• 약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2003

Self-medication is a representative phenomenon in the domain of popular care, originated from perspective of medical pluralism and the pharmacy profession is said to be in the most appropriate position of health care professions to activate self-medication. As any healthcare reform impacts in a country, 2000 institutional separation between medicine and pharmacy implemented in Korea brought a lot of changes in behavior of drug use not only to physicians and pharmacists but also to consumers (patients). In this paper, the reality of self-medication since the institutional separation between medicine and pharmacy was analyzed, based on the empirical data which were collected by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2002. The major finding is that the domain of popular care including self-medication was significantly shrunk, while that of professional care was proportionally expanded. As a result, the following four points were strongly recommended for the purpose of promoting self-medication: i) upgrading the pharmacy education system from 4 year to 6 year level, ii) improvement of continuing education and introduction of GPP (Good Pharmacy Practice), iii) activating 'pharmacal encounter' (i.e., pharmacist-consumer relationship) and iv) promotion of socio-economic research activities and proactive participation in the international self-medication movement of pharmacists in Korea.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2014

Background: World Health Organization considers opioid analgesic use as an important measure in the treatment of pain relief. However, there are limited data about the pattern of opioid analgesic use in tertiary care hospitals in Korea. The aim of this study was to describe the trends in the prescribed amount of the opioid for 13 years from 2000 to 2012 in a single tertiary care hospital. Methods: The data from the prescribed amount of opioid use in patients aged over 18 years were retrieved from medical charts and longitudinal pharmacy records of Seoul National University Hospital. Yearly prescribed amount of opioids were calculated using defined daily dose adjusted by hospital stay (DDD/1000${\bullet}$HS). Results: Over the 13 years of the study period, overall use of opioid has increased by 64.1%. Although, the opioid use by hospitalized patients comprised 98%~99% of total amount of opioid use, the proportions of opioid use by outpatient and by cancer patient increased from 1.1% to 2.2% and from 60.5% to 69.3%, respectively. The use of non-injectable opioids has increased by 47% and that of injectables has increased by 70%. While the amount of codeine and morphine use has decreased, the use of both transdermal and injection formulation of fentanyl has increased dramatically. Also, the use of oxycodone has increased, especially in outpatient setting. Conclusion: This longitudinal study showed that opioid analgesic use in tertiary hospital, especially in outpatient is continuously increasing. Improvement in pain management in tertiary care hospital can be cautiously inferred based on this results.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2022

Background: Comprehensive medication management is essential to achieve safe and optimal drug use for the elderly in long-term care facilities (LTCF). This study aimed to develop eligibility criteria for "Comprehensive medication management program in LTCF" using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM). Furthermore, we attempted to estimate the number of beneficiaries who met the criteria by analyzing the National Health Insurance claims data. Methods: Twelve criteria were selected initially. We composed a panel of 14 experts with expertise in long-term care. We conducted two survey rounds to reach a consensus. Rating for appropriateness and decision regarding agreement were applied per RAM. We analyzed the National Health Insurance data to estimate the number of LTCF residents who met each eligibility criterion. Results: Of the 11 items agreed upon, ten items were determined to be appropriate. In 2018, 83.6% of 165,994 residents of LTCF met one or more eligibility criteria. The largest number of subjects met the "New residents of LTCF" criterion, followed by "Take high-alert drugs" and "Chronic excessive polypharmacy." Since the items evaluated as most appropriate by the expert panel and those with a large number of subjects were similar, we confirmed the external validity of our criteria. Conclusion: It is worth noting that this is the first attempt to establish the eligibility criteria for medication management in LTCF. Further preliminary research is needed to identify the selected subjects' drug-related problems and revise the criteria according to the results.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide the comparative study results for the purpose of the developing continuing professional educational systems for Korean pharmacists. The professional continuing educational systems of the UK, USA, Japan and Korea were analyzed. General Pharmaceutical Council in UK controls the pharmacy professions for the protection of the health of the citizens in UK and certifies the schools of pharmacy and the continuing education providers. The USA and Japan have the several accreditation bodies for the pharmacy education and the continuing pharmaceutical education. However, the quality assurance systems in Korea for the continuing education and specialty programs are not implemented, yet. The renewal system of the pharmacist license should be introduced like the health care providers like doctors to improve professionalism. Finally, it is recommended that all of these things should be done by a single administrative authority such as Korean Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.5-30
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• 2005

