• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.33
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• pp.31-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this article is to study on the Daesoon Cosmology of the Correlative Relation between Mugeuk and Taegeuk. Daesoon cosmology is a cosmology based on the juxtaposition between the Gucheon Sangje and the world. In this article, I would like to say that this theory in Daesoon Thought was developed in three stages: the phase of the Mugeuk Transcendence of Gucheon Sangje, the stage of the Taegeuk Immanence, and the phase of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk as a correlative gentle reign. First of all, the phase of the Mugeuk Transcendence of Gucheon Sangje has been revealed as a yin-yang relationship. The stage of the Taegeuk Immanence represents the togetherness of harmony and co-prosperity between yin and yang, and the phase of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mukeuk and Taegeuk refers to the unshakable accomplishment of its character and energy. It will be said that this is due to the practical mechanism in the correct balance of yin-yang making a four stage cycle of birth, growth, harvest, and storage. In addition, the Daesoon stage of the settlement of yin and yang is revealed as a change in the growth of all things and the formation of the inner circle. The mental growth reveals the characteristics of everything in the world, each trying to shine at the height of their own respective life as they grow up energetically. The dominant culture of cerebral communion renders a soft and elegant mood and combines yin and yang to elevate the heavenly and earthly period through transcendental change into sympathetic understanding. The stage of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk is one of the earliest days of the lunar month and also the inner circle of Taegeuk. It is in line with Ken Wilbur's integrated model as a step to the true degrees to develop into a world with brightened degrees. It is a beautiful and peaceful scene where celestial maidens play music, the firewood burns, and the scholars command thunder and lightning playfully. Human beings achieve a state of happiness as a free beings who lives as gods upon the earth. This is the world of theGrand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk. Daesoon Thought was succeeded by Dojeon in 1958, when Dojeon emerged as the successor in the lineage of religious orthodoxy and was assigned the task of handling Dao in its entirety. In addition, Daesoon is a circle and represents freedom and commonly shared happiness among the populous. Cosmology in the Daesoon Thought will enable us to understand deep dimensions and the identity of members as individuals within an inner circle of correlation between transcendence and immanence. This present study tries to analyze the public effects philologically and also the mutual correlation by utilizing the truthfulness of literature and rational interpretation. The outlook for the future in Daesoon Thought also leads to the one-way communication of Daesoon as a circle.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

A theoretical $CO_2$ storage capacity is estimated on the southwestern continental shelf margin of Ulleung Basin, offshore Korea using 2D/3D multi-channel seismic and wellbore data acquired in the area over the two decades since the late 1980s. For the first time in Korea, the present study applies an efficiency factor to the capacity calculation, together with the other required parameters. For possible $CO_2$ storage volume estimation of the study area, we interpreted the seismic data in the Gorae area from 800 m to 3,000 m below the seafloor integrated with the well data, and identified five different seismic units; the limited depth interval is considered because of fluid state of $CO_2$ and tightness of the formation. The total volumes of each seismic unit were converted with a time-depth relation inferred from the checkshot surveys before the other required parameters including porosity and density were applied to compute the potential storage capacity. The accumulated possible storage volume from the five depositional units in the study area is estimated to be approximately 5,100 Mton ($P_{50}$). The approaches made in this study will be applied to the rest area of the basin and other continental shelves (i.e., Yellow Sea and northern part of East China Sea) in the next phase.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.556-562
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• 2009

