• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.491-494
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• 2000

Conductive Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films have recently attracted much interest from the viewpoint of ultrathin film conductors at the molecular level. The result shows that the Maxwell-displacement-current(MDC) measuring technique is useful in the detection of phase-transition over the entire range of molecule areas. At the liquid-solid phase transition, a striking feature in the present current measurement was observed; the I-A isotherm for a DPPC monolayer has sharp bend. Dynamic behavior of monolayers in the presence of an external field was also investigated using the current-measuring technique. Dynamic behavier of DPPC monolayer was measured by displacement current when the molecules are stimulated by pressure velocity. As result, it is known that current is generated of higher current pe마 as compression velocity become faster. Also, in order to clarify the reorganization of the lipid monolayers, it is instructive to plot the relationship between I and 1/$A^2$.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between trunk stabilization muscle activation and the parameters of gait analysis in healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (15 male, 15 female) with no history of lower back pain (LBP) or current musculoskeletal and neurological injuries were studied. Trunk stabilization muscle activation (e.g., external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, erector spinae) were assessed using surface electromyography. To analyze gait, we measured temporal parameters (e.g., gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase) and a spatial parameter (e.g., H-H base of support). Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between the internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and erector spinae muscle activity and gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase. No statistically significant correlation was found between the external oblique muscle activity and the gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase. No statistically significant correlation was found between the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and erector spinae muscle activity and the spatial parameter. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a relationship exists between trunk stabilization muscle activation and temporal parameter (i.e., gait velocity, single support phase, double support phase, swing phase, and stance phase) during gait analysis. Therefore, the trunk's stabilizer muscles play an important role in the gait of healthy individuals.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.589-601
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• 2018

This study explored the internal world through sandplay therapy for an elementary school boy who had social and emotional difficulties of poor peer relations, anxiety and withdrawal. This study examined the changing processes of sandboxes, how a boy expressed his internal world by the content themes in sandplay according to Turner (2009) based on analytical psychology and sandplay theories. There were 72 sessions. The initial phase was 1-6 (The beginning of war) expressing confusing wars as the start of a long internal journey. The intermediate phase was 7-55 (Struggle), dividing by phase I 7-18 (Hero's fight I), phase II 19-36 (Hero's fight II), phase III 37-48 (Seeking for a male identity), and phase IV 49-55 (Centering). The client identified himself as a teenaged hero and expressed the conflict between good and bad, between death and rebirth and struggled for seeking treasures in the fight of heroes. He found identity as a male by finding a sense of existence, establishing order in the middle of confusion, and expressing strong and rational masculinity. The final phase was 56-72 (The winner of the struggle). In the fights repeating, he expressed an adventurous and positive male energy such as racing, speed contests and a union in the opposites of hero and heroine as well as the birth of a new conscious. This study provides a basic knowledge of educational guidance in school and counseling fields by expanding the understanding of a boy's unconsciousness.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.9
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• pp.1317-1320
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• 2014

In case of using three-phase induction motor in three-phase power system, if he deficiency happens in phase among three-phase, the motor will drive in an open phase state. As to the motor, the continuing operation is possible then, but the phenomenon that the power supply stops happening by the result of the overload electricity order on the healthy phase of two phases with a damage and activating the circuit breaker. Consequently, in order to overcome this problem in treatise accordingly. I propose an uninterruptible power supply which is able to prevent that the over current on the health phase through the restoration that in case happening open phase on the power line when driving the motor. Also, it is possible to supply power consecutively without interruption of electric power and we proved the performance and reliability through an experiment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.428-432
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• 1994

The crystals of ${\beta}-and\;{\beta}'-(ET)_2ICl_2$ have a modified structure of organic superconductor ${\beta}(ET)_2I_3$. These salts possess strictly different physical properties : the ${\beta}$ phase is a metal but the ${\beta}'$ phase is a semiconductor. Our band electronic structure calculations show that the ${\beta}$ phase is somewhat anisotropic 2D metal and the ${\beta}'$ phase with the 1D character in electronic structure is magnetic insulating, in good agreement with experimental indications.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

