• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.430-434
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Chronic hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress via accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributes to diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia induces mitochondrial superoxide anion production through the increased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. This study aimed to determine whether fisetin and luteolin treatments suppress the oxidative stress by modulating the expression of sirtuins (SIRTs) and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) under hyperglycemic conditions in human monocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Human monocytic cells (THP-1) were cultured under osmotic control (14.5 mmol/L mannitol), normoglycemic (NG, 5.5 mmol/L glucose), or hyperglycemic (HG, 20 mmol/L glucose) conditions, in the absence or presence of fisetin and luteolin for 48 h. To determine the effect of fisetin and luteolin treatments on high glucose-induced oxidative stress, western blotting and intracellular staining were performed. RESULTS: Hyperglycemic conditions increased the ROS production, as compared to normoglycemic condition. However, fisetin and luteolin treatments inhibited ROS production under hyperglycemia. To obtain further insight into ROS production in hyperglycemic conditions, evaluation of p47phox expression revealed that fisetin and luteolin treatments inhibited p47phox expression under hyperglycemic conditions. Conversely, the expression levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and FOXO3a were decreased under high glucose conditions compared to normal glucose conditions, but exposure to fisetin and luteolin induced the expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and FOXO3a. The above findings suggest that fisetin and luteolin inhibited high glucose-induced ROS production in monocytes through the activation of SIRTs and FOXO3a. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study supports current researches that state fisetin and luteolin as potential agents for the development of novel strategies for diabetes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.298-306
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem of significant importance which increases mortality. In place of anti-obesity drugs, natural products are being developed as alternative therapeutic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of Brassica juncea L. leaf extract (BLE) on fat deposition and lipid profiles in high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFC)-induced obese rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to diet: normal diet group (ND), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC with 3% BLE diet group (HFC-A1), and HFC with 5% BLE diet group (HFC-A2). Each group was fed for 6 weeks. Rat body and adipose tissue weights, serum biochemical parameters, and tissue lipid contents were determined. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The HFC-A2 group showed significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency ratio than the HFC group. BLE supplementation caused mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights to decrease. The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in rats fed BLE. These results were related to lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, and to higher expression of the cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and low density lipoprotein-receptor, as well as increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$. Histological analysis of the liver revealed decreased lipid droplets in HFC rats treated with BLE. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of HFC with 3% or 5% BLE inhibited body fat accumulation, improved lipid profiles, and modulated lipogenesis- and cholesterol metabolism-related gene and protein expression.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.125-142
• /
• 2007

calculus pharmacopuncture. Porcine skin including fat tissue after treated Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture by means of the dosage dependent variation are investigated the histologic changes after injection of these pharmacopuncture. Results: Following results were obtained from the preadipocyte proliferation and lipolysis of adipocyte and histologic investigation of fat tissue. 1. Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture showed the effect of decreased preadipocyte proliferation on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$). 2. Fel ursi pharmacopuncture showed the effect of decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the high dosage($1mg/m{\ell}$) and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture significantly showed from $0.1mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. 3. Fel ursi pharmacopuncture was not showed the effect of lipolysis, but Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture was increased the effect of lipolysis in all concentration significantly. 4. Investigated the histological changes in porcine fat tissue after treated Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture, we knew that these pharmacopuncture was showed significant activity to the lysis of cell membranes in all concentration. Conclusion : These results suggest that Fel ursi and Bovis calculus pharmacopuncture efficiently induces diminish proliferation of preadipocyte and lipolysis in adipose tissue.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.344-346
• /
• 2004

