• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.372-378
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• 1983

Use of dual phase steel are growing for its high strength and light weight in automobiles. The effect of the martensite volume fraction with various impact velocities on the strength, ductility and absorbed energy of dual phase (ferrite-martensite) steels were investigated in low carbon 1.5% Mn steels which were soaked at 700.deg. C, 730.deg. C, 780.deg. C, and brine quenched. Both the yield load and the maximum impact load increased when the martensite volume fraction increased, the loading time and the absorbed energy of the specimen decreased when the martensite volume fraction increased.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.355-361
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• 1996

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were prepared by the electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD) method on the porous Al2O3 substrates. Y2O3 mol% of thin film was linearly increased with yttrium mole fraction of vapor phase. As yttrium mole fraction(Zyc13=0.18) increased dense and faceted thin films were enhanced. However as the yttrium mole fraction (Zyc13=0.04) decreased porous thin films with monoclinnic phase prevailed. With increasing pressure difference of substrate sides penetration depth decreased porosity and amount of monoclinic phase in the films increased.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Based on the pore filling theory, the microstructure evolution during liquid-phase sintering has been analyzed in terms of interrelationship between average grain size and relative density. For constant liquid volume fraction, the microsturucture trajectories reduced to a single curve in a grain size(x)-density(y) map, regardless of grain growth constant. The slope of curves in the map was inversely proportional to average pore size, while it increased fapidly with liquid volume fraction. Increase in pore volume fraction retarded the densification considerably, but showed marginal effect on the slope. The activation energy of densification was predicted to be the same as that of grain growth as long as the liquid volume fraction is constant for any temperature range studied. The present analyses on microstricture evolution may demonstrate the usefulness of pore filling theory and provide a guideline for process optimization of liquid-phase sintering.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2003

The emulsion stability of cosmetic creams based on the water-in-oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing water, squalane oil and cetyl dimethicone copolyol was investigated with various compositional changes, such as electrolyte concentration, oil polarity and water phase volume fraction. The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The slope change of complex modulus versus water phase volume fraction monitored in the linear viscoelastic region could be explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsions: the greater the increase of complex modulus was, the more the coalescence occurred and the less consistent the emulsions were. Emulsion stability was dependent on the addition of electrolyte to the water phase. Increasing the electrolyte concentration increased the refractive index of the water phase, and thus decreased the refractive index difference between oil and water phases. This decreased the attractive force between water droplets, which resulted in reducing the coalescence of droplets and increasing the stability of emulsions. Increasing the oil polarity tended to increase emulsion consistency, but did not show clear difference in cream hardness among the emulsions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1996

Many investigations have been made to determine the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics for single phase flow in tape generated swirl flow. But few studies have been carried out to investigate the heat transfer in two component, two phase swirl flow with non-boiling. An experimental study has been conducted to determine the effects of tape twist ratios on two phase convective heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, and void fraction distribution in a non-boiling, air-water, two phase flow. The flow conditions were both swirl and non swirl flows. The internal diameter of the test section is 42.5mm. The tape twist ratios of pitch to diameter ratio varied from 4.0 to 10.6. The heating conditions were isothermal and nonisothermal. The flow patterns identified with experiments were bubbly, bubbly-slug, slug, and slug-annular flow in up-flow. This study has concluded that no significant difference in void fraction distribution were observed both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, the pressure drop for two phase flow with twisted tape swirler increase as the tape twist ratio decrease, and that values of two phase heat transfer coefficient increase when the tape twist ratio decreases.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of ${\sigma}$ phase on the microstructure and mechanical properties in super duplex stainless steel. The precipitation of ${\sigma}$ phase during isothermal heat treatment showed the type S curves with a certain incubation period. The precipitation of ${\sigma}$ phase was precipitated at ferrite phase and interface of ferrite and austenite. Under the state of isothermal transformation, the precipitation of ${\sigma}$ phase was stimulated by applied stress. With increasing of volume fraction of precipitated ${\sigma}$ phase, tensile strength was increased and elongation was decreased with linear relationship, while in case of precipitated ${\sigma}$ phase was 5% over, impact value was rapidly decreased.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2000

This study is to investigate the characteristics of fatigue crack propagation in rolled super duplex stainless steel that was changed austenite-ferrite volume fraction by heat treatment. It was used two kinds of specimen the rolling and the transverse directions δ-phase fraction affected sound velocity hardness and Young's modulus. Characteristics of fatigue crack propagation was affected by anisotropy and (δ+γ) phase volume fractions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1998

This study aims a investigating the effect of volume fraction of chromium carbide phase(VFC) of hardfaced iron/chromium alloys on fracture toughness. The alloys were deposited twice on a mild steel plate using self-shielding flux cored arc welding process. In order to examine VFC effect, different VFC (0.28∼0.62) were employed by changing the Cr and C content, while the ratio of Cr/C was fixed in the range of 5.7∼6.6. Fracture toughness was constant as increasing VFC because fracture surface was developed in the eutectic phase which was growing parallel with introduced sharp notch in the hypoeutectic alloys, but fracture toughness did not decreased in spite of increasing volume fraction of coarse primary chromium carbide phase which was easily craced at the low stress because the growth direction of chromium carbide phase were more irregular as increasing VFC in the hypereutectic alloys.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.505-514
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• 1998

Flow pattern of air-water two phase flow depends on the conditions of pressure void fraction and channel geometry. We classify the flow pattern by measuring the output signal of the conductivity probe. under the classified flow pattern we mount a visualization equipment on the test section and take pictures. We vary the concentration of pure solvent and polymer to measure local void fraction. We know that the maximum point position of local void fraction distribution move from the center of the pipe to the wall of the pipe as JSL increase when JSA is constant in two phase flow. But we find that the maximum point position of local void friction move from the wal of the pipe to the center of the pipe when polymer concentration increase.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2931-2938
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• 2011

2상 복합재에 적용되어오던 수정된 Eshelby 모델(MEM)을 두 종류의 구형 입자를 포함하는 3상 복합재로 확장하여 복합재의 등가열전도계수를 간단히 양함수 형태로 표시한다. 이의 유효성 검증을 위해 이 결과를 미소등가물모델(DEMM)로 구한 결과와 비교하고, 또 참고문헌의 2상 및 3상 복합재의 실험결과와 비교한다. 2상 복합재의 경우 MEM이 충전재의 체적비 0.5 미만에서는 DEMM보다 잘 예측한다. 3상 복합재의 경우 모재 대비 큰 열전도계수비를 갖는 충전재의 체적비가 적은 경우 MEM이 잘 예측하나, 체적비가 증가할수록 DEMM이 잘 예측한다. 이 체적비가 두 모델의 예측결과에 결정적 영향을 주는 인자임이 변수들의 영향 연구를 통해 밝혀졌으며, Molina 등이 제안한 3상 복합재에 대해 MEM과 DEMM은 동등한 예측 수준을 보였다.