• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2010

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Recently, this organism has developed resistance to available antibiotics, prompting scientists to find a suitable alternative. This study focused on secondary metabolites of Phomopsis longicolla to target X. oryzae. Five bioactive compounds were isolated by activity-guided fractionation from ethyl acetate extracts of mycelia and were identified by LC/MS and NMR spectroscopy as dicerandrol A, dicerandrol B, dicerandrol C, deacetylphomoxanthone B, and fusaristatin A. This is the first time fusaristatin A has been isolated from Phomopsis sp. Deacetylphomoxanthone B showed a higher antibacterial effect against X. oryzae KACC 10331 than the positive control (2,4-diacetyphloroglucinol). Dicerandrol A also showed high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and yeast (Candida albicans). In addition, high production yields of these compounds were obtained at the stationary and death phases.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 강원도의 설악산에서 주목(Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc.)과 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.), 경기도 화악산에서 분비나무(Abies nephrolepis(Traut.) Maxim.), 경북 울릉도에서 주목 등의 침엽을 채취하여 내생균을 분리하였고, 분리된 균주의 형태학적 특징을 관찰하고, ITS rDNA와 LSU rDNA지역의 염기서열 분석하여 균을 동정하였다. 그 결과 Biscogniauxia maritime, Nemania diffusa, Pezicula carpinea, Phomopsis juglandina, Sydowia polyspora 등의 5종의 국내 미기록 내생균을 확인하였고, 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1972

1. 사과나무 부란성병해를 일으키는 병원균을 사과 주산지인 충남북, 경북등 3개도에서 조사하였으며 살균제의 효과를 실내에서 검정하였다. 2. 병윈균은 Valsa mali (부란병) 및 Botryosphaeria ribis(동부병)은 경북, 충남. 충북 등 3개도 모두 분포하며 Phomopsis truncicola (동고병)만은 충북에서는 없었다. Valsa mali는 어느 지역에서나 가장 많이 발견되었으나 천원지방에서는 Botryosphaeria ribis가 더 많앗다. 3. 저지대에 의한 Valsa mali의 산균효과나 병원균을 접종한 수피의 침투효과에서 수은제 , 석회유황합제의 효과가 좋았고 다음으로 황산옥시키노린제, 유황제가 좋았고 알콩등의 효과는 인정되지 않았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1983

1. 충남(忠南) 각지(各地)에서 수집(收集)한 28개(個) 콩종자(種子) sample을 blotter법(法)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 21종(種)의 균류(菌類)가 검출(檢出)되었고, 특히 부생균(腐生菌)인 Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. 등(等)과, 자주빛무늬병균(病菌) (Cercospora kikuchii) 및 Fusarium spp. 이 많이 검출(檢出)되었다. 2. 자주빛무늬가 있는 종자(種子)에서는 무늬가 없는 종자(種子)에 비(比)하여 C. kikuchii가 많이 검출(檢出)되었고 반면(反面)에 Aspergillus spp.나 Penicillium spp.와 같은 부생균(腐生菌)의 오염율(汚染率)과 Phomopsis sp. 및 Fusarium 균(菌)의 이병율(罹病率)이 낮았다. 3. 병원성실험(病原性實驗) 결과(結果) Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, Phomopsls sp.는 병원성(病原性)을 나타내었으나, F. equiseti와 F. solani는 병원성(病原性)이 없었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2013

Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between timedependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against Xoo over the course of Phomopsis longicolla S1B4 fermentation. Metabolites were clearly differentiated based on fermentation time into phase 1 (days 4-8) and phase 2 (days 10-20) in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites contributing significantly for phases 1 and 2 were deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, fusaristatin A, and dicerandrols A, B, and C as identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and dimethylglycine, isobutyric acid, pyruvic acid, ribofuranose, galactofuranose, fructose, arabinose, hexitol, myristic acid, and propylstearic acid were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling. The most significantly different secondary metabolites, especially deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, and dicerandrol A, B and C, were positively correlated with antibacterial activity against Xoo during fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1428-1440
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• 2017