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar means that the molar erupts out of the normal position and is arrested in its eruption by the second primary molar. This local eruption disturbance results in a premature atypical resorption on the distal part of the second primary molar. In most irreversible cases, the second primary molar is lost prematurely, either by spontaneous exfoliation or by extraction, In cases of doubt as to whether the eruption is of the irreversible type or not, careful radiographic observation period for a few months would be valuable in evaluating the possibilities of the tooth's freeing itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and occurrence of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar. A descriptive, observational, retrospective study was done using the radiographs of 25 conseutive patients, who were in the first phase of mixed dentition. A method was designed to evaluate the amount of pathologic resorption of the second maxillary primary molar and the mesial angulation of the first permanent molar. The study showed that the most important etiologic factor was the eruption path or mesial angulation of the first permanent molars relative the chosen reference lines.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of two different kicks, the drop kick and the punt kick, into the kicking motion, through the kinetic comparative analysis of the kicking motion, which is conducted when one kicks a soccer goal. To grasp kinetic changing factors, which is performed by individual's each body segment, I connected kicking motions, which were analyzed by a two dimension co-ordination, into the personal computer to concrete the digits of it and smoothed by 10Hz. Using the smoothed data, I found a needed kinematical data by inputting an analytical program into the computer. The result of comparative analysis of two kicking motions can be summarized as below. 1. There was not a big difference between the time of the loading phase and the time of the swing phase, which can affect the exact impact and the angle of balls aviation direction. 2. The two kicks were not affected the timing and the velocity of the kicking leg's segment. 3. In the goal kick motion, the maximum velocity timing of the kicking leg's lower segment showed the following orders: the thigh(-0.06sec), the lower leg(-0.05sec), the foot(-0.018sec) in the drop kick, and the thigh(-0.06sec), the lower leg(-0.05sec), the foot(-0.015sec) in the punt kick. It showed that whipping motion increases the velocity of the foot at the time of impact. 4. At the time of impact, there was not a significant difference in the supporting leg's knee and ankle. When one does the punt kick, the subject spreads out his hip joint more at the time of impact. 5. When the impact performed, kicking leg's every segment was similar. Because the height of the ball is higher in the punt kick than in the drop kick, the subject has to stretch the knees more when he kicks a ball, so there is a significant affect on the angle and the distance of the ball's flying. 6. When one performs the drop kick, the stride is 0.02m shorter than the punt kick, and the ratio of height of the drop kick is 0.05 smaller than the punt kick. This difference greatly affects the center of the ball, the supporting leg's location, and the location of the center of gravity with the center of the ball at the time of impact. 7. Right before the moment of the impact, the center of gravity was located from the center of the ball, the height of the drop kick was 0.67m ratio of height was 0.37, and the height of the punt kick was 0.65m ratio of height was 0.36. The drop kick was located more to the back 0.21m ratio of height was 0.12, the punt kick was located more to the back 0.28m ratio of height was 0.16. 8. There was not a significant difference in the absolute angle of incidence and the maximum distance, but the absolute velocity of incidence showed a significant difference. This difference is caused from that whether players have the time to perform of not; the drop kick is used when the players have time to perform, and punt kick is used when the players launch a shifting attack. 9. The surface reaction force of the supporting leg had some relation with the approaching angle. Vertical reaction force (Fz) showed some differences in the two movements(p<0.05). The maximum force of the right and left surface reaction force (Fx) didn't have much differences (p<0.05), but it showed the tendency that the maximum force occurs before the peak force of the front and back surface (Fy) occurs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2009

In this study, we suggest an empirical forecast of CIR (Corotating Interaction Regions) and geomagnetic storm based on the information of coronal holes (CH). For this we used CH data obtained from He I $10830{\AA}$ maps at National Solar Observatory-Kitt Peak from January 1996 to November 2003 and the CIR and storm data that Choi et al. (2009) identified. Considering the relationship among coronal holes, CIRs, and geomagnetic storms (Choi et al. 2009), we propose the criteria for geoeffective coronal holes; the center of CH is located between $N40^{\circ}$ and $S40^{\circ}$ and between $E40^{\circ}$ and $W20^{\circ}$, and its area in percentage of solar hemispheric area is larger than the following areas: (1) case 1: 0.36%, (2) case 2: 0.66%, (3) case 3: 0.36% for 1996-2000, and 0.66% for 2001-2003. Then we present contingency tables between prediction and observation for three cases and their dependence on solar cycle phase. From the contingency tables, we determined several statistical parameters for forecast evaluation such as PODy (the probability of detection yes), FAR (the false alarm ratio), Bias (the ratio of "yes" predictions to "yes" observations) and CSI (critical success index). Considering the importance of PODy and CSI, we found that the best criterion is case 3; CH-CIR: PODy=0.77, FAR=0.66, Bias=2.28, CSI=0.30. CH-storm: PODy=0.81, FAR=0.84, Bias=5.00, CSI=0.16. It is also found that the parameters after the solar maximum are much better than those before the solar maximum. Our results show that the forecasting of CIR based on coronal hole information is meaningful but the forecast of goemagnetic storm is challenging.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.57-78
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• 2020

