• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.74 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1986

To study the changes of soil and vegetational composition of Pinus densiflora community by campsite impact of its users, located in Kumo Mountain Provincial Park, the South part of Korea, three sites were selected according to the density of users. The heavy-use sites in this study has changed in the following ways. (1) The concentration of total nitrogen, available phosphate and Ca ion have decreased greatly. (2) From 68 to 73 percent of the undergrowth vegetation has been removed from the $2.000m^2$ camp area, leaving a sparse vegetation cover quite dissimilar in composition to nonuse campsite. (3) The soil hardness was $38.9kg/cm^2$ in heavyuse site and $1.76kg/cm^2$ in nonuse site. (4) The tolerant trees to campsite impact is Acer palmatum, Stephanandra incisa, Rhus trichocarpa, Rubus crataegifolitus and Parthenocissus tricuspidata. (5) Species diversity decreased to a degree at the heavy-use site. Similarity index was 25.38% between the heavy-use and nonuse site.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Poultry manure compost (PMC) as the organic fertilizer sources has a high nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, and its properties been affected by bulking agent. This study was conducted to evaluate properties of mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) containing PMC composting with sawdust and peat moss as bulking agent, and to measure a characteristics of plant growth by their application. The MOF containing 10~30 % PMC had a coincidency with its guideline in Korea. As applied with MOF containing PMC composting with sawdust (PMCS) or MOF containing PMC composting with peat moss (PMCP), dry weight of plant was increased in MOF treatments blending with 10~30 % PMCS or 10~30 % PMCP. In correlation coefficient between blending ratio of PMC in MOFs and plant growth indexes, PMCS was not significantly different, but its PMCP a positive effect (P<0.05). These results indicated that PMC was able to blend about 10~30 % as mixed organic fertilizer source, and its application increased in plant growth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2010

Biosorption is considered to be an alternative method to replace the present adsorbent systems for the treatment of metal contaminated wastewater. In this study, by-product which was abandoned from brewing factory was used to remove metal component in aqueous solution. The experimental results showed that the range of the removal efficiency is 60~91% and adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 3 hr. FT-IR and stereo microscope has been used to observe the surface conditions and changes in functional groups by calcination. At the end of elution, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in water was increased 11 and 7 times compare raw sample to calcinated samples. The Langmuir isotherm adequately described the adsorption of waste materials and the maximum adsorption capacity was 28.17 mg/g for Cd. The overall results suggested that waste material might can be used for biosorption of Cd.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.789-795
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• 2017

Termites (Isoptera) are classified into approximately 3,106 species. In Korea, only one species has been identified, which is Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto. The termite, a social insect, is known to play an important role in nutrient cycling of the ecosystem, although some species of termites are well-known pests attacking wooden structures or any plant materials. However, there is a lack of research about termites in Korea, including aspects such the taxonomy, physiology, and ecology of termites. This study was carried out to provide valuable basic data on the ecological role of termites in an ecosystem in Korea for the future studies. For the experiments, soil and termite samples were randomly collected from Mt. Hwajang located in Jikdong-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Korea between October 5 and 30, 2015. Analysis results showed that there were no significant differences in soil chemical properties between the soil samples just after air-drying and one year elapsed without any treatment. The treated soil with termites showed significantly higher than the soil without termite treatment. Chemical properties of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphate, pH, Calcium(Ca), Potassium(K) and Magnesium(Mg) in soil treated with termites were $1.11{\pm}0.3gkg^{-1}$, $43.3{\pm}12.4gkg^{-1}$, $27.4{\pm}2.9mgkg^{-1}$, $4.56{\pm}0.2$, $0.82{\pm}0.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $3.18{\pm}1.4cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $1.73{\pm}1.1cmol_ckg^{-1}$, respectively. The values of soil property of without termite treatment were $0.56{\pm}0.1gkg^{-1}$, $30.5{\pm}3.1gkg^{-1}$, $24.0{\pm}4.7 mgkg^{-1}$, $4.09{\pm}0.1$, $0.71{\pm}0.2cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $2.88{\pm}1.5cmol_ckg^{-1}$, $1.30{\pm}0.7cmol_ckg^{-1}$, respectively. These results suggest that inhabitation of termites could improve soil chemical properties in an ecosystem.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 1990