세계화는 제약정책에 모순적인 영향을 미친다. 세계화에 따른 '국민적 경쟁국가'로의 변화는 약제비 절감 정책을 강화하는 한편 다국적 제약자본의 영향에 의한 WTO TRIPS 협정은 신약에 대한 특허 보호를 강화하여 약제비를 증가시킨다. 현재 다국적 제약자본의 이해를 반영하는 초국적 기구(예로, 유럽연합)가 산업적 목표 때문에 국민국가 제약정책에 규제를 가함으로써 국민국가의 약제비 절감 정책의 자율성이 침해당하고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라도 예외는 아니다. 1990년대 후반까지 우리나라 제약정책의 특징은 성장제일주의 이데올로기에 의한 원가수준의 약제비 통제 정책이었으며 이는 우리나라의 고유한 발전국가적 정책수단이었다. 그러나 세계화로 인한 다국적 제약자본의 힘의 강화는 우리나라 제약정책 자율성을 침해하고 있다. 값비싼 수입의약품은 건강보험 급여 목록에서 제외되었으나 미국 정부의 오랫동안의 압력에 의해 1999년부터 수입의약품도 건강보험 급여 목록에 등재되었다. 또한 의약분업 실시 이후 값비싼 고가약 사용이 증가하자 건강보험 재정절감 차원에서 참조가격제 도입 방안이 마련되었으나 미국 정부 및 다국적 제약회사의 압력에 의해 제도 실시가 유보되어졌다. 뿐만 아니라 미국 정부의 압력에 의해 우리나라 보건의료정책 결정 과정에 영향을 미치는 워킹그룹이 만들어지게 되었다. 지금까지 세계화와 관련된 논의들은 주로 세계화에 따른 국민적 경쟁국가로의 변화가 복지지출을 축소시켰는가에 관한 것들이었다. 그러나 본 연구는 세계화가 약제비 절감정책을 통해 보건의료비 지출을 감소시킨 측면 뿐만 아니라 세계화가 민간영리 복지서비스 제공자인 다국적 제약자본의 힘을 강화시켜 복지지출을 증가시키는 측면에도 주목하였다. 본 연구는 세계화가 일국의 제약정책에 미치는 모순적인 측면에 주목하면서 이 모순이 어떻게 다국적 제약자본의 이해로 관철되는지를 우리나라의 사례를 통해 살펴보았다.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2010

Appropriate drug information is essential in pharmaceutical care practice. In recent years, educating patients with their prescription and drug therapy is becoming an increasingly important aspect of health care. Appropriate drug information has been shown to improve patients' adherence to their medication and the results of pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this study was to study patients' sources of drug information and their preferences in Korea. This study was a 11-questionnaire survey conducted from February 8, 2010 to February 25, 2010. Major sources of drug information used by respondents, proportions of respondents who received drug information on administration, dosage, indication, or warnings and precautions, sources of drug information which patients prefer, and the reasons of their preferences were studied. Of the 303 respondents, the most common sources of drug information were pharmacists (29.7%), doctors (23.8%), and the Internet (17.2%). There were significant differences according to sources of drug information in proportions of respondents who received drug information on administration, dosage, indication, or warnings and precautions. Patients preferred pharmacists as a drug information source the most (38.9%), and the reasons were reliability (72.0%) and easy to use (28.0%). Based on the results of this study, further studies should be conducted to establish the best way to provide appropriate drug information for patients and improve the results of pharmacotherapy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

