• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

The smoke density and noxious gas for phenol foam and polyurethane foam were measured according to test methods in ASTM E 662 and KS F 2271. It was observed that phenol foam had the possibility of application for sandwich panel and board compared with polyurethane foam. In the experimental results, phenol foam showed comparatively excellent property than polyurethane foam in smoke density and noxious gas. The polyurethane foam showed comparatively high smoke density and didn't meet the evaluation standard of noxious gas in KS F 2271. From the experimental results of smoke density and noxious gas, it can be said that phenol foam has both comparatively good safety and high possibility of application than polyurethane foam in the building fire of sandwich panel structure because of lower smoke density and noxious gas.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.277-278
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• 2018

Improvement of insulation performance of buildings is a major part. Adiabatic method The adiabatic method minimizes the heat loss of the building. External insulation uses insulation to prevent fire. Ambient air hazards are less prone to fire. When a fire occurs, a phenolic pattern is formed and bond strength with the wall increases. EPS insulation and phenol foam were used to compare external heat transfer and external heat transfer. The heat transfer properties of phenolic foam and styrofoam were evaluated as follows. In the mortar and styrofoam structure, the problem of styrofoam reaching the burning point occurred before the collapse of the mortar, and the phenol foam had a problem in that when the direct fire was continued on the phenol foam. The characteristics of continuous infiltration appeared. In the case of mortar and phenol foam + styrofoam, the heat penetrated into the interior due to the shrinkage due to the shrinkage of the carbon screen on the phenol foam. However, when reinforced with glass mesh on the outer surface, And to reduce infiltration.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 LNG나 LPG등과 같은 초저온용 단열재로 사용되는 폴리우레탄 폼을 대체하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 레졸형 페놀수지를 사용하여 페놀 폼을 합성하였다. 페놀 수지 발포 폼을 합성하기 위해 HCFC-141b, HFC-365mfc와 HFC-227fa의 혼합물, n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane 및 cyclohexane을 발포제로 사용하여 발포제에 따른 페놀수지 폼의 물성변화를 고찰하였다. 발포제로 cyclohexane을 사용하였을때 가장 우수한 단열성능과 압축강도를 나타내었으며 동일한 발포제를 사용하여 합성한 폴리우레탄 폼과의 내열성을 비교한 결과 폴리우레탄 폼에 비해 매우 우수한 내열성을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.357-360
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 단열재로서의 페놀수지(PF) 발포폼의 물성과 응용가능성을 검토하였다. 실험결과 페놀수지 발포폼의 밀도는 $0.030g/cm^3$를 나타내었고, 열전도율은 $0.026kcal/m.h.^{\circ}C$를 나타내었다. 또한 페놀수지 발포폼은 $500^{\circ}C$로 1 h 동안 열을 가했을 경우 약 71.7 wt%가 휘발되었다. 그리고 페놀수지 발포폼의 화학구조는 단열재로서의 중요 물성인 closed cell 구조형태를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 제조된 페놀수지 발포폼은 단열소재로서의 우수한 물성을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2010

외부복사 열원(20, 25, 35, 50, $70kW/m^2$)과 산소/질소의 혼합가스의 농도 변화에 따른 페놀폼의 연소 특성을 분석하였다. 산소지수는 KS M ISO 4589-2를 만족하는 산소지수시험기를 사용하였으며, 점화시간, 임계열속, 그리고 질량감소속도는 ISO 5660-1를 만족하는 mass loss calorimeter를 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과, 외부 복사열원에서 임계열유속은 $28.99kW/m^2$, 평균질량감소속도는 $0.56{\sim}1.77g/m^2s$로 측정되었으며, 한계산소지수는 45.1%를 나타내었다. 모든 연구결과를 종합한 결과 페놀 폼이 다른 발포 물질에 비해 아주 우수한 화재안정성을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2014

