• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.841-846
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• 2006

$Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphors were synthesized via solid-state reactions. $Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphor particles of various sizes were obtained by varying the firing temperature and firing time. The photoluminescence properties of these $Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphors were examined. In addition, the cathodoluminescence properties of the $Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphors were examined for applied voltages of 3-8 kV. The relationship between the luminescence intensity and particle size of the$Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphors was investigated. The photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of the $Y_2O_2S$:Eu phosphors are affected differently by variations in particle size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Recently an optical diffusion of LED lamps has been studied actively. In this paper, the second lens applied to a cover of the LED lamp was analytically designed to having a wide angle distribution of light without diffuser characteristic by dispersing agent. In this process, We found a major factors that can help improve the performance of the lens. It is the refractive power of the lens, the Mie particle density of phosphor, and the arrangement of the LED. Through the final simulation, we can see the LED lamp is possible to get wide angle light distribution by proper source modeling and second lens designing. Also, we can see this simulated results are entirely consistent with measured data for light distribution. In this research, we present the shape of the second lens with wide angle distribution and derive the important factors for the second lens design.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.203-206
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• 2003

$Y_2O_2S:Eu$ phosphors with fine particle have been synthesized by citric acid-gel method. In this method, $Na_2S_2O_3$ was added to $Y_2O_3S:Eu$ precursor, then the mixture was fired at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 3h in $S_2$ atmosphere. When the $Y_2O_3S:Eu$ precursor was pre-annealed at $400{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ before the firing of the mixture, the fine particles with a diameter of around 1 ${\mu}m$ were obtained after the firing. The phosphor pre-annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ showed a luminance and CIE color coordinates of 2350 $cd/m^2$ and (0.61, 0.37), respectively, at under excitation of 3 kV and $60{\mu}A/cm^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.401-404
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• 2008

Willemite ($Zn_2SiO_4$) are a wide range of applications such as a phosphor host and an important crystalline phase in glass ceramics, electrical insulators, glazes, and pigments. In this study, Willemite precursors were synthesized with zinc silicate gels from mixture of zinc nitrate solution and various sodium silicate solution by the geopolymer technique. To examine the crystallization behavior, precursors were have been monitored by the XRD. A pure willemite phase was obtained at $900^{\circ}C$. TEM investigations revealed that the sample with 50 nm particle size was obtained via heat-treated at $900^{\circ}C$ for W-3.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.253-257
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• 2008

To enhance the luminescence properties, the red phosphor composed of $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ as doping concentration of Zn ion is synthesized at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs in air atmosphere by conventional solid reaction method. As a result of the red phosphor $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ is measured X-ray diffraction (XRD), The main peak is nearly corresponded to the same as JCPDS card (No. 41-1105). When the doping concentration of Zn ion is more than 5 mol%, However, the ZnO peak is showed by XRD analysis. Therefore, when the doping concentration of Zn ion is less than 5 mol%, the Zn ion is well mixed in $Y_2O_3$ structure without the impurity phases. The photoluminescence (PL) properties is shown as this phosphor is excited in 254 nm region and the highest emission spectra of $(Y,\;Zn)_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}$ has shown in 612 nm region because of a typical energy transition ($^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$) of $Eu^{3+}$ ion. As the doping concentration of Zn ion is more than 10 mol%, the emission peak is suddenly decreased. when the highest emission peak as doping concentration of Zn ion is shown, the composition of this phosphor is $(Y_{0.95},\;Zn_{0.05})_2O_3$:$Eu^{3+}_{0.075}$ and the particle size analyzed by FE-SEM is confirmed from 0.4 to $3{\mu}m$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.616-620
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• 1998

Zn_{0.994}Mn_{0.006}Ga_2O_4$ green phosphor powders were synthesized using polymerized complex and solution combustion methods, and their powder and luminescence properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, PL, etc. The properties were compared with those of the powders prepared by a solid state reaction method. The powders prepared by polymerized complex and solution combustion methods showed only a single spinel phase at 50$0^{\circ}C$ and 40$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Their particle sizes were smaller than that of a solid state reaction method. Emission intensity of the phosphor powders prepared by both methods were highest at 90$0^{\circ}C$ and 40$0^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.253-257
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• 2016

We added 0 ~ 5 wt% $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ nano powders in a scattering layer of a working electrode to improve the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). FESEM and XRD were used to characterize the microstructure and phase. PL and micro Raman were used to determine the fluorescence and the composition of $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphor. A solar simulator and a potentiostat were used to confirm the photovoltaic properties of the DSSC with $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$. From the results of the microstructure and phase of the fabricated $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ nano powders, we identified $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ having particle size less than 100 nm. Based on the microstructure and micro Raman results, we confirmed the existence of $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ in the scattering layer and found that it was dispersed uniformly. Through photovoltaic properties results, the maximum ECE was shown to be 5.20%, which can be compared to the value of 5.00% without $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$. As these results are derived from conversion of light in the UV range into visible light by employing $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$ in the scattering layer, these indicate that the ECE of a DSSC can be enhanced by employing an appropriate amount of $YBO_3:Eu^{3+}$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2013