S-methyl-$\small{L}$-methionine (SMM), also known as vitamin U, is commercially available as skin care cosmetic products for its wound healing and photoprotective effects. However, the low skin permeation expected of SMM due to its hydrophilic nature with a log P value of -3.3, has not been thoroughly addressed. The purpose of this study thus was to evaluate the effect of skin permeation enhancers on the skin permeation/deposition of SMM. Among the enhancers tested for the in vitro skin permeation and deposition of SMM, oleic acid showed the most significant enhancing effect. Moreover, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol further enhanced in vitro permeation and deposition of SMM through hairless mouse skin. Furthermore, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol significantly increased the in vivo deposition of SMM in the epidermis/dermis for 12 hr, which was high enough to exert a therapeutic effect. Therefore, based on the in vitro and in vivo studies, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol was shown to be effective in improving the topical skin delivery of SMM, which may be applied in the cosmetic production process for SMM.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

MRA1997 is a highly conserved protein from mycobacterial strains. However, no structural and functional information is associated with it. Thus, to obtain details about structure and function of this protein, we have utilized NMR spectroscopy. The recombinant MRA1997 was highly purified and its DNA binding mode was characterized. The tertiary structure of MRA1997 was modeled on the basis of our NMR chemical shift data combined with the webserver CS23D. The binding of MRA1997 with DNA was first monitored by electrophoresis mobility shift assays. The residues involved in DNA binding are identified using NMR chemical shift perturbation experiments. Based on our study, we suggest that MRA1997 interacts with DNA and may play an important role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

HP0062 is an 86 residue hypothetical protein from Helicobacter pylori strain 26695. HP0062 was identified ESAT-6/WXG100 superfamily protein based on structure and sequence alignment and also contains leucine zipper domain sequence. Here, we report the sequence-specific backbone resonance assignment of HP0062. About 97.7% of all $^1H_N,\;^{15}N,\;^{13}C_{\alpha},\;^{13}C_{\beta}\;and\;^{13}C=O$ resonances were assigned unambiguously. We could predict the secondary structure of HP0062 by analyzing the deviation of the $^{13}C_{alpha}\;and\;^{13}C_{\beta}$ chemical shifts from their respective random coil values. Secondary structure prediction shows that HP0062 consist of two ${\alpha}$-helices. This study is a prerequisite for determining the solution structure of HP0062 and can be used for the study on interaction between HP0062 and DNA and other Helicobacter pylori proteins.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 1999년도 PharmWorld
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• pp.2-22
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• 1999

To maximize the services of phatmacists, we studied the best national liscensing examination for improvement of pharmacist. Among 650 Pharmacist who are posed the questions, 282 pharmacist such as professor in college of pharmacy(46), pharmacists in drug store and hospital (136), administrators in The Ministry of The Health and Welfare(48) and researchers and phamacists in pharmaceutical company (52) replied it. By analyzing these questionares, the results were as follows: In the Korean national liscensing examination for medial care team, pharmacist has been examed over two times the subjects as compared with another national examinations for medical and public health liseneses and 6-year curriculum of medical school. Now, the national examination for pharmacy liscence have been tested the basic subjects such as pharmaceutical analytical chem-istry, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, etc., but almost demander, pharmacist who has been engaged about over 80% in the drug stores and hospital pharmacy, want to have exam pharmacy practics which are clinical pharmacy, pathohysiology and pharma-cotherapy of diseases like The United State of America, but not basic chemisty and biology. If the Korean liscensing examination for pharmacy will be changed like America, pharmacy education in the college of phar-macy will be progressed in detail. There are no clerkships and internships in the pharmaceutical education program in Korea, and so most of pharmacist want to have 6-year curriculum for pharmacy education and to test the pharmacy practice for Doctor of Pharmacy(Pharm. D.) but not basic science.