• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the phosphorus requirement of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Three replicate groups of fish initially averaging 4.2g were fed the semipurified experimental diets containing graded levels of $NaH_2PO_4\;\cdot\;2H_2O$ to provide from $0.1\%$ to $1.32\%$ total phosphorus level in a flow-through seawater system. Korean rockfish muscle and casein were used as the protein sources of the basal diet. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention of fish fed the $0.35\%$ phosphorus were higher than those of fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus, although no significant improvements $(P>0.01)$ were observed above the level. Determined phosphorus requirement using the broken line model was found to be $0.3\%$ for weight gain. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of whole body and muscle were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels $(P>0.01)$. Lipid contents of liver in fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus were lower than those in fish fed the $0.35\%$ and $1.32\%$ phosphorus $(P<0.01)$. Dietary phosphorus increased ash and phosphorus contents of the whole body, while those of bone were not affected $(P>0.01)$. The data obtained in this study indicate that a $0.3\%$ dietaryphosphorus level could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient nutrient utilization of juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2008

The need for refining dietary nutrient levels and limited information regarding Holstein steer and phosphorus supplementation led to the objective of examining the response of removing supplemental dietary phosphorus from a corn-based finishing diet offered to yearling Holstein steers. Two groups of yearling Holstein steers were utilized to study responses of increasing dietary phosphorus level during the finishing period. In Exp. 1, 96 Holstein steers (419 kg) were blocked into four weight groups. Dietary treatments included no additional phosphorus (NDC) or the inclusion of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) to achieve 0.30% phosphorus (P) in the complete diet. Daily gain, DMI and carcass traits were not different (p>0.05). Overall gain efficiency was slightly lower for NDC (p<0.05). Exp. 2 consisted of 78 Holstein steers (491 kg) blocked into two weight groups. Steers were harvested on d 84 and 112 d on test with carcass data collected following a 48-h chill. No differences (p>0.05) were detected for DMI, ADG, or gain efficiency. No differences (p>0.05) were detected in carcass characteristics in this experiment. Percent bone ash, calcium, P, and bending moment also did not differ among treatments (p>0.05). Removing supplemental phosphorus in the feedlot diet did not produce adverse effects on steer performance, carcass, or rib bone characteristics for yearling Holstein steers.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 1993

인산(燐酸)을 고농도(高濃度)로 공급하였을 때, 양분의 흡수(吸收) 특히 Zn과 Cu의 흡수를 알기 위하여 온실에서 수경재배(水耕栽培)로 시험을 수행하였다. 공급 인산 수준은 0, 0.2, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0mM의 5수준(水準)이었으며, 개량뽕(Morus alva L.)을 공시품종으로 2.5개월을 재배한 후, 식물체를 수확(收穫)하여 분석(分析)하였다. 건물중(乾物重)은 2.0mM 인산수준까지 계속 증가(增加)한 후 감소(減少)하였다. 잎의 수분함량(水分含量), total-N, P, K, Fe 등은 인산 공급수준과 비례(比例)하여 증가하였다. Total-Zn 함량은 인산수준에 따라 큰 차를 보이지 않았으나, 수용성(水溶性) Zn은 증가하는 반면 Cu는 감소하였다. 인산수준(燐酸水準)의 증가에 따라 $SO_4$와 Cl는 감소하다가 인산 2.0mM 이상에서 현저히 증가하였다. 인산 축적(蓄積) 뽕밭에서의 뽕잎 감소는 Cu의 흡수 저하와 $SO_4$와 Cl의 현저할 흡수(吸收) 증가에서 오는 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2001

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementing phosphorus to Korean cow manure on the growth and cast production of earthworm(Eisenia Foetida), and to estimate the optimal phosphorus level for the growth and cast production of earthworm and ratios of available phosphorus and calcium content of cast in optimal phosphorus levels. Phosphorus supplementing ratios to Korean native cow were 0, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8A%, respectively. The volume of raising box was 3375cm$^3$(15$\times$15$\times$15cm), and 500g of cow manure filled up to 10cm layer. Raising density was 90㎤ per worm during the experimental period(60 days). The maximum fresh weight and cast production of earthworm were obtained at 2~4% and 1% levels of phosphorus supplementation to Korea native cow manure. The total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents of earthworm tissues were not significant among in all treatments. There was a positive significantly differences between total phosphorus and available phosphorus of cast and residual matters. Available phosphorus content of cast were ranged from 9.3mg/g to 17.3mg/g at 1~4% levels of phosphorus supplementation. Ratios of available phosphorus and calcium contents of cast were 1.94~3.15:1 and 0.87~1.33:1 at 2~4% and 0~1% levels of phosphorus supplementation.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 1997

사료 단백질원으로써 대두박의 이용성을 조사하기 위하여 무지개송어를 120일간 사육하면서 대두박 사료에 포함된 인(P)의 생물학적 이용성을 평가하였다. 실험 사료로는 단백질원으로 어분을 64.5% 사용한 대조구(사료 1번) 및 상품 탈지 대두박을 10-70%까지 등간격으로 늘린 사료 (사료 2-7번)를 제조하여 사용하였으며, 실험사료의 인 함량은 대조구는 2.13%였으나, 대두박 함량이 많아지면서 인의 양은 감소하여 58% 및 70% 실험구는 각각 대조구의 66% 및 46% 수준이었다. 사육후 60 일과 120 일째에 인의 소화율을 측정하였더니, 대두박 함량 56% 및 46% 실험구에서 각각 53.7% 및 50.3% 로 가장 높았으며, 그 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 분 중의 인 함유량은 대조구가 7.6-7.7% 수준이었으며, 대두박 함량이 증가할수록 그 비율은 줄어 대두박 함량 70% 실험구에서는 대조구의 50% 수준까지 줄었다. 한편, 섭이후 1 일 (24시간) 동안 인의 배설은 암모니아의 경우와는 달리 전반 12 시간이 후반보다 더 많았고, 총 배설량은 대조구가 19.68 mg.kg 상(-1) body wt..day 상(-1)로 가장 많았으며, 대두박 함량이 증가할수록 감소하여 58% 및 70% 실험구에서는 각각 대조구의 63.4% 및 56.1% 수준이었다. 그리고 전어체의 인 함량은 성장함에 따라 감소하였고, 특히 120 일째의 70% 대두박 첨가구에서는 전어체 및 간장 중 함량이 유의적으로 낮았지만, 다른 실험구에서는 대두박 함량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2012

