• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency(VPI); the failure of velum, the lateral wall and the posterior pharyngeal wall to separate the nasal cavity from pharyngeal cavity during speech, can be caused by congenital conditions include cleft palate, submucous cleft palate and congenital palatal insufficiency. Speech problems of VPI are characterized by hypernasality, nasal air emission, increased nasal air flow and decreased intelligibility. These speech problems of VPI can be treated with the surgical procedure, the application of temporary prosthesis and speech therapy. Biofeedback technique with Nasometer is a speech treatment method of VPI that commonly used as one component of a comprehensive procedure for improvement of speech in patients with VPI. In this article describes a case of VPI treated by biofeedback technique with Nasometer; which showed satisfactory result in nasalance and formant analysis after the speech therapy during 9 months.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.sup1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2009

Pediatric dysphagia comes from disturbances in swallowing process, which has 'preparatory phase', 'oral phase', 'pharyngeal phase', and 'esophageal phase', and mainly the causes are neuro-muscular discoor-dination. It is necessary to recognize clinical manifestation if they have accompanied organic disorder and diagnose accurately. Videofluoroscopic study evaluation is a valuable method to find out abnormal swallowing mechanism at each phases. Treatment should be diagnosis specific, and multidisciplinary team approach is desirable. We can use various behavioral techniques to facilitate normal swallowing mechanism including conditioning of oral and pharyngeal structures, bolus manipulation, postural compensation, and adaptive feeding utensils. Important point is that the diagnosis and treatment for pediatric dysphagia should not be delayed because children are under development.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 2003

The purposes of this study are; to investigate the swallowing mechanism of stroke patients with different consistencies through the modified barium swallowing(MBS); and to establish preliminary data on the differences in swallowing durations. 4 different kinds of consistency-water, nectar, pudding, and crackers-were given to 6 stroke patients and their swallowing durations recorded through the fluoroscopy were measured in 1/100 second units. The results show that first swallowing time(FST), the oral preparatory duration(OPD), and the pharyngeal response duration(PRD) were delayed in swallowing thicker consistencies. However, water exhibited delayed oral and pharyngeal phase relative to its consistency and 50% of subjects showed oral loss of water. The relationship between consistencies and swallowing durations and the clinical issues on the stroke population were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

Intraoral prosthesis (Palatal Augmentation Prosthesis, PAP) may be used to augment swallowing function in patients with dysphagia. PAP can be used to recontour the dimensions of hard palate to fit the tongue following removal of oral cancer. Use of PAP can significantly improve the patient's ability to use the tongue to propel the bolus through the pharynx. The aim of this study is to show the effects of PAP through videofluoroscope in patients with dysphagia. The results were as follows: 1. A decrease in pharyngeal transit time was detected wearing with PAP. 2. Pharyngeal cross area was decreased wearing with PAP. 3. The results indicated PAP may effectively help lingual movement in patients with dysphagia.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.64-66
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• 2012

Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon congenital anomalies and commonly located in the mediastinum or lung parenchyma. Bronchogenic cyst in cervical area is rare and in posterior pharyngeal area is exteremely rare. Clinically, it is usually asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed. It is pathologically confirmed only when there are bronchial tissues such as pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, smooth muscle cells, mucous gland and/or cartilage. Since it has potential for malignant transformation and complication, complete excision is essential. We report a case of bronchogenic cyst located in the retropharyngeal space with a review of literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1995

