• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2010

We describe culture conditions for a high-efficiency in vitro regeneration system of Papaver nudicaule through somatic embryogenesis and secondary somatic embryogenesis. The embryogenic callus induction rate was highest when petiole explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) (36.7%). When transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)-free medium, 430 somatic embryos formed asynchronously from 90 mg of embryogenic callus in each 100-ml flask. Early-stage somatic embryos were transferred to MS medium containing 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ BA and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA to germinate at high frequency (97.6%). One-third-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose and 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ $GA_3$ had the highest frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos (91.2%). Over 90% of regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimated in the greenhouse. Secondary somatic embryos were frequently induced directly when the excised hypocotyls of the primary somatic embryos were cultured on MS medium without PGRs. Sucrose concentration significantly affected the induction of secondary embryos. The highest induction rate (89.5) and number of secondary somatic embryos per explant (9.3) were obtained by 1% sucrose. Most secondary embryos (87.2-94.3%) developed into the cotyledonary stage on induction medium. All cotyledonary secondary embryos were converted into plantlets both in liquid and on semisolid 1/3-strength MS medium with 1.0% sucrose.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.864-872
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• 2005

Various types of functional foods for health (FFH) are popularly used among adolescents. We surveyed 858 students, $15.0 \pm$ 1.6 (14-18) years of age, attending general junior or senior high schools in Korea for FFH use and significant variables for their FFH use including demographic characteristics, food consumption frequency and nutritional beliefs. The use prevalence of FFH was $47.8\%$, and among all types of FFH, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng products > enzyme containing products > plant extract-fermented products. FFH use was higher in older aged-group, subjects lived in small or middle city, and those from families with a high socioeconomic status in comparison to each corresponding group. Health concern on offsprings by parents and usage ratio of FFH by family was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH. Total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of FFH, and users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefit of FFH than did nonusers. Most users of FFH took FFH when they were healthy ($50.7\%$) , and they did not feel special effects through the FFH use ($57.1\%$) . Most users of FFH got the information on FFH through family and relatives ($61.5\%$) , and most of them purchased FFH at pharmacy or oriental medicine clinics ($55.1\%$) . FFH users preferred vitamin C-and Ca-supplements most among the vitamin mineral supplements belonged to FFH. Given the widespread use of FFH by adolescents, the reasonable use of these products for the contribution to their overall health and well-being is a subject that is emphasized in nutrition education for them. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10) : 864$\sim$872,2005)

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2019

Potatoes were first introduced outside the Andes region four centuries ago, and have become an integral part of much of the world's food. Potatoes were first introduced into Europe in the 16th century and Korea in the early 19th century. It is the world's fourth-largest crop, following rice, wheat, and maize. In the nutritional aspects, potatoes contain abundant vitamins and minerals, as well as an assortment of phytochemicals such as carotenoids and natural phenols. Chlorogenic acid constitutes up to 90% of potato natural phenols. Due to the high content of potato functional compounds, it has known that potatoes are effective in the prevention of various human diseases. Recently, potato 'Seohong' was developed by RDA, and it has reported that they have a high-yield and dry matter content. Processing industry of potato generates high amounts of peel as a byproduct. It was reported as a good source of several beneficial functional ingredients including antioxidant effect. This study was conducted to enhance the utilization of the peel of Potato 'Seohong'. The anti-inflammatory effects on solvent fraction was evaluated. The anti-inflammatory activities of Ethylacetate fraction was evaluated for inhibitory activities against lipopolysacchride (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cell lines. The fraction inhibitory activity for tests with $IC_{50}$ values showed in the ranges of $50{\mu}g/ml$. This result revealed that n-butanol fraction of 'Seohong's peel is expected to be good candidate for development into source of anti-inflammatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2020

Potatoes were first introduced outside the Andes region four centuries ago, and have become an integral part of much of the world's food. Potatoes were first introduced into Europe in the 16th century and Korea in the early 19th century. Potatoes have a short growing season, high production per unit area, relatively strong environmental adaptability, and are cultivated in more than 130 countries around the world. It is the world's fourth-largest crop, following rice, wheat, bean and maize. In the nutritional aspects, potatoes contain abundant vitamins and minerals, as well as an assortment of phytochemicals such as carotenoids and natural phenols. Due to the high content of potato functional compounds, it has known that potatoes are effective in the prevention of various human diseases. In particular, the potato contains a large amount of polar compounds, including the saponin in the polar compounds, and the physiological activity of the saponins, such as immunity enhancement, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory is known. In this study, the antioxidative activity of polar compounds from five potatoes was examined by cell based anti-oxidation assay. The smallest amount of ROS(Reactive oxygen species) was generated when the compound was derived from 'Haryung' and 'hongyoung' and strong SOD(Superoxide dismutase) activity was observed in 'Sumi' and 'Jayoung'. The results of this study reveal the antioxidative effect of polar compounds extracted from various kind of potatoes, which will enable the acquisition of new bioactive candidates and the establishment of new profit generation models for farmers

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2699-2705
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• 2014