Phosphorus removal during discharge of wastewater is required to achieve in a very high level because eutrophication occurs even at a very low phosphorus concentration. However, there are limitations in the traditional technologies in the removal of phosphorus at very low concentration, such as at a level lower than 0.1 mg/L. Through a series of experiments, a possible technology which can remove phosphate to a very low level in the final effluent of wastewater was suggested. At first Al, Zn, Ca, Fe, and Mg were exposed to phosphate solution by impregnating them on the surface of activated alumina to select the material which has the highest affinity to phosphate. Kinetic tests and isotherm tests on phosphate solution have been performed on four media, which are Ca-impregnated activated alumina, activated alumina, Ca-impregnated loess ball, and loess ball. Results showed that Ca-impregnated activated alumina has the highest capacity to adsorb phosphate in water. Scanning electron microscope image analysis showed that activated alumina has high void volume, which provides a large surface area for phosphate to be adsorbed. Through a continuous column test of the Ca-impregnated activated alumina it was discovered that about 4,000 bed volumes of wastewater with about 0.2 mg/L of phosphate can be treated down to lower than 0.14 mg/L of concentration.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Phosphorus is an essential element for growth and metabolism in fish. However high levels of phosphorus in the feed can lead to poor water quality of pond, and can also be a potential source of pollution, when pond water is released to the environment. In this study phosphorus supplemented diets containing 0.0, 0.9 or 1.9% of (dicalcium) phosphate were offered to channel catfish and changes in water quality of ponds and phosphorus levels in fish were measured. Higher level of (1.9%) supplementation of phosphorus in diet resulted in higher concentration of T-P and SRP in pond waters. Also it produced negative effects on fish production by lowering feed coefficient and rate of increment in body weight. Surplus phosphorus can affect fish growth and water quality of pond.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

Paraquat (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyrrimidinium-dichlorides (PQ): MW 186.6) has been used to killing verierty of hubside plants. For this study were use Sprague-dawely rats (190$\pm$10 gm) and injection 40 mg/kg BW of paraquat (LD$_{50}$) to 24 hrs PQ and 4 days PQ group excepte normal control. For the measurement of blood calcium Ino-phosphorus and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by HITTACH 746. In serum phosphoruse of normal control were 8.0$\pm$1.2 mg/dl and 24 hrs PQ group were 8.9$\pm$1.0 mg/dl (P<0.05) and 4 days PQ group were 8.8$\pm$0.42 gmm/dl (P<0.05). In serum phosphorus were very sensitive uptaked to 10% within only 24 hours, but 4 days of PQ were similar uptake level than 24 hrs PQ. So this 8.9 mg/dl of sem phosphorus may be thought threshold level becouse does not more encrease. In blood calcium normal of rats were measured 9.51$\pm$0.3 mg/dl and 24 hrs of PQ group were 9.9$\pm$0.51 mg/dl (uptaked 4.5%, p>0.05). This uptake cannot fined meaning mathmatic statistics but 4 days PQ groups of calcium were 10.43$\pm$0.37 gm/dl (uptaked 10%, p<0.05). That 24 hrs PQ groups of caclium dose not reacted sensitive to irritated by PQ. So, when use oxidants of PQ, the blood calcium and Ino-phosphorus were linear correlated uptake that reasone thought may be move out form hardness bone tissue to in blood it does not take feeding to hunger for 4 days. In ALP normal of rats were measured 991$\pm$106 unit/L. In 24 hrs irritated PQ rats were fall down by 629$\pm$91 unit/L (P<0.001) but in 4 days of PQ rats were 792$\pm$85 unit/L (P<0.0011) that the activity of level were mild recovered activity from 629 unit (63%) to 792 unit (80%). So, that the reasone of ALP were very sensitive activity and reverse correlated to blood calcium or phosphorus irritated by PQ.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.134-136
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• 1994

The effects of soil phosphorus level on seed emergence, seedling mortality, plant and root development of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) were evaluated in a newly planted commercial ginseng garden. Phosphorus levels were increased from 58 ppm to 100, 150 and 200 ppm with triplephosphate (0-45-0). Higher phosphate levels increased, seed emergence and reduced seedling mortality. Root length, diameter, fresh root weight and total leaflet length were not affected by phosphate levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1031-1038
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of magnesium supplement levels and periods on calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats given low protein and magnesium deficient diets for 2 weeks. Serum calcium content was significantly lower in the magnesium supplement group than in the magnesium-deficient group, but calcium excretion in urine and feces was significantly increased as magnesium level and period was increased. Increasing the dietary magnesium level and periods raised serum content and excretion of magnesium in urine k feces. Urinary excretion of phosphorus in two week group was significantly lower in the magnesium supplement group than in the magnesium-deficient group. fecal phosphorus excretion in supplement group (Mg 800mg/kg diet) was significantly higher than that of other group. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1031-1038, 1998)