• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

The possibility of simultaneous analysis of 24 pesticides out of 30 residual pesticides which are subjected to test in the golf courses was examined. The utility of the simultaneous analysis of multi-residue pesticides was evaluated by recovery test through a standard addition method of pesticides in water, soil, and lawn grass. The experimental results of the recovery rates for individual pesticides are as follows : The number of pesticide of which average recovery was over 70% regardless of medium was 16 pesticides. These pesticides were composed of 8 organophosphorus pesticides(Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Diazinon, EPN, Fenitrothion, Phenthoate, Phosalone, and Toclofos-methyl). 4 organochlorinated pesticides(Daconil, Captan, Endosulfan, and Tetradifon), 2 pyrethroid pesticides(Fepropathrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin) and 2 other pesticides(Bromopropylate, Pendimethalin). On the other hand, in case of Dicofol, average recovery by medium was over 70% for water and lawn grass but was only 53.3% for soil. Therefore, the simultaneous analytical method applied in this experiment is not appropriate for analysis of Dicofol in soil. Furthermore, among 7 pesticides, 2 pesticides(Amitraz and Pyraclofos) showed that theirs average recovery rates deviated from criteria(70~130%) at almost all media, while 5 pesticides(Bensulide, Deltamethrin, Iprodione, Phosphamidon and Tralomethlin) were not detected from all media by selected GC detector(NPD or ECD).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

Effect of storage temperature, washing, and cooking on postharvest-treated pesticide residues in polished rice was investigated. After being treated with each 500 mg/kg of captan, carbaryl, phenthoate, fenthion, fenitrothion, chlorpyriphos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, the polished rice was stored for 8 weeks at 4 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The penetation rate of carbaryl was the highest as 27.5% and the others, 13 to 18%. The half lives of pesticide residues were estimated as 30 to 230 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$, but 1 to 12 weeks at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The residues were reduced faster at 3$0^{\circ}C$ than at 4$^{\circ}C$. The half lives of pesticide residues by water washing were estimated as 0.7 to 4.6 trials and the removed with the washing trials. The residues of captan and carbaryl in cooked rice were removed 100 and 98%, respectively, comparing to initial residues concentration in treated rice but those of other 5 pesticides were removed 80%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.410-415
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• 2000

This study was performed to study tile organophosphorus pesticides residues removal effect of rice and Korean cabbage. Four organophosphorus pesticides(EPN, diazinon, fenithrithion, phenthoate) were artificially added to rice and Korean cabbage. Then they were washed with water and cooked differently to analyze the amount of pesticides residues reduced. The result of the study were as following; 1. The removal rate of pesticides residue on rice was 15.5∼35.4% an[ the amount of washing water was more influential in removal rate than number of washing. 2. The removal rate of pesticides residues through cooking processes after rice washing was 72.1∼77.8%. 3. The removal rate of pesticides residues through washing and cooking processes on the Korean cabbage were 18.4∼41.0%, 22.8∼92.7%. 4. As the amount of washing water of Korean cabbage increase, pesticides removal effect was higher. 5. Squeezing out the washed water from the cabbage increased pesticides removal rate.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine residues of 17 pesticides and provide basic information on dietary safety of 35 kinds of Kangweon-do agricultural products. Residual leyels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by using GLC-ECO and GLC-NPD, respectively. A total of 157 agricultural products of Kangweon-do were analyzed. At least one kind of pesticide residues were detected in 48.4% of the analyzed samples and two or more kinds were found in 15.3%. Residue of Captan was detected in 43 samples of 81 agricultural products which was 53.1%. But residues of Endrin, Captafol, Parathion, Fenitrothion, Fenthion and EPN were not found in the all samples tested. Ranges of the pesticide residue leyels detected were ND-0.142 ppm for organochlorine pesticides, ND-0.075 ppm for organophosphorus pesticides and ND-1.067 ppm for Captan. Results of this monitoring study demonstrated that pesticide residue leyels in Kangweon-do agricultural supply were generally well below regulatory limits.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

The possibility of multiresidue analysis of 24 pesticides out of 30 residual pesticides which are subjected to test in the golf courses was examined. The utility of multiresidue method for pesticide residue test was evaluated by recovery test through a standard addition method of pesticides in water, soil, and lawn grass. The experimental results of the recovery test for individual pesticides are as follows : The number of pesticide of which average recovery rate was over 70% regardless of media was 16 pesticides. These pesticides were composed of 8 organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifosmethyl, diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion, phenthoate, phosalone, and toclofos-methyl). 4-organochlorinated pesticides (daconil, captan, endosulfan, and tetradifon), 2-pyrethroid pesticides(fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) and 2 other pesticides (bromopropylate, pendimethalin). On the other hand, in case of dicofol, average recovery rate was over 70% for water and lawn grass but only 53.3% for soil. Therefore, the multiresidue method applied in this experiment is not appropriate for analysis of dicofol in soil. Furthermore, among 7 pesticides, 2 pesticides(amitraz and pyraclofos) showed that theirs average recovery rate deviated from criteria($70{\sim}130%$) in almost ail media, while 5 pesticides(bensulide, deltamethrin, iprodione, phosphamidon and tralomethlin) were not detected from all media by GC/NPD or GC/ECD.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 1984

