• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제47호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2003

This paper investigates phonation types of Malay plosives and compares Malay plosives with Korean ones in terms of VOT, F0, duration of closure, and durations of the preceding and following vowels. This study is significant in that it specifies phonetic characteristics of phonation types of the two languages and provides phonetic bases for teaching and learning either of the two languages. The results showed that Malay voiceless plosives are greater than voiced ones in VOT, F0, duration of closure, but the other way in durations of the preceding and following vowels. Comparison of the two languages, particularly in terms of the distribution of VOT, indicates that Malay voiceless plosives are close to Korean fortis plosives.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제48호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2003

Sasang Constitutional Medicine, a branch of traditional Korean medicine, believes that the health of human beings can be promoted by taking advantage of the fact that people have different constitutions. It utilizes the characteristics in human voice to diagnose the constitution of the patients. This study aims at establishing the relationship between Sasang constitutions and their corresponding voice characteristics by investigating source-related variables. Voice recordings of 23 patients from three different constitutions were obtained whose constitutions had been already diagnosed by the experts in the fields. Fundamental frequency related variables (average pitch, maximum/minimum pitch, pitch range), phonation type, speaking tempo were measured and analyzed for each group. The phonation type seemed to be a possible candidate for a successful variable to determine constitution. No statistically significant relationship was manifested between other variables and constitutions. Despite its failure to firmly establish the relationship between voice and constitutions, the current study suggests that future research should include not only source-related variables

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

This paper investigated the effects of frequency band limitation on perceptual characteristics of Korean consonants. Monosyllabic speech (144 syllables of CV type, 56 syllables of VC type, 8 syllables of V type) produced by two announcers were low- and high-pass filtered with cutoff frequencies ranging from 300 to 5000 Hz. Six listeners with normal hearing performed perception test by types of filter and cutoff frequencies. We reported phoneme recognition rates and types of perception error of band-limited Korean consonants to examine how frequency distortion in the process of speech transmission affect listener's perception. The results showed that recognition rates varied with the following factors: position in a syllable, manner of articulation, place of articulation, and phonation types. Consonants in the final position were stronger to the frequency band limitation than those in the initial position. Fricatives and Affricates are stronger than stops. Fortis consonants were less stronger than their lenis or aspirated counterparts. Types of perception error also varied depending on such factors as consonant's place of articulation: In case of bilabial stops, they were perceived as alveolar stops with while in cases of alveolar and velar stops, there were changes in phonation types without any change in the place of articulation.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Benign vocal fold lesions have shown various voice onset types on phonation, however, they have not been documented yet. We studied to know the relationships between benign vocal fold lesions and voice onset types. Materials and Method: 114 subjects were evaluated by using videokymographic examinations. The subjects were classified into three types: normal, contact, and open types according to the patterns of voice onset types on phonation. Benign vocal fold lesions were investigated and voice onset types were compared between normal and disease groups. Voice parameters were obtained from and compared in all subjects to assess acoustic and aerodynamic factors. Results: The normal type among onset types were more than contact type or open type in both normal and disease groups. Disease group showed many contact and open types when. compared with normal group. Vocal nodule and vocal polyp were showed many normal and contact types, however, sulcus vocalis was almost showed open type among voice onset groups. The values of mean flow rate (MFR) of contact type were significantly higher compared to normal type in disease group (p<0.05). Shimmer of contact type was higher than normal type in diseasegroup, but the difference was not significant (p=0.057). Conclusion: Benign vocal fold lesions were related to the various types of voice onset. The various types of voice onset should be considered when benign vocal fold lesions were examined.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

This study investigates spectral characteristics of frication noise in Korean sibilants in terms of center of gravity and skewness. Specifically, the present study seeks to observe the two parameters with emphasis on place of articulation in different vowel environments. This study also examines whether these parameters can discriminate phonation types. The results showed that the fricatives are palatalized in front of the front vowel /i/ and the affricates are articulated at the same place of articulation regardless of the following vowels. This study also suggests that the place of articulation of the fricatives followed by /i/ is the same as those of the Korean affricates. With regard to the phonation type, there was a significant difference in the center of gravity between lax and tense series for both fricatives and affricates.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

Previous studies have investigated a between-category relationship of multiple acoustic cues for a laryngeal contrast by examining the distributions of VOT, f0 and H1-H2. The current study examined within-category correlations between cues comprising stops by Korean- and English-speaking adults and children to understand how children master the internal structure of stop phonation types in two languages. Word-initial stops were collected from about 70 children and 15 adults speaking English and Korean, and were analyzed in terms of VOT, f0 and H1-H2 to compute correlation coefficients. Findings in adults' productions included a gender-differentiated cue-correlation pattern associated with H1-H2 in Korean tense stops and a trading relationship between f0 and VOT in Korean lax and aspirated stops and English voiced and voiceless stops. Children did not necessarily have adult-like cue-correlation patterns even in early-acquired categories, suggesting that the mastery of intra-category structure of phonation type might occur later than inter-category structure.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

