• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.416.1-416.1
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• 2002

Biodegradable PLGA microspheres(MS) have been widely studied for delivering antigens because PLGA has the characteristics of various degradation rate. In general. since MS have shown potential for single-dose vaccines. the degradation rate of PLGA is determined by their molecular weight. polymer composition, etc. We studied the influences of molecular weight of PLGA. polymer composition and surfactant on in vitro release and in vivo effects. (omitted)

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.762-769
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• 2010

The composition of minerals and amino acids in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum tissues collected from different habitats in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak of the Korean Peninsula is investigated. The mineral composition of A. victorialis stem was high compared to that of bulb in all population samples. The most abundant mineral found in all the samples was potassium (K). The mineral composition was variable in garlic population of Ulleung Island in a habitat dependent manner. The A. victorialis stems and bulbs showed significant differences in their amino acid compositions according to varying habitats of Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambeak. Among the amino acids the most abundant amino acid in A. victorialis bulb tissue was arginine, followed by leucine and valine. The amino acids leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were abundant in stem tissues. The total amino acids of the A. victorialis stem tissue from Teawha pass peak sample (837 mg/100 g dry wt) were higher than the mean of other population samples (355-824 mg/100 g dry wt). However, content of amino acids in the bulb was high in A. victorialis from Nari basin (1,919 mg/100 g dry wt).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deformable liposomes with sodium cholate on the skin permeation and skin deposition of arbutin, a hydrophilic skin-whitening agent. Various compositions of liposomes were prepared by the extrusion method. Particle size distribution and entrapment efficiency were determined by the laser light scattering and the gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The in vitro rat skin permeation and deposition of arbutin in various skin layers were investigated using the Keshary-Chien diffusion cells at $37^{\circ}C$. The average particle size of the deformable liposomes ranged from 217.4 to 117.4 nm, depending on the composition. The entrapment efficiency was dependent on surfactant concentration and loading dose of arbutin. The permeation rate of 5% arbutin in deformable liposomes was $8.91({\pm}1.33){\mu}g/cm^2/h$, and was not significantly different from 5% arbutin aqueous solution $[9.82({\m}0.86){\mu}g/cm^2/h]$. The deposition of arbutin was $43.34({\pm}12.13)$ and $16.99({\pm}7.83){\mu}g/cm^2$ in stratum corneum layer and epidermis/dermis layer, respectively, after 12 h of permeation study. These results are consistent with several earlier studies for the localization effect of liposomal formulations in stratum corneum, and demonstrated the feasibility of the deformable liposomes as a promising carrier for the skin deposition of hydrophilic skin-whitening compounds.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.174.1-174.1
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.303.2-303.2
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• 2001

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of the glucosamine HCl (Glucosamine) and SH-1 (Glucosamine + Oriental herbal composition combined group). Male sprague-Dawley rats $(200{\sim}250g)$ and ICR mice $(20{\sim}30g)$ were randomized and these experimental groups were divided into 4 groups. Two control group were given as negative control (saline) and positive control (Ibuprofen, 100 mg/kg) and two groups given as oral administration of Glucosamine (320 m/kg) and SH-1. Carrageenan induced paw edema test, hot plate method, croton oil induced granuloma, capillary permeability test and acetic acid writhing syndrome were also shown to be comparable in the SH-1 group to anti-inflammatory drug group such as positive control group (Ibuprofen). Although further studies should be performed to confirm the effects of SH-1, present results suggest that the combined administration of SH-1 have potential action in anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. It could be applicable for the improvement of arthritic symptoms as a new diet-supplement.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sample preparation, HPLC conditions and peak measurement methods upon determining progesterone content of poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres. A series of the microspheres with different formulations was first prepared. To determine their actual drug contents, the microspheres were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and diluted with various amounts of methanol to precipitate the polymer. After removal of polymeric precipitates, the filtrates were subject to HPLC analysis under versatile experimental conditions. Interestingly, the composition of a sample solution (e.g., the ratio of methanol to tetrahydrofuran) affected the magnitudes of both peak fronting and peak broadening of progesterone. Its peak became broader and more asymmetrical at lower methanol:tetrahydrofuran ratios. Furthermore, its peak height was influenced by the proportion of tetrahydrofuran in a sample solution. Such problems encountered with tetrahydrofuran were exacerbated when a larger volume of the sample solution was injected onto an analytical column. Under our experimental conditions a peak area measurement provided more accurate and reliable determination of progesterone content in various microspheres than a peak height determination. Optimizing the composition of a sample solution, HPLC chromatographic conditions and peak analysis methods was a prerequisite to an accurate determination of progesterone encapsulated within microspheres.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1990

Ethylcellulose-PEG 4000 film coated on core tablets was investigated as a potential drug delivery system for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). The kinetic analysis of the release data indicated that CPM release followed a diffusion-controlled model, where the quantity released per unit area is proportional to the square root of time. The effect of the film composition, CPM concentration, plasticizer concentration and CPM solubility on the release characteristics were examined. The release rate constant increased as CPM concentration increased. It also increased as the PEG 4000 content in the film increased above 10%(w/w), however, it decreased as the PEG 4000 content increased in the concentration range below 10%(w/w). The release rate constant was not affected by the coated weight on the core tablet. The film-coated tablets which contain CPM only in the coated film layer seemed to be a potential oral drug delivery system for the controlled release of CPM.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.493-501
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the formulation of ketoconazole (KTZ), a BCS Class II drug with poor solubility. Ketoconazole, which is insoluble above pH 3, requires solubilization for effective delivery. This SNEDDS comprises oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, which spontaneously emulsify in the gastrointestinal tract environment to form nanoemulsions with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The optimal SNE-vehicle composition of oleic acid, TPGS, and PEG 400 at a 10:80:10 weight ratio was determined based on the smallest droplet size achieved. This composition was used to prepare liquid SNEDDS containing ketoconazole. The droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting liquid SNEDDS were analyzed. Subsequently, solid-SNEDDS was fabricated using a spray-drying method with solidifying carriers such as silicon dioxide, crospovidone, and magnesium alumetasilicate. The physicochemical properties of the solid-SNEDDS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, and its solubility, droplet size, and PDI were evaluated. In particular, the solid-SNEDDS containing ketoconazole and crospovidone in a 2:1 weight ratio exhibited significantly enhanced solubility, highlighting its potential for improved medication adherence and dissolution rates.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.333-345
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• 2024

This study aims to provide an overview of the research on the chemical composition, nutritional value, biological activities, and potential applications of Camellia oleifera seeds. Camellia oleifera Abel. (Theaceae) is a type of woody plant found in various regions, including China, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia. This plant is highly valued for its cooking oil, as the oil extracted from its seeds contains many unsaturated fatty acids (90%), mainly oleic acid (80%), and various biologically active compounds. Oil derived from C. oleifera seeds has been shown to possess numerous health benefits, such as reducing low-density lipoproteins cholesterol levels, preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and regulating blood pressure. Apart from its oil, the seeds of C. oleifera also contain remarkable biological compounds that offer additional health advantages. Despite these promising attributes, C. oleifera has yet to be widely recognized as a potential source of raw materials for pharmaceutical purposes. This lack of popularity and awareness has hindered further exploration of its pharmaceutical benefits and other uses. Through this article, we hope everyone can better understand this plant and have more practical applications in the future.