• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2019

Objective: Sow longevity is important for efficient and profitable pig farming. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in social genetic effect (SGE) of pigs on stress-tolerance and behavior. The present study aimed to estimate genetic correlations among average daily gain (ADG), stayability (STAY), and number of piglets born alive at the first parity (NBA1) in Korean Yorkshire pigs, using a model including SGE. Methods: The phenotypic records of ADG and reproductive traits of 33,120 and 11,654 pigs, respectively, were evaluated. The variances and (co) variances of the studied traits were estimated by a multi-trait animal model applying the Bayesian with linear-threshold models using Gibbs sampling. Results: The direct and SGEs on ADG had a significantly negative (-0.30) and neutral (0.04) genetic relationship with STAY, respectively. In addition, the genetic correlation between the social effects on ADG and NBA1 tended to be positive (0.27), unlike the direct effects (-0.04). The genetic correlation of the total effect on ADG with that of STAY was negative (-0.23) but non-significant, owing to the social effect. Conclusion: These results suggested that total genetic effect on growth in the SGE model might reduce the negative effect on sow longevity because of the growth potential of pigs. We recommend including social effects as selection criteria in breeding programs to obtain satisfactory genetic changes in both growth and longevity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Fungal sectorization is a complex trait that is still not fully understood. The unique phenotypic changes in sporadic sectorization in mutants of CpBck1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) gene, and CpSlt2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, in the cell wall integrity pathway of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been previously studied. Although several environmental and physiological factors cause this sectoring phenotype, genetic variants can also impact this complex morphogenesis. Therefore, RNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify candidate genes associated with sectorization traits and understand the genetic mechanism of this phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants and their sectored progeny strains revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to various cellular processes. Approximately 70% of DEGs were common between the wild-type and each of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants, indicating that CpBck1 and CpSlt2 are components of the same MAPK pathway, but each component governs specific sets of genes. Functional description of the DEGs between the parental mutants and their sectored progenies revealed several key pathways, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, translation, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism; among these, pathways for secondary metabolism and translation appeared to be the most common pathway. The results of this comparative study provide a better understanding of the genetic regulation of sector formation and suggest that complex several regulatory pathways result in interplays between secondary metabolites and morphogenesis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2022

It is important to improve the efficiency of plant breeding and crop yield to fulfill increasing food demands. In plant phenotyping studies, the capability to correlate morphological traits such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle and size of panicle of the plants has an important role. However, manual phenotyping of plants is prone to human errors and is labor intensive and time-consuming. Hence, it is important to develop techniques that measure plant phenotypic traits accurately and rapidly. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of point cloud data based on a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system for plant phenotyping. The obtained results were then verified through manually acquired data from the sorghum samples. This study measured the plant height, plant crown diameter and the panicle height and diameter. The R² of each trait was 0.83, 0.94, 0.90, and 0.90, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 6.8 cm, 1.82 cm, 5.7 mm, and 7.8 mm, respectively. The results showed good correlation between the point cloud data and manually acquired data for plant phenotyping. The results indicate that the 3D LiDAR system has potential to measure the phenotypes of sorghum in a rapid and accurate way.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.279-279
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• 2022

Rice is 34% of the world's population used as a staple food. But the world population is increasing. Food security is not well protected. Improving cultivar development can address food security. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a statistical analysis using both phenotypic and genotypic dates. The purpose of QTL mapping is to determine a gene. Increasing grain size is a way to increase yield in rice. Grain size-related genes were mapped using CNDH population obtained by cross-breeding Cheongcheong (Indica) and Nagdong (Japonica) through anther culture. Grain harvested from experimental field of Kyungpook National University in Gunwi in 2021. Genes related to grain length were detected between RM5964-RM12285, RM20924-RM20967 in chromosome 1, 7. LOD score is 5.88 and 5.6. Genes related to grain width was detected between RM289-RM18130 in chromosome 5. LOD score is 4.57. Genes related to grain length/width ratio were detected between RM5459-RM3482, RM5699-RM1211 and RM3838-RM3381 in chromosome 1, 2, 5. LOD score is 3.75, 3.14 and 3.41. 4 genes was detected in chromosome 1 and 2 genes was detected in chromosome 2 and 7 genes was detected in chromosome 5. 2 genes related to grain shape and quality were detected. 4 genes related to grain length were detected. 4 genes related to grain size were detected. 1 gene related to grain size and weight was detected. 2 genes related to grain length and weight were detected. By finding the gene related to grain size, it provides food to people threatened by food security and solves the food shortage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to obtain (co) variance components and genetic parameter estimates for post-weaning body measurements such as body length (BL), height at withers (HW), and chest girth (HG) recorded at six (SBL, SHW, and SHG), nine (NBL, NHW, and NHG) and twelve (YBL, YHW, and YHG) months of age along with yearling weight (YW) in Nellore sheep maintained at livestock research station, Palamaner, Andhra Pradesh, India and also the association among body measurements with YW was studied. Methods: Data on 2,076 Nellore sheep (descended from 75 sires and 522 dams) recorded between 2007 and 2016 (10 years) were utilized in the study. Lambing year, sex of lamb, season of lambing and parity of dam were included in the model as fixed effects and ewe weight was kept as a covariate. Analyses were conducted with six animal models with different combinations of direct and maternal genetic effects using restricted maximum likelihood procedure. Best model for each trait was determined based on Akaike's information criterion. Results: Moderate estimates of direct heritability were obtained for the studied traits viz., BL (0.02 to 0.24), HW (0.31 to 0.49), and CG (0.08 to 0.35) and their corresponding maternal heritability estimates were in the range of 0.00 to 0.07 (BL), 0.13 to 0.17 (HW), and 0.07 to 0.13 (CG), respectively. Positive direct genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits and they ranged from 0.07 (YBL-YW) to 0.99 (SBL-SHG, SHG-YW, and NBL-YBL) and 0.01 (SBL-YBL) to 0.99 (NBL-NHG), respectively. Further, the genetic correlations among all the body measurements and YW were positive and ranged from 0.07 (YW and YBL) to 0.99 (YW and SHG). Conclusion: There was a strong association of chest girth at six months with YW. Further, it is indicated that moderate improvement of post-weaning body measurements in Nellore sheep would be possible through selection.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.59-59
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• 2015