The aim of this paper is to analyze the phonetic features for disguised voice. In this paper we examined the features such as phonation types, pitch range, speech rate, intonation type and boundary tones etc. So the result of the analysis is as follows. : $\circled1$ Phonation types are very important manner of disguised voice for male subjects. $\circled2$ Pitch range and average of pitch value is very important cue for speaker verification. $\circled3$ pitch contour, speech rate and boundary tones can be a secondary cue for speaker verification.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.10.1-10
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• 1982

최근의 후두미세수술 (Laryngo-microsurgery)의 보편화와 이에 따른 음성외과학(phonosurgery)의 발달로 종전까지 성대결절이나 성대폴립등의 양성종양 절제나 반회신경 마비등예에서 진단된 성문간격 (glottic chink)을 $Teflon^{{\circledR}}$ injection등으로 치료해오던 후두경술(Laryngoscopy)하에서의 수술적 조작이 그 한계와 범위를 넘어서서 이제는 우리 나라에 있어서도 후두의 기능외과적인 측면에서 음성을 개선하려는 시도가 고조되고 있으며 특히 성대마비나 변성기발성장애 (Mutational dysphonia), 성대위축 (Vocal cord atrophy), 운동기능 항진성발성장애 (Hyperkinetic dysphonia), 성대구증(Sulcus vocalis)등을 위한 음성개선수술이 실시되고 있음은 우리나라의 음성외과학의 발전이라는 견지에서도 매우 기꺼운 일이다. 이러한 뜻에서 내시경술을 통해서 성대에 직접 수술적 조작을 가하지않고서도 성문외적으로 후두구조를 수술하여 성대의 위치와 물리적 성질을 변화시킴으로서 음성을 개선하려는 갑상연골성형술 (thyroplasty)이 성행되고 있음을 강조하고싶다. Isshiki(1974)는 이러한 thyroplasty 를 4종류로 분류하였으며 편측성 성대마비의 경우 I 형 thyroplasty (lateral compression of vocal cord) 와 IV형 thyroplasty (Lengthening of vocal cord) 가 효과적인 수술방법인데 이들 수술의 장점은 국소마취하에서 환자의 목소리를 들어가면서 lateral compression의 정도를 조정해서 시술할 수 있다는것과 갑상연골내측 연골막 밖에서 의 조작으로서 후두내 출혈이나 호흡곤란등의 위험성이 전혀 없다는 것이다. 본 교실에서는 1981 년 9월부터 1982년 3월까지 7개월간에 경험한 편측성 성대마비 7예에 대하여 국소마취하에서 thyroplasty를 시행하여 약간의 지견을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 수술에 앞서서 모든 환자에게 미리 공기역학검사, 청각심리적검사, 스트로보스콥검사(stroboscopy) 및 음향분석(Sound spectrographic analysis) 을 실시하였으며 thyroplasty 시행 2 개월후에 상기한 검사를 다시 시행해서 수술전후의 음성을 비교관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 공기역학검사상 최장발성지속시간 (Maximum phonation time)은 58 % 증가되었으며 이에따른 발성시호기유율 (Phonation quotient)과 평균호기유율(Mean flow rate)은 각각 58 %, 54 %로 감소되었다. 2) 청각심리적검사에서 애성의 정도가 호전되었으며 스트로보스콥검사에서도 발성시 성문간격의 개선을 보았다. 3) 음향분석도상에서 성대 진동의 주기성 (Periodicity)이 회복되었으며 특히 고주파역에서의 잡음분포가 감소되었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

본 연구는 조기 양측 인공와우이식 아동과 건청 아동 간 파열음의 조음위치와 발성유형에 대한 성대진동 시작시간(voice onset time, VOT)의 차이를 살펴봄으로써, 조기 양측 인공와우이식을 통한 청각적 보상과 피드백이 청각장애 아동의 말 운동통제 능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상자는 만 5세부터 10세 사이의 양측 인공와우이식 아동 15명과 건청 아동 15명을 선정하였다. 검사 과제는 조음위치 및 발성 유형을 고려한 9개 파열음의 VCV음절을 사용하였다. VOT 측정을 위해 Praat 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 정확한 측정을 위해 녹음된 음성, 스펙트로그램, 포먼트 정보를 함께 사용하였다. 삼원혼합분산분석 결과, 집단에 대한 주 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 조음위치에 대한 주 효과는 유의하였으며, 연구개음의 VOT값이 양순음과 치조음보다 유의하게 길었다. 발성유형에 대한 주 효과도 유의하였으며, VOT값은 격음, 평음, 경음 순으로 유의하게 길었다. 이러한 결과는 조기 양측 인공와우이식을 통한 양이 청취가 고도 이상의 난청 아동의 말 운동 통제 능력에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 시사한다.