With the development of the Internet, consumers have had an opportunity to check product information easily through E-Commerce. Product reviews used in the process of purchasing goods are based on user experience, allowing consumers to engage as producers of information as well as refer to information. This can be a way to increase the efficiency of purchasing decisions from the perspective of consumers, and from the seller's point of view, it can help develop products and strengthen their competitiveness. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to understand the overall assessment and assessment dimensions of the products that I think are important in reading the vast amount of product reviews offered by E-Commerce for the products consumers want to compare. This is because product reviews are unstructured information and it is difficult to read sentiment of reviews and assessment dimension immediately. For example, consumers who want to purchase a laptop would like to check the assessment of comparative products at each dimension, such as performance, weight, delivery, speed, and design. Therefore, in this paper, we would like to propose a method to automatically generate multi-dimensional product assessment scores in product reviews that we would like to compare. The methods presented in this study consist largely of two phases. One is the pre-preparation phase and the second is the individual product scoring phase. In the pre-preparation phase, a dimensioned classification model and a sentiment analysis model are created based on a review of the large category product group review. By combining word embedding and association analysis, the dimensioned classification model complements the limitation that word embedding methods for finding relevance between dimensions and words in existing studies see only the distance of words in sentences. Sentiment analysis models generate CNN models by organizing learning data tagged with positives and negatives on a phrase unit for accurate polarity detection. Through this, the individual product scoring phase applies the models pre-prepared for the phrase unit review. Multi-dimensional assessment scores can be obtained by aggregating them by assessment dimension according to the proportion of reviews organized like this, which are grouped among those that are judged to describe a specific dimension for each phrase. In the experiment of this paper, approximately 260,000 reviews of the large category product group are collected to form a dimensioned classification model and a sentiment analysis model. In addition, reviews of the laptops of S and L companies selling at E-Commerce are collected and used as experimental data, respectively. The dimensioned classification model classified individual product reviews broken down into phrases into six assessment dimensions and combined the existing word embedding method with an association analysis indicating frequency between words and dimensions. As a result of combining word embedding and association analysis, the accuracy of the model increased by 13.7%. The sentiment analysis models could be seen to closely analyze the assessment when they were taught in a phrase unit rather than in sentences. As a result, it was confirmed that the accuracy was 29.4% higher than the sentence-based model. Through this study, both sellers and consumers can expect efficient decision making in purchasing and product development, given that they can make multi-dimensional comparisons of products. In addition, text reviews, which are unstructured data, were transformed into objective values such as frequency and morpheme, and they were analysed together using word embedding and association analysis to improve the objectivity aspects of more precise multi-dimensional analysis and research. This will be an attractive analysis model in terms of not only enabling more effective service deployment during the evolving E-Commerce market and fierce competition, but also satisfying both customers.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.258-279
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of secondary earth science teachers' knowledge about the currents of the East Sea through drawing of a schematic map of oceanic currents. For this purpose, thirty two earth science teachers participated in the six-hour long training of learning and practice related to ocean current schematic map. The teacher participants performed drawing of the ocean current schematic map of the East Sea in three different phases, i.e.; pre-, post-, and delayed-post phase. In addition, all the maps conducted by participants were converted to digitalized image data. Detailed analysis were performed to investigate participating teachers' knowledge about the currents of the East Sea. Findings are as follows: First, the teacher participants have background knowledge about the ocean current map, but it reveals an incorrect knowledge about some concepts. Second, after teacher training, teachers' knowledge increased about the East Sea's currents, while a decrease was found in the differences between individual teachers' knowledge. This pattern was more evident in the delayed-post phase of drawing than in the post-phase occurred immediately after training. Third, the teacher participants were strongly aware of the need to improve the ocean current schematic map of the East Sea in science textbook in terms of scientific knowledge. In addition, they showed a high level of satisfaction about teacher training because they perceived that it was meaningful in various aspects; recognizing the importance of content knowledge and conjunction with instructional strategies, the needs of secondary science curriculum, and recognition of the nature of scientific knowledge. The results imply that teachers' subject matter knowledge plays a significant role to make science teaching effective.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2007