Cryptococcus neoformans causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans, but the treatment of cryptococcosis remains challenging. To develop novel therapeutic targets and approaches, signaling cascades controlling pathogenicity of C. neoformans have been extensively studied but the underlying biological regulatory circuits remain elusive, particularly due to the presence of an evolutionarily divergent set of transcription factors (TFs) in this basidiomycetous fungus. In this study, we constructed a high-quality of 322 signature-tagged gene deletion strains for 155 putative TF genes, which were previously predicted using the DNA-binding domain TF database (http://www.transcriptionfactor.org/). We tested in vivo and in vitro phenotypic traits under 32 distinct growth conditions using 322 TF gene deletion strains. At least one phenotypic trait was exhibited by 145 out of 155 TF mutants (93%) and approximately 85% of the TFs (132/155) have been functionally characterized for the first time in this study. Through high-coverage phenome analysis, we discovered myriad novel TFs that play critical roles in growth, differentiation, virulence-factor (melanin, capsule, and urease) formation, stress responses, antifungal drug resistance, and virulence. Large-scale virulence and infectivity assays in insect (Galleria mellonella) and mouse host models identified 34 novel TFs that are critical for pathogenicity. The genotypic and phenotypic data for each TF are available in the C. neoformans TF phenome database (http://tf.cryptococcus.org). In conclusion, our phenome-based functional analysis of the C. neoformans TF mutant library provides key insights into transcriptional networks of basidiomycetous fungi and ubiquitous human fungal pathogens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2002

본 연구는 1994년부터 2000년까지 축산기술연구소 종축개량부에서 사육된 Yorkshire종 돼지 2,111두의 자료를 근거로 하여 주요 경제형질인 일당증체량, 90kg 도달 일령, 등지방두께에 대한 유전력, 유전상관, 표현형상관을 추정하기 위하여 MTDFREML Package에서 Animal model를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분석한 돼지의 주요 경제형질의 평균치는 등지방두께가 1.476 0.241cm, 일당증체량이 0.871 0.124kg, 90kg 도달 일령이 145.397 11.718일이었다. 2. 분석한 형질들의 유전력은 등지방두께가 0.55, 일당증체량이 0.55, 90kg 도달 일령이 0.56으로 전체적으로 고도의 유전력을 보였다. 3. 분석한 형질들의 유전상관은 일당증체량과 90kg 도달 일령에서는 －0.82, 일당증체량과 등지방두께 에서는 0.10, 90kg 도달 일령과 등지방두께 사이에서는 －0.25로 나타났다. 조사된 형질들의 표현형상관은 일당증체량과 90kg 도달 일령에서는 －0.77, 일당증체량과 등지방두께 에서는 0.02, 90kg 도달 일령과 등지방두께 사이에서는 －0.05로 나타났다. 등지방두께에 대한 일당증체량과 90kg 도달 일령사이의 표현형상관은 낮게 나타났지만 유전상관은 다소 높게 나타나 개량시 이점에 대하여 고려하여야 할 것이라 사료된다. 유전력에 있어서는 주요 경제형질 모두 고도의 유전력을 나타내어 적절한 선발 및 사양관리가 이루어진다면 Yorkshire종에 대한 유전적 개량량이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