The authors present the first human case of Clinostomum pharyngitis in Taegu, Korea. The patient was a 56-year old male who visited an otolarlngology clinic due to foreign body sensation and pain of the pharyngeal region for 3-4 days. He used to eat raw fresh-water fish. Otolaryngological examinations revealed a living worm adhered to the right posterior pharyngeal wall. The worm removed was identified as C. complonotum after morphological observations. It is likely that more attention should be paid to eating raw fresh-water fish in Korea siC regards to Clinostomunl pharyngitis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.457-473
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the morophological and positional correlation between the upper cervical vertebra, the oral structures and the pharyngeal tissues, and the correlation of these anatomical structures with dental features, such as teeth wear area nad tooth contact status, etc. Seventy patients with temporamandibular disorders and sixty three dental students without any signs and symptoms in head and neck region were selected for this study. All they had natural dentition without any fixed and removable protheses. Teeth wear area and arch width wre measured from the upper dental cast, tooth contact status were observed by T-Scan system$^\textregistered$ and four cephaloradiograpohs were taken from four head postures, namely, natural(NHP), forward(FHP), upward(UHP), and downward head postiure(DHP). 22 cephalometric items were measured on the films and the data were processed with SAS statistical program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In normal group, angle of cervical vertebra tangent and of between hard and soft palate were broader in female subjects than those in male subjacets, but distance from subocciput to axis, size of soft palate, and pharyngeal space width were larger in male subjects. 2. In normal group with natural head posture, the items correlated each others from the three anatomical regions were distance between first nad second vertebra in posterior part, distance from the lingual surface of lower anterior teeth to anterior surface of soft palate, and distance from the hyoid bone to third vertebra. 3. Three set of items showed significant correlation each other in the four head postures in normal group. First set was the angle between hard and soft palate and the idstance from subocciput to posterior arch of first vertebra, second set was the distance between first and second vertebra in posterior part and the teeth wear area, third set was number and force of tooth contact and length of soft palate and distance from anterior tip of hyoid bone to mandibular plane.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2001

Background and Objectives: As the laryngopharyngeal cancer is usually found at a advanced stage, it is difficult to get a wide surgical margin that preserves functional aspect and that is oncologically safe simultaneously. There were many operative technique to fulfill this principle, but none were satisfactory. Recently there were some reports about glottic and pharyngeal reconstruction using radial forearm free flap(RFFF) with palmaris longus tendon, which provided satisfactory oncologic and functional results. We attempted to perform this technique and to test usefulness at patients of laterally localized laryngopharyngeal tumor. Materials and Methods: Three patients were reconstructed glottis and pharynx using radial forearm free flap with palmaris longus tendon. Two hypopharyngeal cancer (T2N0M0) patients were performed wide vertical hemilaryngopharyngectomy and one supraglottic cancer(T2N0M0) patient was performed horizontovertical laryngopharyngectomy. Deglutitional function was evaluated with modified barium swallow and speech function was evaluated by speech pathologist. Results: Mean follow-up time was 29.3 months. There were no cancer recurrence. Their speech was satisfy-actory at social communication and oral feeding. They all have a complete oral nutrition from 26 days to 53 days. Decanulation time was from 71 days to 30 months. Conclusion: Glottic and pharyngeal reconstruction with radial forearm free flap could be accepted as a promising technique which offers a wide resection margin but satisfactory functional result in lateralized laryngohypopharyngeal cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

In this study we aim to extensively investigate the anti-influenza virus immune responses in human pharyngeal epithelial cell line (Hep-2) and evaluate the protective role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in seasonal influenza A H1N1 (sH1N1) infections in vitro. We first investigated the expression of the TLRs and cytokines genes in resting and sH1N1 infected Hep-2 cells. Clear expressions of TLR3, TLR9, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interferon (IFN)-${\beta}$ were detected in resting Hep-2 cells. After sH1N1 infection, a ten-fold of TLR3 and TLR9 were elicited. Concomitant with the TLRs activation, transcriptional expression of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\beta}$ were significantly induced in sH1N1-infected cells. Pre-treatment of cells with poly I:C (an analog of viral double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide) resulted in a strong reduction of viral and cytokines mRNA expression. The results presented indicated the innate immune response activation in Hep-2 cells and affirm the antiviral role of Poly I:C and CpG-ODN in the protection against seasonal influenza A viruses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.655-658
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• 2012

Squamous cell carcinoma infrequently occurs at the soft palate. Although various methods can be used for reconstruction of soft palate defects that occur after resecting squamous cell carcinoma, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results from the perspective of the functional restoration of the soft palate. A combination of bilateral palatal mucomuscular flap for the oral side and superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap for the nasal side were performed on two patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate in order to reconstruct the soft palate defects after surgical resection. After surgery, the patients were followed-up for a mean period of 11 months. The flaps were well maintained in both patients. The donor site defects were epithelialized and completely recovered. Additionally, no recurrence of the primary sites was shown. Slight hyponasality was observed in the voice assessments that were conducted 6 months after surgery. No food regurgitation or aspiration was observed in the swallowing tests. We used a combination of bilateral palatal mucomuscular flap and superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap to reconstruct the soft palate defects that occurred after resecting the squamous cell carcinomas. We reduced the donor site complications and achieved functionally satisfactory outcomes.