Foam type porous silicon carbide ceramics were fabricated by a polymer replica method using polyurethane foam, carbon black, phenol resin, and silicon powder as raw materials. The influence of the C/Si mole ratio of the ceramic slurry and heat treatment temperature on the porous silicon carbide microstructure was investigated. To characterize the microstructure of porous silicon carbide ceramics, BET, bulk density, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses were employed. The results revealed that the surface area of the porous silicon carbide ceramics decreases with increased heat treatment temperature and carbon content at the $2^{nd}$ heat treatment stage. The addition of carbon to the ceramic slurry, which was composed of phenol resin and silicon powder, enhanced the direct carbonization reaction of silicon. This is ascribed to a consequent decrease of the wetting angles of carbon to silicon with increasing heat treatment temperature.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2012

The reticulated carbon foam have been used for their excellent properties in terms of thermal management which is getting important in industrial field currently. In this study, we measure the mechanical properties of the reticulated carbon foam which is heat-treated at various temperature from the prepared low-density phenol foam. Simultaneously, we observe microstructures with high resolution transmission microscope and measure the residual oxygen content of carbon foams to figure out the relationship between the apparent change of properties such as weight loss and linear shrinkage during heat treatment. In conclusion, the carbon foam heat-treated at $1400^{\circ}C$ shows the highest strength, and the mechanical behavior is believed to be strongly related to the creation of nano-size graphite crystals from the amorphous carbon during heat treatment. On the other hand, it is turned out that the weight loss occurred at the temperature under $1400^{\circ}C$ comes from the elimination of oxygen in the form of $CO_2$ or CO, but no evidence is found on weight loss mechanism at the temperature above $1400^{\circ}C$.

• Carbon letters
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2012

Herein, macroporous carbon foams were successfully prepared with phenol and formaldehyde as carbon precursors and an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ($BMIPF_6$), as a pore generator by employing a polymerization-induced phase separation method. During the polycondensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, $BMIPF_6$ forms a clustered structure which in turn yields macropores upon carbonization. The morphology, pore structure, electrical conductivity of carbon foams were investigated in terms of the amount of the ionic liquid. The as-prepared macroporous carbon foams had around 100-150 ${\mu}m$-sized pores. More importantly, the electrical conductivity of the carbon foams was linearly improved by the addition of $BMIPF_6$. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first result reporting the possibility of the use of an ionic liquid to prepare porous carbon materials.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 유기 단열재인 poly isocyanurate foam (PIR), poly urethane foam (PUR), phenol foam (PF)을 선정하여 ISO 5660-1의 기준에 따라 콘칼로리미터(cone calorimeter)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 화재위험성 평가를 표준화하기 위하여 기준물질(PMMA)을 사용하여 Chung's equations-III와 Chung's equation-IV에 의한 화재위험성을 등급화하여 평가하였다. Chung's equations-II의 화재성능지수-II 값은 PF가 14.77 s²/kW로 화재성능지수-II가 가장 높았고, PUR이 0.08 s²/kW로 화재성능지수-II가 가장 낮았다. 화재성장지수-II 값은 PF가 0.01 kW/s²로 화재성장지수-II가 가장 낮았고, PUR이 1.14 kW/s²로 화재성장지수-II가 가장 높았다. Chung's equations-III의 화재성능지수-III에서 PUR이 0.11로 화재성능지수-III가 가장 낮게 나타났고, PF가 20.23으로 화재성능지수-III가 가장 높았다. FGI-III에서는 PUR이 14.25로 화재성장지수-III가 가장 높게 나타났고, PF가 0.13으로 가장 안전한 물질로 판단하였다. 그리고 Chung's equation-IV의 화재위험성지수-IV는 PUR (130.03) >> PIR (19.13) > PMMA (1.00) > PF (0.01)의 순서로 나타났다. 따라서 PF가 화재위험성이 가장 낮고, PUR이 가장 높은 것으로 판단하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.137-138
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• 2019

To overcome the limitation in relation to thermal insulator's selection and installation method that is suitable for exterior insulation and waterproof construction methods, a production basis of thermal insulators of which manufacturing knowhow is held by companies was ensured and future-oriented construction methods to adopt new materials were applied. Performance verification was conducted through performance and mock-up tests of thermal transmittance on the cross sections where the flexible insulators were applied based on the improved prototype and performance data were obtained. To overcome the biggest drawbacks (walking feeling and damage etc.) in the exterior insulation and waterproof construction method, inserting a protective layer between thermal insulator and water-proof layer was proposed, and polypropylene corrugated cardboards.