A series of pore water data were obtained during the different time over one year period between October 1987 and October 1988, from a site on a muddy intertidal flat, located in the Kyeong-gi Bay, west coast of Korea, The results have revealed that the tidal flat is an environment of active nutrient the subface supplied by the overlying seawater is almost completely removed from the pore water at depth of about 10 cm below the sediment surface. The nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate are produced through this process and subsequently accumulated in the pore water forming steep gradients near the sediment surface. Below the main sulfate redirection zone, a secondary peak of dissolved sulfate was often observed. Greal seasonal variation of the pore water nutrient profiles was observed, which was particularly clear in their maximum concentration as well as in their concentration gradient. The rate constants of sulfate reduction and nutrient regeneration, estimated by using a diagenetic model (Berner, 1980), differ by an order of magnitude between the summer and winter seasons. The difference in sediment temperature may account for most of the calculated variation. The C:N:P ratio, calculated from the pore water nutrient gradients also exhibits a slight seasonal difference. The organic matter being decomposed by sulfate reduction appears to be depleted in depleted in nitrogen, compared to the average marine organic matter.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

We tested for residual pesticide levels in school foodservice agricultural products in Seoul, Korea from 2010 to 2012. A total of 316 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed via gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphate detector (GC-NPD), an electron capture detector (GC-${\mu}ECD$), a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MSD), and a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). We used multi-analysis methods to analyze 185 different pesticide types. Among the selected agricultural products, residual pesticides were detected in 26 samples (8.2%), of which 6 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue limits (MRLs). We detected pesticide residue in more than 65% of the Chwinamul, while 6 among 9 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 1 sample exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 185 kinds of pesticides that we have tested, 18 were detected, while 7 of them were detected more than twice. Data obtained were then used for estimating the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. The most critical commodity is carbofuran in the perilla leaves, which has contributed 3.8% to the hazard index (HI). These results showed that the detected pesticides could not be considered as a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, constant supervision is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2017

Korean goral (Neamorhedus caudatus) is registered as a natural monument number 217 by South Korea Cultural Heritage Administration. It is also recognized as the endangered species I by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). In this study, blood samples of Korean goral were collected to make reference intervals. Blood sampling was conducted on 19 numbers of Korean gorals (ten females, nine males), which were reared in Korean Goral Restoration Center. For total samples, the reference intervals of hematological parameters were: white blood cell $7.69{\sim}10.87K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hematocrit 36.73~46.18%; red blood cell $10.72{\sim}12.86K/{\mu}{\Lambda}$; hemoglobin 12.79~15.14 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 33.15~36.75 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin 11.53~12.23 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32.64-35.91 g/dL and red blood cell distribution width 39.2~43.46%. For total samples of each parameters, the following results were obtained for serum biochemistry: glucose 111.81~153.77 mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen 22.35~28.91 mg/dL; creatine 1.22~1.84 mg/dL; phosphate 4.57~6 mg/dL; calcium 8.7~9.1 mg/dL; total protein 6.53~6.92 g/dL; albumin 3.1~3.48 g/dL; globulin 3.26~3.62 g/dL; alanine aminotransferase 56.7~158.56 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase 230.35~473.06 U/L; alkaline phosphatase 178.06~332.47 U/L; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 131.6-~181.24 U/L; total bilirubin 1.47~2.12 mg/dL; cholesterol 46.48~71.52 mg/dL; amylase 16.3~26.03 U/L; sodium 150.43~153.88 mmol/L; potassium 3.98~4.6 mmol/L and chlorine 109.48~113.26 mmol/L. The ranges of values were similar campared to previous studies except in the case of RDW value, which showed higher range than the RDW value of a previous study. The reference intervals from this study will be useful data for treatment and management of gorals.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.192-199
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• 1964

