• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2006

The immediate-type allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of immediate-type allergic diseases is a very important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of Rubus coreanus Miq.(Rosaceae) unripe fruits (RCF) on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction and inflammatory cytokine secretion. RCF inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reactions in mice. RCF attenuated immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated local allergic reactions. In addition, RCF dependently reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells local allergic reactions. In addition, RCF dependently reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or IgE. Furthermore, RCF decreased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion in human mast cells. Our findings provide evidence that RCF inhibits mast cell-derived immediate-type allergic reactions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1617-1624
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• 2008

키틴과 그 탈아세틸화된 형태인 키토산은 지구 상에 가장 풍부하게 존재하는 바이오매스의 하나이다. 키틴과 키토산은 항균활성, 면역증강, 중금속 흡착 등 다양한 생리활성을 보이고 있으며 식품, 의약품, 환경산업 등에서 다양하게 응용되고 있다. 이러한 키틴/키토산을 가수분해하는 효소들과 그 3차구조, 유전자들이 세균, 고세균, 진핵생물등 모든 생물종에서 보고되어 왔다. 탄수화물을 가수분해하는 효소들은 그 아미노산 서열에 따라 CAZy (Carbohydrate Active Enzymes) 데이터베이스에 분류되었는데 흥미롭게도 최근까지 키틴가수분해효소와 키토산가수분해효소들은 14개의 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family들로 분류되어 있다(GH2, GH5, GH7, GH8, GH18, GH19, GH20, GH46, GH48, GH73, GH75, GH80, GH84, GH85). 본 총설에서는 새로운 유전자원를 찾기위한 한 방편으로서 최근에 새롭게 분류된 glycosyl hydrolase family의 분류법에 따라 각각의 GH family에 속하는 키틴/키토산가수분해효소의 종류 및 구조, 그리고 그 효소적 특징에 대하여 논하고자 한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.707-710
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• 2010

우리나라 서남단의 지리산에는 천연야생에서 자생하는 한방약초의 보고라고 할 수 있다. 현재 약초로 분류되는 식물로는 1200여종이 자생 혹은 재배되고 있다. 최근들어 이들 중 현대인의 피부노화억제와 관련하여 관심을 끌고 있는 약초로 홍화에 관한 연구가 활발히 연구되고 있는데 금번연구에서는 홍화의 주성분인 폴리페놀 화합물(Polyphenol cocktail)이 30 - 40대 중년기의 여성에게 주름생성을 억제시켜 피부노화에 대한 지연효과를 줄 수 있는 천연물질임을 확인하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 1차적으로 in vitro법으로 DPPH assay로 항산화효과를 확인하고 더불어 인체에 대한 임상시험을 통해 얼굴피부의 주름발생에 대한 억제 혹은 개선효과가 있음을 입증하고자 한다. 또한 홍화추출물을 주성분으로 하는 항노화 마스크팩 시제품의 개발로 진일보하여 기능성화장품 산업의 발전에 기여할 것임을 확신한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2011

The object of this study was two. One was if Polygonati Rhizoma preparata had a benzo(a)pyrene, the other was to evaluate the single dose toxicity of 9 repetitive steaming and fermenting processed Polygonati Rhizoma, dried root parts of Polygonati Rhozoma preparata extract, in male and female mice. We measured a content of benzo(a)pyrene in Polygonati Rhozoma preparata using a method with HPLC/FLD. And for single dose toxicity, aqueous extracts of Polygonati Rhozoma preparata (EPP; Yield = 35.4 %) was administered to female and male ICR mice as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body weight) according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation during 14 days after dosing, upon necropsy; organ weight and histopathology of 12 principle organs were examined. As results, we could not find any mortality, clinical signs, and changes in the body and organ weight except for slight soft feces sporadically detected in EPP treated male mice at 1 day after administration. In addition, no EPP-treatment related abnormal gross findings and changes in histopathology of principle organs were detected except for some sporadic accidental findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that benzo(a)pyrene was not existed in Polygonati Rhozoma preparata and the 50% lethal dose and approximate lethal dose of EPP aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg, the limited highest dosage recommended by KFDA Guidelines. However, it also observed that the possibilities of digestive disorders, like soft feces when administered over 500 mg/kg of EPP aqueous extracts in the present study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3309-3314
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• 2013