Background: Nefopam, a non-opiate analgesic, has been regarded as a substance that reduces the requirement for morphine, but conflicting results have also been reported. The inhibition of monoamine reuptake is a mechanism of action for the analgesia of nefopam. The spinal cord is an important site for the action of monoamines however, the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal nefopam was not clear. This study was performed to examine the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal (i.t.) nefopam and the pattern of pharmacologic interaction with i.t. morphine in the formalin test. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an i.t. catheter, and were randomly treated with a vehicle, nefopam, or morphine. Formalin was injected into the hind-paw 10 min. after an i.t. injection of the above experiment drugs. After obtaining antinociceptive $ED_{50}$ of nefopam and morphine, the mixture of nefopam and morphine was tested for the antinociceptive effect in the formalin test at a dose of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 of $ED_{50}$, or $ED_{50}$ of each drug followed by an isobolographic analysis. Results: Intrathecal nefopam significantly reduced the flinching responses in both phases of the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner. Its effect, however, peaked at a dose of $30{\mu}g$ in phase 1 (39.8% of control) and $10{\mu}g$ during phase 2 (37.6% of control). The isobolograhic analysis indicated an additive interaction of nefopam and morphine during phase 2, and a synergy effect in antinociception during phase 1. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that i.t. nefopam produces an antinociceptive effect in formalin induced pain behavior during both phases of the formalin test, while interacting differently with i.t. morphine, synergistically during phase 1, and additively during phase 2.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Objectives : The cancer incidence and cancer burden is increasing. In addition, the use of botanical agents in cancer care is increasing. This article aims to review a research strategy for botanical agents. Methods : The clinical studies of anticancer botanical agents and the papers about clinical research methodology of botanical agents were reviewed. Results : In phase I study, safety confirmation, optimal dose determination and drug interaction study are important. Most botanical agents have low toxicity and some have non-monotone dose response. Therefore, dose-response curve must be evaluated separately from the dose-toxicity curve to determine optimal dose. Although anticancer botanical agents can't shrink tumor size rapidly, they do extend survival. So, in phase II study, response should be evaluated by the survival. Conclusions : Clinical research of botanical agents in cancer is different from traditional methods and strategies. Considering the characteristics of botanical agents and experimental mechanism is necessary in conducting botanical based clinical trials.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2003

Objective: To evaluate the difference of implantation rate (IR) and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) between two protocols of endometrial preperation in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods: This study was performed during the different time periods: A retrospective study from January 2000 to June 2001 (phase I) and a prospective study from July 2001 to March 2002 (phase II). All the patients received estradiol valerate (6 mg p.o. daily) starting from day 1 or 2 of the menstrual cycle without pituitary down regulation. Progesterone was administered around day 14 after sonographic confirmation of endometrial thickness $\geq$7 mm and no growing follicle. In Group A (n=88, 99 cycles) of phase I, progesterone was administered i.m. at a dose of 50 mg daily from one day prior to thawing of pronuclear (PN) stage frozen embryo or three days prior to thawing of 6-8 cell stage frozen embryo and then each stage embryos were trasnsferred 2 days or 1 day later after thawing. In Group B (n=246, 299 cycles) of phase I, patients recieved progesterone 100 mg i.m. from one day earlier than group A; two days prior to PN embryo thawing, four days prior to of 6-8 cell embryo thawing. During the phase II, to exclude any differences in embryo transfer procedures, in Group 1 (n=23, 28 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who have used the progesterone protocol since the phase I. In Group 2 (n=122, 139 cycles) of phase II embryo was transfered by one who use the progesterone protocol from the phase II. Results: When compared across the phase and group, there were no significant differences in the characteristics. During the phase I, there were significant increase in IR (14.4% vs 5.9%, p=0.001) and CPR (28.3% vs 14.5%, p=0.000) in group A. During the phases II, IR (11.8% vs 10.6%) and CPR (27.6% vs 27.3%) show no differences between two groups. Conclusions: In FET cycles, IR and CPR are increased significantly by the change of dosage and timing of progesterone administraton. And the timing is considered to be more important factor because the dosage of progesterone did not affect implantation window in previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that progesterone administration in FET cycle should begin from one day prior to PN stage embryo thawing and three days prior to 6-8 cell stage embryo thawing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.568-578
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93±0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2007

ASM No. 1 is a very useful model to analyze wastewater treatment system removing organic carbon and nitrogen material. But it isn't adequate to control the wastewater treatment system with real time since it has many material divisions and parameters. So, the purpose of this study is the simplification of ASM No. 1 to control the wastewater treatment system. ASM No. 1 was changed with the model which has 3 material divisions(COD, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$) and two phases(Aerobic and Anoxic condition). SBR was running with two phases(Phase I and II). Phase II running 20 minutes with aerobic time was used for deciding model parameters and Phase I running 12 minutes with aerobic time was used for proving the simplified model. The simplified model was compared with ASM No. 1 using data of Phase I and II. As a result of model comparison, the simplified model has enough ability to express the variation of $NH_4{^+}$ compound.