This study was to undertaken to investigate the impacts of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms on the R273G mutation in exon 8 of the tumor suppressor p53 gene (TP53) among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposed to coke-oven workers. One hundred thirteen workers exposed to PAH and 82 control workers were recruited. We genotyped for polymorphisms in the AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and TP53 R273G mutation in blood by PCR methods, and determined the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene as PAH exposure marker in urine using the high pressure liquid chromatography assay. We found that the distribution of alcohol users and the urinary excretion of 1-OHP in the exposed workers were significantly higher than that of the control workers (p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). Significant differences were observed in the p53 genotype distributions of smoking subjects (p=0.01, 95%CI: 1.23-6.01) and PAH exposure (p=0.008, 95%CI: 1.24-4.48), respectively. Further, significant differences were observed in the p53 exon 8 mutations for the genetic polymorphisms of Lys/Arg for AhR (p=0.02, 95%CI: 0.70-15.86), Val/Val for CYP1A1 (p=0.04, 95%CI: 0.98-19.09) and null for GSTM1 (p=0.02, 95%CI: 1.19-6.26), respectively. Our findings indicated that polymorphisms of PAH metabolic genes, such as AhR, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphisms may interact with p53 genetic variants and may contribute to PAH related cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7105-7112
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated oxidative stress and tumor marker levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 136 coke oven workers and in 60 control subjects, and evaluated the correlation between oxidative stress and tumor marker levels. Questionnaires on basic demographic information were also administered. Significant differences in employment time and percentages of alcohol drinkers were observed between the control and exposed groups. PAH exposure was assessed using urinary 1-hydroxy-pyrene (1-OHP) levels and was found to be significantly higher in workers than in the controls. Significant differences (P<0.001) of MDA, GST, LDH, NSE, Cyfra21-1, and of SCC and TNF-a (P<0.0001 and P<0.05, P<0.001, respectively) levels were observed among controls and coke-oven workers, except for bottom coke oven workers. Associations between age and risk of increased TNF-a, smoking and increased GST activities, and drinking with increased MDA concentrations, were marginal (P=0.055, P=0.048, P=0.057, respectively). The association between smoking with MDA (P=0.004), NSE (P=0.005), SCC (P=0.004) andTNF-a (P<0.001), and drinking with TNF-a levels was significant (P=0.012). In addition, a significant positive correlation between oxidative stress and tumor markers was found in the present study. These results suggest that a synergistic increase of oxidative stress and tumor markers induced by PAHs may play a role in toxic responses for PAHs in coke oven workers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1722-1728
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• 2012

During the analyzing processes of the compounds, some researchers are puzzled by the analytical signals for some TSNAs (with or without splitting peaks at various pHs and temperatures). In this work, a detailed theoretical study of structural and thermal properties of the $E/Z$ isomers of TSNAs and the corresponding protonated structures was performed using DFT methods. The calculations showed that the $E$ isomers are almost stable than $Z$ isomers, while the $Z$ isomers would be more stable when in protonation. The calculated results predicted the possibility of separation of their $E$ and $Z$ isomer forms and also showed that protonation affects the dipole moment of molecules significantly (0.1-0.5 to 0.7-2.1 Debye). The calculations agreed well with the experiments that the split-up of the HPLC signal for TSNAs into two peaks are very sensitive to the pH and temperature of the mobile-phase.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2002

The role of the kidney in initiating hypertension has been much debated. The SA gene is expressed in the kidney and is association with hypertension in man and in experimental animal models. Also, increased plasma concentrations of homocysteine have been found in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. The genetic variation of methlene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is related to its enzyme activity and to the plasma homocysteine concentration. In view of the effect of SA and MTHFR as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, we investigated the Pst I RFLP of the SA gene and C667T mutation of the MTHFR gene in the Korean patients with hypertension. There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of these polymorphisms between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Therefore, our results do not support a possible role of these genes on hypertension in Korean population.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.272-279
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze health service utilization, and its related factors in low income families who earned half of the average Korean household income. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey study in which a nationwide randomization sampling technique was used. The data were collected from July 12 to August 7, 1999, and the total sample size was 5,819 individuals, belonging to 1.753 households. Results: 1) In the utilization of health services for the last 3months, the pharmacy was the type of service that was the most utilized (32.0%), and the health center was the one that was the least utilized (10.3%). About 29% (29.2%) of the respondents could not utilize the health service at all. and 19.8% of the respondents terminated their medical treatments half way to completion because of financial difficulty (89.4%). 2) Analysis of the data using logistic regression showed that living with spouse, level of education, occupation, and income had statistically significant effects on health service utilization. Conclusion: The parameters of health care policies are equity and efficacy for health status, and the health service utilization by low income families. The conclusive resolution for these is the improvement of public health centers for an increased utilization rate of their services.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves, stems, and roots of Acanthopanax senticosus growing wild in Mt. Deok-Yu was determined by GC and GC/MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-elemene\;(23.14%),\;{\beta}-elemene\;(5.59%),\;{\gamma}-cadinene\;(5.43%),\;and\;{\alpha}-bergamotene\;(28.54%)$ in the leaves, ${\alpha}-pinene\;(11.50%),\;{\delta}-elemene\;(17.62%),\;{\alpha}-bergamotene\;(27.21%)$, and bicycloheptane derivative (6.38%) in the stems, and ${\alpha}-pinene\;(21.90%)$, and (+)-aromadendrene (3.77%) in the roots.