass, and assimilating ability of organic acids. The isolate was a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that contained a single polar flagellum and formed a lamellar intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) system, including bacteriochlorophyll $\alpha$. The major isoprenoid quinone component was identified as ubiquinone Q-10, and the fatty acid composition was characterized as to contain relatively large amount of C-16:0 (18.74%) and C-18:1 (59.23%). Based on its morphology, phototrophic properties, quinone component, and fatty acid composition, the isolate appeared to be closely related to the Rhodopseudomonas subgroup of purple nonsulfur bacteria. A phylogenetic analysis of the isolate using its 16S rRNA gene sequence data also supported the phenotypic findings, and classified the isolate closely related to Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Accordingly, the nomenclature of the isolate was proposed as Rhodopseudomonas palustris KUGB306. A bench-scale photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) reactor using the isolate was designed and operated for the treatment of soybean curd wastewater.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2005

Most of sewage treatment plants in Korea is operated for the removal of organic material. Because of low C/N ratio of domestic wastewater it is very difficult to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Therefore C/N ratio is key factor for the removed of nitrogen and phosphorus. PSB(photosynthetic bacteria) can remove the nutrient materials, so this study is focused on PSB characterization of nutrient removal. PSB is possible to remove nitrogen, phosphorus in anaerobic and aerobic condition. This study try to find out condition of the PSB in SBR reactor, Batch reactor. It consists of three Mode. Mode 1, 2 is to apply activated sludge process and Mode 3 is that seeded PSB in the activated sludge process. As a result of SBR process, Mode 1, 2 which was activated sludge Process showed $79\~90\%,\;66\~90\%$ of SCODcr, $94.67\~95.89\%,\;95.76\~98.56\%$ of TKN, and Mode 3 has $84\~92\%$ of SCODcr, $95.39\~99.52\%$ of TKN removal efficiency, respectively. When comparison with Mode 1, 2 and 3, most of nitrogen and phosphorus is removed at the anaerobic condition in Mode 3. but Mode 1, 2 has just revealed activated sludge process characterization. It would because of characterization of PSB.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 1994

광합성세균을 이용한 농축산가의 소규모 가축 폐수처리공정 개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 고농도에서 유기산의 자화율이 높은 Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14를 사용하여 돈분폐수처리공정의 최적화를 flask-scale 및 laboratory-scale에서 실시하였다. 반연속식으로 실시한 flask-scale에서 광합성세균 반응조는 HRT 6일, 광합성세균오니량 5%(v/v), 반송오니량 10%(v/v)로 했을 때 안정된 83%의 COD 제거율 및 적절한 $4{\sim}5\;g/l$의 MLSS가 유지되었다. 산생성 반응조와 광합성세균 반응조의 working volume을 각각 5.2 l와 15 l로 scale-up한 실험실적 실험에서는 원폐수 대비 COD와 BOD의 제거율이 각각 95%와 96%를 나타냈으며 광합성세균 반응조의 COD 용적부하율 및 오니부하율은 각각 $3kg\;COD/m^3/day$와 1.1kg COD/kg MLSS/day를 유지함으로써 적당한 MLSS농도가 유지되었고 부가적으로 폐수처리가 진행되면서 악취가 제거되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 1994

광합성세균에 의한 고농도 유기폐수 처리공정의 개발을 목적으로 폐수처리용 균주를 분리 동정하고 최근 고농도 유기폐수처리에 도입되고 있는 혐기성 소화와 광합성세균 반응조로 구성된 two-stage system에 적용시켜 각 단계별 폐수처리 최적화를 위한 조건들을 flask-scale에서 검토하였다. 부영양화된 토양, 연못, 논, 활성오니 등으로부터 1차적으로 활성이 높고 유기산 자화율이 우수한 균주를 분리하고 이중 가장 우수한 균주인 KK14를 선별하고 동정한 결과 Rhodopseudomonas palustris로 판명되었다. 광합성세균을 이용한 폐수처리공정의 첫단계인 산생성 단계에서는 혐기정치배양이 유기산 생성에 적합하였고 pH 5.0, HRT 2일로 운전시약 80%의 유기산 증가율을 보였다. 생성된 유기산이 광합성세균에 의해 자화되는 둘째 단계에서는 광합성세균 반응조의 조건을 pH 7.0, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, 조도 4,000 lux로 했을 때 균의 생육도 및 유기산 자화율이 가장 우수했으며 초기 COD부하(kg COD/kg 광합성세균 건조중량)는 2 전후에서 가장 높은 COD제거율(92%/5일)을 나타내었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.306-312
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• 2006