Phomopsis sp. XP-8 (an endophytic fungus) was previously found to produce pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), a major antihypertensive compound of Tu-Chung (the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.), which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicines. In the present study, two bioconversion systems were developed for the production of PDG in Tris-HCl buffer containing glucose and Phomopsis sp. XP-8 cells (both resting and freeze-dried). When other factors remained unchanged, the bioconversion time, glucose concentration, cell ages, cell dosage, pH, temperature, and stirring speed influenced PDG production in a similar and decreasing manner after an initial increase with increasing levels for each factor. Considering the simultaneous change of various factors, the optimal conditions for PDG production were established as 70 g/l cells (8-day-old), 14 g/l glucose, $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and 180 rpm for systems employing resting cells, and 3.87 g/l cells, 14.67 g/l glucose, $28^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and 180 rpm for systems employing freeze-dried cells. The systems employing freeze-dried cells showed lower peak PDG production ($110.28{\mu}g/l$), but at a much shorter time (12.65 h) compared with resting cells (23.62 mg/l, 91.5 h). The specific PDG production levels were 1.92 and $24{\mu}g$ per gram cells per gram glucose for freeze-dried cells and resting cells, respectively. Both systems indicated a new and potentially efficient way to produce PDG independent of microbial cell growth.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.178-187
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• 1996

풋콩 조생품종들인 오꾸하라와세, 미카와시마, 화엄풋콩 및 석량풋콩의 4품종을 고냉지인 철원과 평창 및 평야지인 수원과 대구의 4개 지역에 1992년 5월15일과 6월15일 2회 파종하여 수확종실의 병해정도와 품종에 따라 6~7개월의 저온 저장후(5$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$) 발아율을 검토하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종실의 병감염은 미이라병 나병률이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 갈반병이었으며 갈반병 나병이 가장 낮았다. 2. 종실의 미이라병, 갈반병 및 자반병 나병을 포함한 총 병해립율은 평창지역이 가장 낮았고, 6월15일 파종이 5월I5일 파종보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 3. 종실의 미이라병 나병립율은 고냉지인 평창과 철원이 평야지인 수원과 대구보다 낮았고, 6월 15일 파종이 5월I5일 파종보다, 성숙기수확이 성숙후10일 수확보다 낮았다. 4. 종실의 저장후 발아율은 고냉지인 평창과 철원이 90% 이상으로 높아 평야지인 수원과 대구보다 높았으며 6월15일의 만파가 5월15일 파종보다 높았다. 5. 풋콩종실의 미이라병 나병이 낮고, 발아율이 높은 양질종자를 생산키 위해서는 국내 고냉지에서 6월15일의 만파가 유리하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.91.1-91
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• 2002

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2006년도 한국약용작물학회 공동춘계학술발표회
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• pp.142-143
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• 2006

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

In the present study, an attempt to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes inhabiting $Emblica$ $officinalis$ has been made keeping in view the medicinal importance of the selected host plant in Indian traditional practices. A total of four endophytic fungi belonging to Phylum Ascomycetes were isolated from different parts of the plant which were characterized morphologically and by using rDNA-internal transcribed spacer. The most frequently isolated endophyte was $Phomopsis$ sp. The antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, and total phenol were evaluated using ethanolic extract of endophytic fungi. DPPH activities in all the ethanolic extract increased with the increase in concentrations. Endophytes, $Phomopsis$ sp. and $Xylaria$ sp. showed highest antioxidant activity and also had the higher levels of phenolics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal extract were tested against four bacteria namely, $Escherichia$ $coli$ MTCC730, $Enteroccocus$ $faecalis$ MTCC2729, $Salmonella$ $enterica$ ser. $paratyphi$ MTCC735 and $Streptococcus$ $pyogenes$ MTCC1925, and the fungus $Candida$ $albicans$ MTCC183. In general, the fungal extracts inhibited the growth of test organisms except $E.$ $coli$.