A 69-year-old woman was presented with progressed dysphagia, gastric soreness and weight loss during 2 months. She was performed abdomen x-ray, EGDS and abdomen CT. Abdomen x-ray demonstrated punctuate calcification on LUQ. EGDS showed an ulceroinfiltrative mass with bleeding on cardia to antrum of stomach. And CT showed diffuse gastric wall thickness with multiple calcifications. Biopsy of the stomach and esophagus during EGDS examination revealed an adenocarcinoma, with signet ring cell type, infiltrating the wall of the stomach and the distal esophagus. Then acne scan was performed a few days later. It revealed intense uptake in LUQ, corresponding to the calcium containing neoplasm seen on the abdomen x-ray, EGDS and abdomen CT. And there was no evidence of any metastatic lesion and thyroid uptake on the bone scan. There are many reports about accumulation of the tracer in extraosseous lesion, but only a few literatures were reported about gastric calcification in stomach cancer. More over, no reports showed CT images. We are performed many diagnostic examinations and found well correlation between them. The reason of gastric calcification is considered with calcium deposition within extracellular space due to hemorrhage or necrosis. Other possibility offered to explain gastric calcification have been increased blood flow and/or increased neovascularity with capillary leaks of tracer, and specific enzymatic (phosphatases) receptor binding of tracer. So, it was happened ion exchange between intracellular calcium and phosphate groups of tracer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2015

Castration induces the accumulation of body fat and deposition of intramuscular fat in Korean cattle, resulting in improved beef quality. However, little is known about the metabolic adaptations in the liver following castration. To understand changes in lipid metabolism following castration, hepatic expression levels of lipid metabolism genes were compared between Korean bulls and steers. Steers had higher (p<0.001) hepatic lipids contents and higher (p<0.01) mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This differential gene expression may, in part, contribute to increased hepatic lipid content following the castration of bulls. However, we found no differences in the hepatic expression levels of genes related to triglyceride synthesis (mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 2) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, C-4 to C-12 straight chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) between bulls and steers. No differences in gene expression for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, including apolipoprotein B mRNA and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein, were observed in the liver although MTTP mRNA levels were higher in steers compared to bulls. In conclusion, FA synthesis may contribute to increased hepatic lipid deposition in steers following castration. However, hepatic lipid metabolism, including triglyceride synthesis, FA oxidation, and VLDL secretion, was not significantly altered by castration. Our results suggest that hepatic lipid metabolism does not significantly contribute to increased body fat deposition in steers following castration.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 2015

Grape products have been known to exert greater antioxidant and anti-obesity than anti-hyperglycemic effects in animals and humans. Omija is used as an ingredient in traditional medicine, and it is known to have an anti-hyperglycemic effect. We investigated whether the combined extracts of grape pomace and omija fruit (GE+OE) could reduce fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic tissues and provide beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either a normal control diet or GE+OE (0.5% grape pomace extract and 0.05% omija fruit extract, w/w) for 7 weeks. GE+OE decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels while increasing adiponectin levels and reducing the total white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, GE+OE lowered plasma free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels as well as hepatic FFA and cholesterol levels. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased in the GE+OE group, whereas hepatic ${\beta}$-oxidation activity was increased. Furthermore, GE+OE supplementation not only reduced hyperglycemia and pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell failure but also lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels was also decreased and the decrease seems to be mediated by the lowered activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases. The present data suggest that GE+OE may have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.268-281
• /
• 1995

This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of DHA-rich fish oil (DHA-rich oil) added to different dietary fats on lipid metabolism. Rats were fed perilla oil, sesame oil and beef tallow with or without DHA-rich oil for 12 weeks. The weight gain was higher in groups with DHA-rich oil than that of groups without DHA-rich oil, with DHA-rich oil, while weight of epididymal fat pad was lower in perilla oil and beef tallow groups with DHA-rich oil. The contents of total lipid and triglyceride in plasma were not affected by dietary fat types, but that of total and HDL cholesterol in plasma were higher in sesame oil group than perilla oil and beef tallow groups without DHA-rich oil. The contents of total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholestrol and LDL cholesterol in plasma were decreased by DHL-rich oil addition. The contents of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were not affected by dietary fat type. The contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were not affected by dietary fat type. The contents of total lipid and TG in liver were not affected by DHA-rich oil addition while hepatic cholesterol increased by DHA-rich oil addition. The activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were highest in beef tallow group without DHA-rich oil and decreased by DHA-rich oil addition. Peroxisomal ${\beta}$-oxidation had an inverse relationship against the activities of lipogenic enzymes. In conclusion, dietary DHA-rich oil decreased fat accumulation and had hypolipidemic effect, especially in beef tallow group. Also groups with DHA-rich oil showed more hypolipidemic effect than perilla oil group. And DHA-rich oil addition to diets resulted in increasing dietary n-3/n-6 ratio. Therefore increase in n-3/n-6 ratio as well as dietary DHA were considered to be responsible for the hypolipidemic effect resulted from DHA-rich oil addition.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2000