In this study, hatched male broiler chicks(Ross) were fed on a basal diet and LPS was administered via intraperitoneal injection three times every other day, on the 9th, 11th and 13th days of the experiment, and then PBMC and splenocytes were isolated on day 14. The degree of alama blue reduction was evaluated at 4, 24, 48, 96 and 120 h in the splenocytes, and at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h for PBMC of incubation after the addition of alama blue solution to the media. The cell numbers used in this experiment were 103, 104 and 105 cells per well, and the con A levels were 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 ㎍ per ml of medium. 1. The degree of alama blue reduction was found to increase in a linear fashion with increasing incubation time and cell numbers, for both splenocytes and PBMC. 2. During acute phase response, the degree to which alama blue was reduced was significantly elevated (p<0.05) at an incubation time of 24 hr for the splenocytes, 4 hr for PBMC, and a cell number of 105 cells per well, respectively. 3. The raised reduction of alama blue to control was linear with Con A levels in medium, and higher reduction in Con A 10.0 ㎍ relative to 1.0 or 5.0 ㎍ in ml medium was shown 4. The medium with autologous serum evidenced a significantly (p<0.05) higher reduction of alama blue relative to FBS. 5. Splenocytes and PBMC from the LPS-injected birds evidenced significantly higher levels of alama blue reduction regardless of incubation time, number of cells, level of Con A added, or serum type, as compared with what was observed in normal birds. The results indicated that the assay conditions for proliferative activity using the alama blue method in birds in which the acute phase response had been activated via intraperitoneal LPS injection requires 4 hrs of incubation for PBMC, 24 hrs of incubation for splenocytes, and 10㎍ of Con A per ml of medium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

In this study, the various organic supports (i.e., silicone, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, epoxy, and, butadiene rubber) with great sorption capacity of organic contaminants were chosen to develop nano-ZnO/organic composites (NZOCs) and to prevent the detachment of nano-ZnO particles. The water resistance of the developed NZOCs were evaluated, and the feasibility of the developed NZOCs were investigated by evaluating the removal efficiency of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (TCE) in the aqueous phase. Based on the results from water-resistance experiments, long-term water treatment usage of all NZOCs was found to be feasible. According to the FE-SEM, EDX, and imaging analysis, nano-ZnO/butadiene rubber composite (NZBC) with various sizes and types of porosity and crack was measured to be coated with relatively homogeneously-distributed nano-ZnO particles whereas nano-ZnO/silicone composite (NZSC), nano-ZnO/ABS composite (NZAC), and nano-ZnO/epoxy composite (NZEC) with poorly-developed porosity and crack were measured to be coated with relatively heterogeneously-distributed nano-ZnO particles. The sorption capacity of NZBC was close to 60% relative to the initial concentration, and this result was mainly attributed to the amorphous structure of NZBC, hence the hydrophobic partitioning of TCE to the amorphous structure of NZBC intensively occurred. The removal efficiency of TCE in aqueous phase using NZBC was close to 99% relative to the initial concentration, and the removal efficiency of TCE was improved as the amount of NZBC increased. These results stemmed from the synergistic mechanisms with great sorption capability of butadiene rubber and superior photocatalytic activities of nano-ZnO. Finally, the removal efficiency of TCE in aqueous phase using NZBC was well represented by linear model ($R^2{\geq}0.936$), and the $K_{app}$ values of NZBC were from 2.64 to 3.85 times greater than those of $K_{photolysis}$, indicating that butadiene rubber was found to be the suitable organic supporting materials with enhanced sorption capacity and without inhibition of photocatalytic activities of nano-ZnO.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 1999

The Ag-Pd-Cu alloys containing a small amount of Au is commonly used for dental purposes, because this alloy cheaper than Au-base alloys for clinical use. However, the most important characteristic of this alloy is age-hardenability, which is not exhibited by other Ag-base dental alloys. The specimens used were Ag-30Pd-10Cu ternary alloy and Au addition alloy. These alloys were melted and casted by induction electric furnace and centrifugal casting machine in Ar atmosphere. These specimens were solution treated for 2hr at $800^{\circ}C$ and were then quenched into iced water, and aged at 350-$550^{\circ}C$ Age-hardening characteristic of the small Au-containing Ag-Pd-Cu dental alloys were investigated by means of hardness testing, X-ray diffraction and electron microscope observations, electrical resistance, differential scanning calorimetric, energy dispersed spectra and electron probe microanalysis. Principal results are as follows ; Maximum hardening occured in two co-phases of ${\alpha}_2$ + PdCu In stage II, decomposition of the $\alpha$ solid solution to a PdCu ordered phase($L1_o$ type) and an Ag-rich ${\alpha}_2$ phase occurred and a discontinuous precipitation occurred at the grain boundary. From the electron microscope study, it was concluded that the cause of age-hardening in this alloy is the precipitation of the PdCu redered phase, which has AuCu I type face-centered tetragonal structure. Precipitation procedure was ${\alpha}{\to}{\alpha}_1+PdCu{\to}{\alpha}_2+PdCu$ at Pd/Cu = 3 Pd element of Ag-Pd-Cu alloy is more effective dental alloy on anti-corrosion and is suitable to isothermal ageing at $450^{\circ}C$.