• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.279-286
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• 1997

In order to formulate 2% ibuprofen solution, the effects of various solublizing agents, such as cosolvents (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin), a complexing agent $(CELDEX{\circledR}\;CH20)$, surfactants $(Poloxamers\;and\;Cremophor{\circledR}\;RH40)$ on the solubility of ibuprofen in aqueous solution were evaluated. Among them, Poloxamer 407 and $Cremophor{\circledR}$ RH40 showed the excellent capacity on the solubilization of ibuprofen. After 2% ibuprofen solution of choice were administered orally to rats, in reference to a 2% ibuprofen syrup in the market, the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The absorption rate of ibuprofen from the solution was higher than that from the suspension.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.241-258
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• 2002

Such osmotic drug delivery systems are based on osmosis, the diffusion of water transversely from a medium with a low osmotic pressure to a medium with a high osmotic pressure for the controlled delivery of active agents. In this review, U.S. Patents on osmotic drug delivery analyze 261 patents until December 2001. These devices form now a major market of drug delivery products. Because of their advantage and innovate idea, it appears that the future of oral drug delivery mark,εt in Korea is promising.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Objectives : In this report, we were studied the current status and future about cultivation of medicinal plants in Japan. Methods : To analysis the management and production of medicinal crops in Japan, variation of importation and cultivation of four medicinal crops such as Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, Cnidium officinale Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$) were investigated. Also we analyzed the herbal drug market in Japan using literature. Results : In the results, cultivated area and amount of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas reduced more than 50% within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$). Production decrease of medicinal crops is alloting through contract production in China. The cultivation of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino is enforcing minimum procluction for seed security. Conclusion : We hope that this report stimulates research to investigate for the establishment of cultural practices in Korea.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The purpose of stability study of pharmaceutical products is to establish the shelf life based on the change of the quality with time. Stability study generally consists of a random sample of dosage units from a batch or several batches placed in a storage room and periodically assayed for their drug content. The statistical methods of assessing the shelf-life of drug in the market is considered with the current KFDA regulations. An illustrated application to some stability data from the pharmaceutical industry is also presented with the discussion.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 1998

Three polymorphic modifications and two pseudopolymorphic modifications of cefotaxime sodium were obtained by crystallization from different organic solvents. The isolated crystal forms were characterized by UV spectrophotometry, DSC, TGA and X-ray crystallography. Crystal forms of cefotaxime sodium were also compared by dissolution rate. The dissolution rate of form 1 was the highest, followed by form 2, form 4, form 6, form 5 and form 3. Among these polymorphic modifications the dissolution rate of form 3 and form 5 was much slower than that of cefotaxime sodium on the market. All forms showed no change after 2-month storage test in the silica gel desiccator. But after the storage of 2-month at 95% relative humidity condition, all forms were deliquesced by hygroscopic property except form 1 that showed the highest dissolution rate. At 52% relative humidity condition, form 1, form 2 and form 6 had no evidence of phase transformation, but form 3, form 4 and form 5 were also deliquesced.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2008

Objective :Ginseng is one of the most popular Oriental medicinal plants considered as a tonic worldwide. This study aimed to produce comprehensive understanding for immune-related pharmaceutical activities of Ginseng. Methods: We surveyed all literatures, 168 of immunity-focused papers with Ginseng in Pub-med, and analyzed pharmaceutical characters according to immune elements and Ginseng components. Results : The main functions of Ginseng have been associated with modulation of immunity. Whole body of Ginseng or its ingredients differently show the effects on both cellular and humoral elements of immune system. Ginseng enhances the activities of T and B lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages and dendritic cells whileas suppresses mast cell-associated allergy and release of histamine. Conclusion : These results will provide Korean doctors or scientists an immune-related overview of Ginseng, and help them in clinical applications and developments of Korean Ginseng as a global competitive drug in world market.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.40-42
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• 2013