Waters, sediments and crucian carps samples collected bimonthly from Nakdong river during- the period of August 1982 to June 1983 were analyzed for organophosphorus pesticide residues by GLC equipped with a flame photometric detector. Among the environmental samples, IBP, diazinon, phenthoate, parathion, malathion and fenitrothion residues were found only in waters and crucian carps and sediments samples were devoid of the residues. In addition, seasonal variations of the residues in waters and crucian carps were observed. Waters and crucian carps samples collected in August, when pesticides are generally in great demand, contained all the organophosphorus pesticide residues while no organophosphorus were detected in waters and crucian carps samples collected in February, April or December. The most abundant residues in the two environmental samples were diazinon and IBP and residue levels of parathion, malathion and fenitrothion were found extremely low.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-349
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• 2011

100 residual pesticides in 1,565 medicinal herbs being on sale in Seoul was analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method. The recovery ratio was 71.0~119.7%. The detection rate of pesticide residues was 5.3% and the rate of excess to Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) was 0.9% of the total samples. The medicinal herbs which had the high detection rate of residual pesticides were Alismatis Rhizoma, Citri Unshii Pericarpium, Lycii Fructus and Zyzyphi Fructus. The medicinal herbs detected pesticide over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) were Alismatis Rhizoma (4), Cnidii Rhizomain (4), Chrysanthemi Zawadski Herba (1), Citri Unshii Pericarpium (1), Lycii Radix Cortex (1), Menthae Herba (1), Schisandrae Fructus (1) and Taraxaci Herba (1). The residual pesticides which had the high detection frequency were cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, phenthoate, endosulfan, isoprothiolane, chlorothalonil and chlorfenapyr. Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of detected pesticides was compared to Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in order to assess risk. Ethoprophos detected in Cnidii Rhizomain showed the highest %ADI, 26.85. And pyraclofos and endosulfan in Cnidii Rhizomain, endosulfan and isoprothiolane in Alismatis Rhizoma and cyprodinil in Taraxaci Herba showed more than 1 %ADI, but others showed below 1 %ADI.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

An extrapolation of residue data of seven commonly used pesticides namely bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate and procymidone on a total of 22 minor crops has been carried out in an experimental field trial. The pesticides were applied to 11 leafy-, 5 root- and 6 stem-crops grown in the experimental green-house and the crops and plants were randomly collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after application. The average recoveries of applied pesticides were ranged from 72.0 to 117.0% in leafy crops, from 81.3 to 105.0% in stem crops and from 70.1 to 108.1% in the root-crops. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.005-0.1 mg/kg in the leafy crops and 0.001-0.005 mg/kg in both the stem & root crops. Based on the results of residual dissipation pattern and their morphology, all crops were classified into high and low residual groups. The results showed that it might be possible to extrapolate residual data of stem-crops to root-crops within the same group. Crops that have currently no registered pesticide for use, would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for the similar crops.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2001

In order to establish a whitefly control system using conventional groups of insecticide(carbamate, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides), three alternative application methods were designed on the medium growth stage of cucumber. To discriminate the effectiveness of these sequences observed were the residual activity of insecticides, frequency of insecticide applications, residue of insecticides in cucumber leaves, development of insecticide resistance in whitefly, and yield of fruits. Spraying furathiocarb, a carbamate insecticide, was very effective in reducing the frequency of application for the control of white flies. The effectiveness of furathiocarb was enhanced by the potentiation process to carbofuran, the long residual activity, and the lower development rate of insecticide resistance. Methion, an organophosphorus insecticide, did not show resistance development after successive use but resulted in short residual activity. However, other organophosphates, profenofos and phenthoate, lost their activity by the resistance development. Decreasing activity was common to pyrethroids, deltamethrin and zetacypermethrin due to resistance. From these results it could be drawn a conclusion that furathiocarb, a carbamate insecticide, was the most desirable among conventional insecticide groups for the management of greenhouse whitefly population on the cucumber. To prevent an outbreak of the insect pest by various cause, it was recommended to choose acetamiprid, a nicotinoid, which showed very good control efficacy to the resistance insects to conventional insecticides.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-136
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• 1987

As a part of continuing monitoring program since 1983, a study on pesticide residues on Korean agricultural products has been conducted to offer the tolerance of pesticide residues suiting Korean reality. The samples used in this experiment were collected from four areas in five provinces of Korea. The residue, levels of organochlorine pesticide (two kinds), organophosphoric pesticide (eight kinds) and carbamate pesticide (three kinds) on lettuce, garland chrysanthemum, radish Korean, potato, egg plant, green onion, persimmon and sweet potato, and the residue levels of captan and captafol on tomato, green pepper fresh, apple, peach, soybean, cucumber and cabbage Korean were determined by GC-NPD and ECD.