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor type cytoplasmic protein and a known tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. Polymorphisms in SYK have been reported to be associated with cell invasion/cell morality and an increased risk of cancer development. In this case control study, all exons of the SYK gene and its exon/ intron boundaries were amplified in 200 breast cancer cases and 100 matched controls and then analyzed by single stranded conformational polymorphism. Amplified products showing altered mobility patterns were sequenced and analyzed. Twelve variations were identified in exonic and intronic regions of DNA encoding SH2 domain and kinase domain of the SYK gene. All of these mutations are novel. Among them, 5 missense mutations were observed in exon 15 while one missense mutation was found in exon 8. In addition to these mutations, six mutations were also identified in intronic regions. We found a significant association between SYK mutations and breast cancer and observed that Glu241Arg, a missense mutation is associated with an increase risk of ~7 fold (OR=6.7, 95% CI=1.54-28.8), Thr581Pro (missense mutation) is associated with increased risk of ~16 fold (OR=15.5, 95%CI=2.07-115.45) and 63367 T>G (missense mutation) is associated with increased risk of ~13 fold (OR=12.8, 95%CI=1.71-96.71) for breast cancer. Significant associations were observed for each of these variations with both late menopause (p<0.01) and early menarche (p<0.005) cases when compared to controls. Our findings suggest that the polymorphic gene SYK may contribute to the development of breast cancer in at least the Pakistani population. This study provides an insight view of SYK which may provide a significant finding for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2012

가교에 관한 리뷰논문으로 특허의 다수는 의료용이다. 조직공학용 지지체나 약물전달용 매체로 쓰이는 고분자의 가교는 세포 무독성, 제 자리 겔 형성성이 있는 가교반응을 중시하고 있다. 가교를 탄성률, 내약품성, 내열성의 증대 목적 외에 가교부위에 금속 흡착성, 방오성, 항균성, 이온교환성 등의 기능을 부여하고 있다. 환경의 자극에 응답하는 스마트 가교, 환경을 고려한 광 가교, 물리적 가교, 효소가교, 천연물 가교, 수성가교가 연구되고 있다. 120세 수명을 목표로 의용재료의 발전에 고분자 소재의 개발도 필수적이다. 가교를 통한 고분자의 기능성 부여 및 물성 강화도 더욱 섬세하게 될 것이다. 고분자 가교물 중의 중요한 분야를 점하는 히드로젤은 주사용 제자리 겔 형성성의 개선 방향으로 전개될 것이다. 코팅용 고분자 가교제는 작업자, 작업환경을 고려하여 저독성-무독성의 가교제, 낮은 에너지에서 가교되는 에너지 절약형 가교제가 개발될 것이다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.141-167
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• 2012

기술 혁신과 더불어 해당 기술을 기반으로 한 제품의 성공적 시장진입은 지속적 혁신의 기반이 된다. 본 연구는 기술집약적인 제약 산업에서 신약의 성공적 출시에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보고 있다. 특히 선발자의 우위와 후발자의 우위에 대한 상반된 이론하에서 언제 선발자의 우위가 후발자에 의해 완화되어 후발제품이 시장 선도제품을 추월할 수 있는지를 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 선발제품과 후발제품의 시장 진입 시간차가 커서 후발자가 선발자의 정보를 충분히 흡수할 수 있을 때, 제품의 향상과 차별화가 가능하여 후발제품이 선발제품을 추월할 확률은 높아진다. 또한 후발자의 마케팅 역량이 크면 선발제품의 고객기반을 보다 효과적으로 극복할 수 있어 후발제품이 선발제품을 추월할 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 진입이 늦어진 후발자의 입장에서 뒤처진 시간을 활용하여 오히려 성공 확률을 높일 수 있는 후발자의 우위를 재조명하며, 우수한 기술을 바탕으로 개발된 신제품이라 할지라도 높은 마케팅 역량이 뒷받침되어야 선발자의 우위를 극복하고 시장 추격의 확률을 높일 수 있다는 실질적인 시사점을 제공한다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

