• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Objectives This study was done to investigate the safety of Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the auther observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions I suggested that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

Objective: This study was done to investigate the safety of Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods: The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the author observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results: 1. After Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions: I suggested that Fel Ursi pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

Objective: This study was done to investigate the safety of Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods: The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the author observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results: 1. After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions: I suggested that Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2008

Objective This study was done to investigate the safety of Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration (2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the auther observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results 1. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solutionwas medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions I suggested that Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study is to study the effects of Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution on NO and IL-6 production in macrophage. Methods : At first, the RAW 264.7 macrophage was subclutured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay performed. Then, the cell was induced by LPS, INF-$\gamma$ and Experimental groups were divided into five(Normal, Control, Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum 100, 200, $300{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Then Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution was put into cell. We measured IL-6, iNOS, NO. Results : The cytotoxic effect of Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophage was not appeared. $300{\mu}g/m\ell$ Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution inhibited IL-6 production in LPS, INF-$\gamma$-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution inhibited iNOS revelation in LPS, INF-$\gamma$-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All group of Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution inhibited NO production in LPS, INF-$\gamma$-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly. Conclusions : Our study demonstrated that Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmacopuncture solution had an inhibition effect on NO production, iNOS revelation, IL-6 production. So Euonymi Lignum Suberatatum pharmaco puncture solution may have an Anti-inflammation effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

Objectives : Recently, Pharmacopuncture therapy has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Especially, we have been interested in chemical mediators concerned with inflammation such as prostaglandin, nitric oxide. The purpose of this study is investigated that the effect of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages, performed several experimental items : those are Prostaglandin $E_2$, Nitric Oxide and Cyclooxygenase-2. Methods : The cytotoxicity of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured by MTT assay. In order to observe cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, RT-PCR was used. Prostaglandin $E_2$ production and Nitric Oxide production was measured by nitric oxide detection kit and Prostaglandin $E_2$ assay kit. Results : 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that cytotoxic effect of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not appeared. 2. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. 3. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. 4. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited Prostaglandin $E_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, It was shown that Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution was able to inhibit the production of $PGE_2$ and NO, as well as COX-2 mRNA expression. Our results may provide new mechanism by which Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution accounts for its beneficial effect on accelerating wound healing and anti-inflammation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. To identify the use of it as eye drop, the eye irritation test of rabbits and the antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans were performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution is a nontoxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have antibacterial effects on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods: The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution was applied eyewash in the left eye of the rabbits, the author observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results: 1. After Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution was applied eyewash in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn t physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution was applied eyewash in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions: In this study, it was observed that Fel Ursi, Bovis Calculus & Moschus pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture on melanin production in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. Methods: To determine the effect of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution on B16/F10 cells, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. To observe B16/F10 cell growth, death, and morphological changes, Trypan blue solution was used. The Hosoi method was used to investigate the effect of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution on melanin production. The Martinez-Esparza method was used to investigate the effect of wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution on tyrosinase activity. To determine the pathway involved in the melanogenesis in cells exposed to wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution, a cell-free tyrosinase was used. Results: Following treatment with $200{\mu}L$ of wild ginseng solution, the cell survival rate was $76.32{\pm}2.45%$ which significantly decreased with higher concentrations (${\mu}L$) of wild ginseng (up to $200{\mu}L$). When $100{\mu}L$ of wild ginseng was used, the cell survival rate was $89.95{\pm}2.07%$. No morphological changes or abnormalities were observed in the B16/F10 murine melanoma cells as observed in the Trypan blue test. Melanin production was significantly reduced to $72.17{\pm}3.74%$ at $100{\mu}L$. Using $100{\mu}L$ of wild ginseng solution, tyrosinase activity was significantly decreased to $80.15{\pm}1.05%$. Wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution reduced melanin production both directly and indirectly. Conclusion: This study suggests that wild ginseng pharmacopuncture solution may be effective in inhibiting melanin production. Further studies are needed to determine safe and effective clinical applications.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.