Recent medical industry is an aging society and the application of national health insurance, with state-of-the-art research and development, including the pharmaceutical market is greatly increased. The nation's health care industry through new support expansion and improve the quality of life for the research and development will be needed. In addition, systemic administration of basic medical supplies, or drugs are needed, the drug at the same time managing how systematic analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients, based on data through the purchase of new medicines and pharmaceutical ingredients automatically classified by analyzing the statistics of drug purchases and the future a system that can predict a patient is needed. In this study, the drugs to the patient according to the component analysis and predictions for future research techniques, k-means clustering and k-NN (Nearest Neighbor) Comparative studies through experiments using the techniques employ a more efficient method to study how to proceed. In this study, the effects of the drugs according to the respective components in time according to the number of pieces in accordance with the patient by analyzing the statistics by predicting future patient better medical industry can be built.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.50-67
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• 2000

This study aims to estimate the consumption of antibiotics in Korea and to suggest the further studies. To measure the amount of antibiotics consumption, we referred to the statistic of NFHI(National Federation of Health Insurance) and a private institute of pharmaceutical information(Korea Intercontinental Medical Statistics; IMS Korea). There were 1,563 antibiotics produced in Korea in 1997. The total amount of antibiotics production was 1,197 billion won in 1997. Antibiotics accounted for 17.6% of the total pharmaceutical productions in 1997. Cephalosporins have taken the largest part of antibiotics production since 1992. The estimation using NFHI data showed that the total expenditure of antibiotics used in health facilities was 268 billion won, 608 billion won, 911 billion won in 1990, 1994, 1997 respectively. Tertiary hospitals spent 246 billion won, general hospitals 287 billion won, hospitals 78 billion won, clinics 300 billion won in 1997. The amount of expenditure and the intensity of antibiotics consumption in hospitals have increased more steeply than any other health facilities. The total expenditure of antibiotics consumption in health facilities and pharmacies was 778 billion won when estimated using the data from IMS Korea, and 999 billion won from NFHI. Cephalosporins was the fast growing antibiotics group in all of the market- hospitals, clinics, pharmacies since 1991. To measure the amount and patterns of antibiotics consumption more precisely, a pharmaceutical monitoring or surveillance system is needed.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various Republic of Korea policies, including the medicine cost rationalization policy implemented By investigating the management strategy/performance changes of the industry caused by such policies. Methods : Pharmaceutical companies listed on the national stock exchange and the KOSDAQ were examined for 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Their financial statements were collected and market changes before and after drug price policy implementations were compared. Results : From the result of this research, among the medicine related policies, the drug price rationalization policy was found to have a significant effect on business management strategies in terms of safety, profitability and growth potential after its implementation. After the drug pricing transparency policy was implemented, management strategies were affected significantly in terms of safety and profitability. Conclusions : As a result, all of the medicine related policies were found to have regulatory effects. Based on these findings, implications, research limitations and future study plans are presented.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.605-616
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• 2006

A wide variety of drugs and endogenous bioactive amines are organic cations (OCs). Approximately 40% of all conventional drugs on the market are OCs. Thus, the transport of xenobiotics or endogenous OCs in the body has been a subject of considerable interest, since the discovery and cloning of a family of OC transporters, referred to as organic cation transporter (OCTs), and a new subfamily of OCTs, OCTNs, leading to the functional characterization of these transporters in various systems including oocytes and some cell lines. Organic cation transporters are critical in drug absorption, targeting, and disposition of a drug. In this review, the recent advances in the characterization of organic cation transporters and their distribution in the small intestine are discussed. The results of the in vitro transport studies of various OCs in the small intestine using techniques such as isolated brush-border membrane vesicles, Ussing chamber systems and Caco-2 cells are discussed, and in vivo knock-out animal studies are summarized. Such information is essential for predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and in the design and development of new cationic drugs. An understanding of the mechanisms that control the intestinal transport of OCs will clearly aid achieving desirable clinical outcomes.