음식물쓰레기의 효과적인 처리를 위해 발효소멸기를 제작하고 유기물 분해능이 우수한 균주들을 접종하여 음식물쓰레기의 감량과 악취제거능을 조사하였다. 먼저 Bacillus subtilis (cellulase 생성), Bacillus cereus (amylase 생성), Sphingobacterium faecium (protease 생성)를 분리하여 효소의 활성을 조사한 결과 각각 최대 153, 219, 412 unit/ml의 우수한 활성을 나타냈다. 미생물에 의한 음식물쓰레기의 처리효과를 확인하기 위해 먼저 간헐적 통기시의 감량효율을 검토한 결과 15일 후 접종시료가 약 11%, 비접종시료가 3.4%의 분해율을 나타내었다. 간헐전 통기시 pH가 급격히 낮아지면서 처리효율이 낮아지는 문제를 해결하기 위해 지속적으로 통기시키면서 음식물 쓰레기 처리 효율을 측정한 결과 간헐적 통기에서의 처리 효율에 비해 약 10% 정도 분해율이 증가했고, 교반기 내부의 pH가 5$\sim$7 수준에서 유지되었다. 음식물 쓰레기 처리에 가장 적합한 조건을 찾기 위해 pH와 온도를 조절하면서 분해효율을 조사한 결과 pH 7, $30^{\circ}C$에서 15일 후 가장 우수한 35%의 분해효율을 나타냈다. 한편 음식물 쓰레기가 분해되면서 발생하는 악취를 저감시키기 위해 biofilter를 제작, 장착함으로써 제어하고자 하였다. 황 화합물을 산화시키는 홍색비유황세균을 함유한 biofilter를 장착함으로써 5$\sim$6배 정도로 복합악취를 저감시킬 수 있었으며, 악취 원인물질 중 중요한 황 화합물인 methylmercaptan은 213 ${\mu}g/L$에서 158.6 ${\mu}g/L$으로, hydrogen sulfide 또한 2473.8 ${\mu}g/L$에서 1262 ${\mu}g/L$로 크게 감소하였다. 이 연구 결과는 음식물쓰레기의 효율적인 처리 및 악취제거에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 음식물쓰레기 처리에 이용할 수 있는 미생물자원의 확보 측면에서도 큰 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.243-255
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• 1993

In this study, it was observed that hydrogen Productivity varied with stirrer speed, bead radius, input glucose concentration and dilution rate in a continuous stirred tank reactor in which immobilized R. rubrum KS-301 was used as a hydrogen-producing bacterium The mass transfer resistance due to cell immobilization was also studied. In order to estimate an effectiveness factor, Des of glucose was first obtained, which was subsequently represented by the correlation equation between Dos and Xb, As a result external mass transfer resistance could be neglected for stirrer speeds greater than 400rpn With bead radius increasing, the hydrogen productivity and internal effectiveness factor decreased. With input 91ucose concentration increasing, the hydrogen productivity and interval and external effectiveness factor increased. Although an Internal effectiveness factor was not affected, hydrogen productivity Increased with dilution rate increasing. An overall effectiveness factor remained nearly constant for the dilution rates investigate4 but increased with input 91ucose concentration increasing.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2004

Purple non-sulfur bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 grew to reach the maximum cell concentration in 45 hrs of incubation in the synthetic media containing (NH4)2SO4, L-aspartic acid and succinic acid as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at 30oC under 8 klux irradiance using halogen lamp. The strain produced hydrogen from the middle of the logarithmic growth phase and continued until the cell growth leveled out. The strain grew and produced hydrogen under the irradiance of 3-30 klux, but cell growth was inhibited over 100 klux. In addition, anaerobic/light culture condition was better than the aerobic/dark on the hydrogen production. Among various photo-bioreactors examined, the flat-vertical reactor manufactured using clear acrylic plastic material showed the best hydrogen production rate at the given culture condition.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2022

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) attract considerable interest as useful microorganisms; nevertheless, a generalized culture technique has not been previously reported owing to difficulty in their cultivation. Therefore, a simple culture technique suitable for public use was investigated. Among the PSB tested, the strain Rhodobacter azotoformans EBN-7 was the most suitable for scale-up production because it showed the highest specific growth rate (0.20 h^-1) on basal medium. In scale-up cultivation (500 L), R. azotoformans EBN-7 showed 4.50 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units mL^-1 (number of viable cells), dry cell weight of 26.8 g/L, and a specific growth rate of 0.15 h^-1. Cultivation using this final culture broth (as seed culture) in a 15 L simple reactor was successful, with maintenance of cell activity evident. For use as seed culture, the maximum allowable preservation period of R. azotoformans EBN-7 at 4℃ was 3 months. When R. azotoformans EBN-7 cultivated in a simple technique was applied to shrimp aquaculture water, NH₄⁺-N was reduced from 0.61 mg/L to 0.24 mg/L (by 60.7%) in 4 days in comparison with the control. Thus, this simple culture technique using R. azotoformans EBN-7 has the potential for a good removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N, making seed culture easier and suitable for public use.