Seasonal variations of the contents of some chemical constituents of the estuary water at two definite stations of the laver bed in Nack Dong River have been determined over one tidal cycle in spring tide from Nov. 1962 to Oct. 1963. The ranges of annual variations of the contents at station 1 and station 2 are as follows: water temp. $2.2-30.8^{\circ}C$, $3.3-28.0^{\circ}C$; pH 7.8-8.5, 7.9-8.4; chlorosity 0.025-19.66 g/l, 4.31-19.56 g/l; magnesium 0.00355-1.565 g/l, -1.524 g/l; calcium 0.00557-0.482 g/l, - -0.590 g/l; saturation % of dissolved oxygen 71.8-123.2%, 88.2-113.8%; silicate-Si 8.00-125.5 ${\mu}$g-at./l, 6.70-100.5 ${\mu}$g-at./l; phosphate-P 0.12-1.47 ${\mu}$g-at./l, 0.11-1.09 ${\mu}$g-at./l; ammonia-N 4.88-25.45 ${\mu}$g-at./l, 4.12-17.58 ${\mu}$g-at./l; nitrite-N 0.07-0.75 ${\mu}$g-at./l, 0.08-0.58 ${\mu}$g-at./l; nitrate-N 2.11-6.89 ${\mu}$g-at./l, 1.85-7.43 ${\mu}$g-at./l each. The annual tidal variations of the constituents at station 1 are more remarkable than of station 2. The chlorosity, magnesium and calcium contents are decreased nearing the slack after ebb, and increased abruptly then one hour after the slack. The contents of the other constituents are varied according to the chlorosity variety. The values of pH, chlorosity, magnesium and calcium contents are lower in summer than winter, while the difference of seasonal variations of the % saturation of dissolved oxygen is not remarkable. The phosphate-P and total nitrogen contents have a tendency of increasing within a definite range, while the silicate-Si increase proportionally, to the increasing of mixing percentage of fresh water. The average values of Si/P and N/P are several times greater than of the normal in sea water. The chemical composition considered from the value of Mg/Cl or Ca/Cl of estuarine water varies according to the variety of chlorosity, even at the high chlorosity of 19 g/l.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 1994

To get a fundamental data fur management of security, validity, Quality, of Paeonia suffruficosa roots as medicinal herb, the content of paeonol, ash, and inorganic components in Moutan Radicis Cortex produced in 8 regions of Korea was investigated from Oct. 1990 to May 1991. The results are summarized as follows: The average content of paeonol was 0.65%. The content of ash was 3.53%, acid-insoluble ash 0.77% in average, both of them were suitable to the standard value as Korean medical herbs. Total nitrogen content was 1.03%, phosphate 0.55%, potassium 0.82%, and calcium 1.50% in average. The content of MgO was 0.21ppm, 325.83ppm in Fe, 1.82ppm in Cr, 3.73ppm in Cu, 18.93ppm in Zn and Mn 21.27ppm, respectively. Especially Hg was not detected in the products of all regions. The average content of Cd was 0.25ppm, Pb 3.09ppm in Moutan Radicis Cortex, so they were estimated suitably to use as medicinal herb.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to understand the characteristics of inorganic ion uptake of strawberries to establish a labor saving, environmentally sound closed hydroponic system. Nitrate nitrogen is absorbed in the perlite and granule rockwood with the almost same rate and in the cocopeat with a little bit higher concentration. At the early growth stage, phosphate was absorbed in comparatively high rate, but it is gradually declining to $4me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the three treatments except for reused medium. Four treatments showed different absorption rates for potassium, respectively, however, it became $3{\sim}5me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ gradually. But there was few sign to absorb potassium in the reused medium. High concentration of calcium was absorbed in the cocopeat medium and the lowest absorption rate in the granule rockwool, and it turned out to be $2{\sim}3me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ absorption concentration rate in the perlite. All three treatments showed $1me{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at the average absorption concentration rate of magnesium. Iron showed high absorption rate but it showed steadily 1~2 ppm absorption rate. Results of this experiment will be utilized for developing the new substrates for strawberry closed hydroponic system.