Trivalent cerium-ion-doped $Y_3(Al,\;Ga)_5O_{12}$ nanoparticle phosphor nanoparticles were synthesized using the reverse micelle process. The Ce doped $Y_3(Al,\;Ga)_5O_{12}$ particles were obtained from nitrate solutions dispersed in the nanosized aqueous domains of a micro emulsion consisting of cyclohexane as the oil phase and poly(oxyethylene) nonylphenyl ether (Igepal CO-520) as the non-ionic surfactant. The crystallinity, morphology, and thermal properties of the synthesized $Y_3(Al,\;Ga)_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$ powders were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. The crystallinity, morphology, and chemical states of the ions were characterized; the photo-physical properties were studied by taking absorption, excitation, and emission spectra for various concentrations of cerium. The photo physical properties of the synthesized $Y_3(Al,\;Ga)_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$ powders were studied by taking the excitation and emission spectra for various concentrations of cerium. The average particle size of the synthesized YAG powders was below $1{\mu}m$. Excitation spectra of the $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ and $Y_3Al_{3.97}Ga_{1.03}O_{12}$ samples were 485 nm and 475 nm, respectively. The emission spectra of the $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ and $Y_3Al_{3.97}Ga_{1.03}O_{12}$ were around 560 nm and 545 nm, respectively. $Y_3(Al,\;Ga)_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$ is a red-emitting phosphor; it has a high efficiency for operation under near UV excitation, and may be a promising candidate for photonic applications.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.604-610
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• 2011

The effect of $BaF_2$ flux in $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$(YAG:Ce) formation was investigated. Phase transformation of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$(YAG) was characterized by using XRD, SEM, and TEM-EDS, and it was revealed that the sequential formation of the $Y_4Al_2O_9$(YAM), $YAlO_3$(YAP) and $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$(YAG) in the temperature range of 1000-1500$^{\circ}C$. Single phase of YAG was revealed from 1300$^{\circ}C$. In order to find out the effect of $BaF_2$ flux, three modeling experiments between starting materials (1.5$Al_2O_3$-2.5$Y_2O_3$, $Y_2O_3$-$BaF_2$, and $Al_2O_3$-$BaF_2$) were done. These modeling experiments showed that the nucleation process occurs via the dissolution-precipitation mechanism, whereas the grain growth process is controlled via the liquid-phase diffusion route. YAG:Ce phosphor particles prepared using a proposed technique exhibit a spherical shape, high crystallinity, and an emission intensity. According to the experimental results conducted in this investigation, 5% of $BaF_2$ was the best concentration for physical, chemical and optical properties of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$(YAG:Ce) that is approximately 10-15% greater than that of commercial phosphor powder.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2012

Red-emitting $Eu^{3+}$-activated $(Y_{0.95-x}Al_x)VO_4$ (0 < x $\leq$ 0.12) nanophosphors with the particle size of ~30 nm and the high crystallinity have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. In the synthetic process, deionized water as a solvent and ethylene glycol as a capping agent were used. The crystalline phase, particle morphology, and the photoluminescence properties of the excitation spectrum, emission intensity, color coordinates and decay time, of the prepared $(Y_{0.95-x}Al_x)VO_4:Eu^{3+}$ nanophosphors were compared with those of the $YVO_4:Eu^{3+}$. Under 147 nm excitation, $(Y_{0.95-x}Al_x)VO_4$ nanophosphors showed strong red luminescence due to the $^5D_0-^7F_2$ transition of $Eu^{3+}$ at 619 nm. The luminescence intensity of $YVO_4:Eu^{3+}$ enhanced with partial substitution of $Al^{3+}$ for $Y^{3+}$ and the maximum emission intensity was accomplished at the $Al^{3+}$ content of 10 mol%. By the addition of $Al^{3+}$, decay time of the $(Y,Al)VO_4:Eu^{3+}$ nanophosphor was decreased in comparison with that of the $YVO_4:Eu^{3+}$ nanophosphor. Also, the substitution of $Al^{3+}$ for $Y^{3+}$ invited the improvement of color coordinates due to the increase of R/O ratio in emission intensity. For the formation of transparent layer, the red nanophosphors were fabricated to the paste with ethyl celluloses, anhydrous terpineol, ethanol and deionized water. By screen printing method, a transparent red phosphor layer was formed onto a glass substrate from the paste. The transparent red phosphor layer exhibited the red emission at 619 nm under 147 nm excitation and the transmittance of ~80% at 600 nm.