Medical humanities has become a third area of medical education following basic and clinical medicine. Also, in the national evaluation of medical schools, medical humanities education is an important factor. However, there are many difficulties in teaching medical humanities in medical schools. First, it is still an unfamiliar education area to medical schools and professors. Second, still, there is no consensus on the definition and contents of this education. Third, it is usually very difficult to find professors who have interest and the ability to teach medical humanities. Fourth, even medical students do not understand why they should study medical humanities and sometimes do not eagerly participate in class. This paper suggests some solutions for these problems. First, medical humanities need to be divided into sections according to how easily the contents can be accepted by existing medical education system and apply these sections in the introduction of this education gradually and in stage. One example of the division can be as follows: Group 1) medical ethics and medical law which can be most easily accepted. Group 2) medical communication skills which can be relatively easily accepted. Group 3) medical history and medical professionalism which is relatively difficult to accept, and Group 4) medical philosophy, medicine and music, medicine and literature, medicine and art, medicine and religion, etc. which is the most difficult to accept. In this paper, four things are suggested. Second, divide the contents into mendatory courses and elective courses. Third, allocate the contents throughout the four years from the first year though the fourth year according to the spiral curriculum model. This paper reports some new ideas and methods for medical humanities education. First, to stimulate students' participation, several methods were applied in a large size lecture and student projects. Second, the emphasis of writing in class and evaluation were discussed. Third, the provision of hands on experience is more emphasized than lectures. Fourth, inviting some doctors who work in non-medical areas such as journalism, pharmaceutical industry, etc is suggested. Trial and error is inevitable in this education, but it is essential in molding a good doctor, so medical professors who are interested or in charge of this medical humanities education need to share their ideas and experiences.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2000

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the pancreas of the red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Chromogranin (Cg) A-, serotonin-, insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)- and human pancreatic polypeptede (HPP)-immunoreactive cells were identified in this study. Most of immunoreactive cells in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas (Langerhans islet) were generally spherical or spindle-shaped (open-typed cell), while occasionally cells round in shape (close-typed cell) were found in the basal portion or interepithelial regions of the pancreatic duct. These immunoreactive cells were located in the exocrine, endocrine pancreas and/or basal or interepithelial portion of the pancreatic duct. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were found in the basal portion of epithelia of the pancreatic duct at a low frequency and interacinar region of the exocrine at a moderate frequency. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were found in the central portion of the endocrine pancreas, interacinar regions of the exocrine pancreas and basal portion of the epithelia of the pancreatic duct at high, moderate and low frequencies, respectively. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected in the periphery of the endocrine pancreas, interacinar region of the exocrine pancreas and basal portion of the epithelia or interepithelia of the pancreatic duct at high, moderate and moderate frequencies, respectively. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were dispersed in the whole area of the endocrine pancreas, interacinar regions of exocrine pancreas and basal portion of the epithelia or interepithelia of the pancreatic duct at a moderate frequency. BPP- and HPP-immunoreactive cells were detected in the iinteracinar region of the exocrine pancreas at moderate and hige frequencies, respectively. However, no Cg A- and motilin-immunoreactive cells were detected in this study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2000

Cannabigerol (1, CBG), methyl 4-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octad ienyl)oxy]-3-methoxybenzoate (2, DTM), 5-fluorouracil (3, FU) as a reference, and cannabidiol (4, CBD) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against KB(ATCC NO, OCL 17) cell lines using two different assays, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and the sulforhod-amine B protein (SRB) assay. These compounds showed inhibitory activity in vitro in the micromolar range against KB cell lines. In general, the antitumor activities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range of 1 to 100 M. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds in tumor cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these compounds decreases in the following order: DTM > CBD > 5-FU > CBG by MTT assay and DTM = CBD > 5-FU > CBG by SRB assay. CBG 1, DTM 2, 5-FU 3, and CBD 4 were tested for their cytotoxic effects on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts using two different assays, the MTT assay and SRB assay. These compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in vitro in the micromolar range against NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In general, the cytotoxic acivities of these compounds (1, 2, 3 and 4) were dose-dependent over the micromolar concentraion range of 1 to 100 M. The comparison of $CD_{50}$ values of these compounds in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts shows that their susceptibility to these compounds in decreases the following order(:) CBD > 5-FU > DTM > CBG by MTT assay, CBD > 5-FU > CBG > DTM by SRB assay. These results suggest that DTM 2 has the most growth-inhibitory activity against KB cell lines.