본 연구는 한우 번식우와 거세우의 도체형질과 초음파 측정형질의 유전모수를 추정하여 도체형질과 초음파 측정형질 간의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 등지방두께의 유전력은 0.43이었고, 초음파 등심단면적의 유전력은 0.23 그리고 초음파 근내지방도는 0.32이었다. 한편, 한우 암소 도체형질의 유전력은 등지방두께는 0.33, 등심단면적이 0.13 그리고 근내지방도는 0.33으로 분석되었다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 측정 형질 간 유전상관은 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 등심단면적에서 -0.19, 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 근내지방도는 -0.61이었고, 초음파 등심단면적: 초음파 근내지방도는 -0.36으로 각 형질 간 부의 유전상관을 보였다. 표현형상관에 있어서는 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 등심단면적에서 0.03, 초음파 등지방두께: 초음파 근내지방도는 0.13이었고, 초음파 등심단면적: 초음파 근내지방도는 0.26으로 분석되었다. 한우 암소에 있어서 초음파 측정 형질과 실제 도체형질 간 유전상관은 등지방두께 0.97, 등심단면적 0.94 그리고 근내지방도 0.92로 매우 높은 정 (+)의 상관을 나타내었고, 초음파 측정형질과 실제도체형질 간 표현형상관에 있어서도 등지방두께 0.90, 등심단면적 0.86 그리고 근내지방도 0.81로 높은 정 (+)의 상관계수가 추정되었다. 그리고 암소에서 나타나는 이러한 결과는 거세우 자료에서나 암소와 거세우를 통합한 자료에서도 일관되게 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서 초음파 측정치와 실제 도체에서 측정한 값 들 사이에 유전적으로나 표현형적으로 높은 수준의 정 (+) 상관이 존재하는 본 연구 결과는 육질 개량을 위한 간접 선발의 도구로 초음파 측정 자료를 활용하는 것이 가능할 것이며 한우의 도축 결과를 상당히 정확한 수준으로 예측하는 것이 가능하므로 사양관리 측면에서도 큰 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1514-1524
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• 2011

A total of 4,752 monthly lactation records of Friesian cows during the period from 2000 to 2005 were used to estimate genetic parameters and to determine the effect of udder health on milk production traits. Three milk production traits were studied: 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), 305-day fat yield (305-dFY) and 305-day protein yield (305-dPY). Four udder health traits were studied: somatic cell count (SCC), mastitis (MAST), udder health status (UDHS) with 10 categories and udder quarter infection (UDQI) with 7 categories. Mixed model least square analysis was used to estimate the fixed effects of month and year of calving and parity (P) on different studied traits. Sire and dam within sire were included in the model as random effects. Data were analyzed using Multi-trait Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology (MTDFREML) to estimate genetic parameters. Unadjusted means of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY and SCC were 3,936, 121, 90 kg and 453,000 cells/ml, respectively. Increasing SCC from 300,000 to 2,000,000 cells/ml increased UDQI from 5.51 to 23.2%. Losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields per cow ranged from 17 to 93 and from 135 to 991 kg, respectively. The corresponding losses in monthly and lactationally milk yields return per cow at the same level of SCC ranged from 29.8 to 163 and from 236 to 1,734 Egyptian pounds, respectively. Heritability estimates of 305-dMY, 305-dFY, 305-dPY, SCC, MAST, UDHS, UDQI were 0.31${\pm}$0.4, 0.33${\pm}$0.03, 0.35${\pm}$0.05, 0.23${\pm}$0.02, 0.14${\pm}$0.02, 0.13${\pm}$0.03, and 0.09${\pm}$0.01, respectively. All milk production traits showed slightly unfavorable negative phenotypic and genetic correlations with SCC, MAST, UDHS and UDQI. There were positive and high genetic correlations between SCC and each of MAST (0.85${\pm}$0.7), UDHS (0.87${\pm}$0.10) and UDQI (0.77${\pm}$0.06) and between MAST and each of UDHS (0.91${\pm}$0.11) and UDQI (0.83${\pm}$0.07). It could be concluded that the economic losses from mastitis and high SCC are considerable. The high genetic correlation between SCC and clinical mastitis (CM) suggest that the selection for lower SCC would help to reduce or eliminate the undesirable correlated responses of clinical mastitis associated with selection for increasing milk yield. Additionally, it is recommended also that if direct information on under health traits is not available, measures of SCC can be inclusion in a selection criteria to improve the income from dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1667-1673
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate economic weights of Hanwoo carcass traits that can be used to build economic selection indexes for selection of seedstocks. Data from carcass measures for determining beef yield and quality grades were collected and provided by the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation (KAPE). Out of 1,556,971 records, 476,430 records collected from 13 abattoirs from 2008 to 2010 after deletion of outlying observations were used to estimate relative economic weights of bid price per kg carcass weight on cold carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) and the phenotypic relationships among component traits. Price of carcass tended to increase linearly as yield grades or quality grades, in marginal or in combination, increased. Partial regression coefficients for MS, EMA, BF, and for CW in original scales were +948.5 won/score, +27.3 $won/cm^2$, -95.2 won/mm and +7.3 won/kg when all three sex categories were taken into account. Among four grade determining traits, relative economic weight of MS was the greatest. Variations in partial regression coefficients by sex categories were great but the trends in relative weights for each carcass measures were similar. Relative economic weights of four traits in integer values when standardized measures were fit into covariance model were +4:+1:-1:+1 for MS:EMA:BF:CW. Further research is required to account for the cost of production per unit carcass weight or per unit production under different economic situations.