• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.145-152
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• 2015

In this paper, a standardized phonological rule should be embodied for all people who want to use Hangul beyond nationality. This researcher suggested a phonological process protocol in unicode for the purpose of developing a computer system-based program as one of methods to pronounce Hangul correctly. First of all, to solve a problem of standardizing Hangul pronunciation, it is necessary to develop a phonological process system. In other words, when a mobile phone or a keyboard is used, inputted strings should be changed exactly by an automatic device made according to the phonological rule. For this, a phonological process table is the most important and unicode which digitalizes Hangul is the most effective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to complete a phonological process table, suggest an algorithm by the table, and develop a computer program pursuing correct Hangul pronunciation. For the methodology of this study, the features of unicode was used to solve a problem of coding each syllable by phonemes after strings were inputted from the phonological process program. This study suggested a protocol that sounds of inputted strings were automatically changed via recombination using a phonological process table. The ultimate purpose of the study was to help pronounce Hangul correctly according to the pronunciation rule.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2004

The letter delay task using monosyllabic words has been employed in order to investigate whether Korean word is processed by the phonological route, and to investigate which stage this phonological information affects word recognition. Two main conditions were delaying a sounding letter( $\rightarrow$향), and delaying a silent letter( $\rightarrow$양). Experiment 1 was the naming task with the SOAs of 150㎳ and 250㎳ in order to investigate whether the phonological information affects the early stages, or the later stages of word recognition. The results showed that the interaction between the phonological value condition and the presence/absence of the prime was significant under the 150㎳ SOA, but not under 250㎳ SOA. Experiment 2 was conducted in order to generalize the results of Experiment 1 in the lexical decision task. The results showed the similar pattern as the Experiment 1. These experiments indicate that Korean words are processed by the phonological route, and the phonological information plays roles in the early stages of word recognition.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

This paper investigates the phonological processes of consonants in pronounced words in the Buckeye Corpus and compares the frequency distribution of these processes to provide a clearer understanding of conversational English for linguists and teachers. Both orthographic and pronounced words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Buckeye Corpus. Next, the phonological processes of consonants in the orthographic and pronounced labels were tabulated separately by onsets and codas, and a frequency distribution by consonant process types was examined. The results showed that the majority of the onset clusters were pronounced as the same sounds in the Buckeye Corpus. The participants in the corpus were presumed to speak semiformally. In addition, the onsets have fewer deletions than the codas, which might be related to the information weight of the syllable components. Moreover, there is a significant association and strong positive correlation between the phonological processes of the onsets and codas in men and women. This paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in spontaneous speech corpora can contribute to a practical understanding of spoken English. Further studies comparing the current phonological process data with those of other languages would be desirable to establish universal patterns in phonological processes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.803-809
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• 2007

This study suggests a computational model to inquire the roles of phonological information and orthography information in the process of visual word recognition among the courses of language information processing, and the representation types of the mental lexicon. The model that this study is presenting here was designed as a feed forward network structure which is comprised of input layer which uses two Korean syllables as its input value, hidden layer, and output layer which express meanings. As the result of the study, the computational model showed the phonological and orthographic neighborhood effect among language phenomena which are shown in Korean word recognition, and showed proofs which implies that the mental lexicon is represented as phonological information in the process of Korean word recognition.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

This study investigates how the phonological and phonetic information of vowels influences prosodic prominence among linguistically untrained listeners using public speech in American English. We first examined the speech material's phonetic realization of vowels (i.e., maximum F0, F0 range, phone rate [as a measure of duration considering the speech rate of the utterance], and mean intensity). Results showed that the high vowels /i/ and /u/ likely had the highest max F0, while the low vowels /æ/ and /ɑ/ tended to have the highest mean intensity. Both high and low vowels had similarly high phone rates. Next, we examined the effects of the vowels' phonological and phonetic information on listeners' perceptions of prosodic prominence. The results showed that vowels significantly affected the likelihood of perceived prominence independent of acoustic cues. The high and low vowels affected probability of perceived prominence less than the mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ʌ/, although the former two were more likely to be phonetically enhanced in the speech than the latter. Overall, these results suggest that perceptions of prosodic prominence in English are not directly influenced by signal-driven factors (i.e., vowels' acoustic information) but are mediated by expectation-driven factors (e.g., vowels' phonological information).

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.295-297
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• 2007

This study suggests a computational model to inquire the roles of phonological information and orthography information in the process of visual word recognition among the courses of language information processing and the representation types of the mental lexicon. As the result of the study, the computational model showed the phonological and orthographic neighborhood effect among language phenomena which are shown in Korean word recognition, and showed proofs which implies that the mental lexicon is represented as phonological information in the process of Korean word recognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis. which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English target word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2004.10d
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• pp.240-247
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis, which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English prime word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English, which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-455
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• 2012

Multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory mechanisms are largely divided into the phonological channel and the lexical-semantic channel. The former is called phonological short-term memory and the latter is called semantic short-term memory. Phonological short-term memory is further segmented into the phonological input buffer and the phonological output buffer. In this study, the language performance of each of three patients with similar levels of conduction aphasia was analyzed in terms of multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory. To this end, three patients with conduction aphasia were instructed to perform four different aspects of language tasks that are spontaneous speaking, repetition, spontaneous writing, and dictation in both word and sentence level. Moreover, the patients' phonological memories and semantic short-term memories were evaluated using digit span tests and verbal learning tests. As a result, the three subjects exhibited various types of performances and error responses in the four aspects of language tests, and the short-term memory tests also did not produce identical results. The language performance of three patients with conduction aphasia can be explained according to whether the defects occurred in the semantic short-term memory, phonological input buffer and/or phonological output buffer. In this study, the relations between language and multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory were discussed based on the results of language tests and short-term memory tests in patients with conduction aphasia.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

This study investigated the interaction between phonological phrase boundary and word frequency variable in Korean speech processing. A word monitoring task was performed to examine the interference caused by the frequency effect of target word depending on whether a phonological phrase is formed within the target word. Frequency of target word (high vs low) and phonological phrase boundary (within target word vs between target words) were applied as between and within subject condition respectively. Our results showed the significant main effect of the phonological phrase boundary and the significant interaction. In the post-hoc analysis, the high-frequency target words were detected significantly faster than the low-frequency target words only in the within phonological phrase boundary condition. Frequency effect in the between phonological phrase boundary condition did not appear. The results indicated that the phonological phrase boundary and word frequency variable played an important role in Korean speech processing. In particular, we discussed the possibility of processing the word frequency at the very early sensory information processing stage based on the interaction of two experimental factors.