Penicillium fellutanum produces a phosphorylated, choline-containing extracellular peptido-polysaccharide, peptidophosphogalactomannan (pPxGM) (8). The $\^$13/C-methyl labeled pPxGM ([methyl-$\^$13/C]pPxGM) was prepared from the cultures supplemented with L-[methyl-$\^$13/C]methionine or [2-$\^$13/C]glycine and was used as a probe to monitor the fate of phosphocholine in this polymer. Addition of purified [methyl-$\^$l3/C]pPxGM to growing cultures in low phosphate medium resulted in the disappearance of [methyl-$\^$13/C]phosphocholine and -N,N'-dimethyl-phosphoethanolamine from the added [methyl-$\^$13/C]pPxGM. Two $\^$l3/C-methyl-enriched cytoplasmic solutes, choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, were found in mycelial extracts, suggesting that phosphocholine-containing extracellular pPxGM of P.fellutanum is a precursor of intracellular choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine and thus of phosphatydilcholine (l0). $\^$13/C-Methyl-labeled cells grown in 3 M NaCl-containing medium showed 2.6- and 22-fold more accumulation of $\^$13/C-methyl labeled choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, respectively, originated from the extracellular [$\^$13/C-methyl]pPxGM than those grown without added NaCl. The results suggest that, in addition to glycerol and erythritol, glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate and thus choline are also osmoprotectants and hence that pPxGM is involved in osmotolerance of this fungus (11). Taken collectively, the $\^$l3/C- and $\^$31/P-NMR analyses of cytosolic solute pools and structural modulation of extracellular pPxGM corresponding to environmental stimuli in P. fellutanum, provided evidence that pPxGM is involved in cellular choline metabolism, osmotolerance, and recycling of metabolites.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2013

Objectives We performed the simultaneous analysis for three compounds in Cheongsimyeonja-tang (CSYJT) and evaluated its anti-obesity effect. Methods The column for separation of three compounds was used Gemini $C_{18}$ column and maintained at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase for gradient elution consisted of two solvent systems. The analysis was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with PDA detection at 275 nm. The injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes by adding insulin, dexamethasone and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 8 days in the absence or presence of CSYJT. Anti-obesity effects of CSYJT were evaluated by Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, triglyceride contents, and leptin production. Results Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$ >0.9999. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside and baicalein in CSYJT were 14.54-14.65 mg/g, 5.24-5.27 mg/g and 0.01-0.02 mg/g, respectively. CSYJT showed inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and GPDH activity in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, CSYJT significantly decreased contents of triglyceride and leptin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusions These results will be helpful to improve quality control and anti-obesity effect of Taeeumin CSYJT.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1988

Streptozotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병성 쥐(혈당수준$430{\pm}30ml/dl$)에게 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$를 연속적으로 복강투여 하였다. Ginsenoside $Rb_{2}$ 투여군은 현저한 혈당감소를 보였으며 이군들의 혈당수준은 6-9일 투여로 약 160mg/dl로 떨어졌다. 한편 대조군보다 먹이섭취량이 적지만 체중은 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$를 투여한 당뇨쥐에서 상당히 증가하였다. Ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$투여군은 과식, 다뇨, 당뇨 등과 같은 당뇨병 증상이 개선 되었다. 혈당을 떨어뜨리는 작용기전을 연구하기위한 일환으로 간 및 지방조직 그리고 혈청 등에 있는 탄수화물 대사물질과 지질성분 등에 미치는 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$의 효과를 조사하였다. 당뇨쥐에서는 ginsenoside-$Rb_{2}$가 먼저 정상쥐에서와 같이 간에서 혈당의 이용을 촉진 시키고 그결과 지방조직에 triglyceride 들이 증가되는 것으로 추측된다.