• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 1995

A virus was isolated from petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) plants showing chlorotic ring spots on the leaves and color breaking on the flowers, and was identified as petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV). Identification of the PAMV was established by host range test, electron microscopy, serological reaction, and physical properties of the virus. In the host range test, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica, N. clevelandii, P. hybrida, Gomphrena globosa, and Chenopodium amaranticolor were systemically infected with the virus. The virus produced local lesions on inoculated leaves of N. tabacum‘Samsun’, N. tabacum‘Xanthi nc’, Datura stramonium, Vigna unguiculata‘White eye’, C. quinoa, Capsicum annuum, Vicia faba, and Lycopersicon esculentum‘Rutgers’. However, Cucurbita sativus and C. moschata did not show any symptoms. PAMV particles were isometric with 30 nm in diameter. The crude sap from G. globosa infected with the virus reacted positively with antiserum to tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in agar gel double diffusion test. Thermal inactivation point of the virus was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and the virus retained its infectivity at the dilution of 10-4. Longevity in vitro of the virus was estimated longer than 35 days.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.279-282
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• 2008

This study describes a phytoplasmal disease occurring in Petunia leaves grown in the glasshouse of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Suwon, Korea. Abnormal growth like flattened stem with flower malformation or phyllody was observed from the plant. The DNA extracted from the diseased leaves was amplified using a universal primer pair of P1/P6 derived from the conserved 16S rRNA gene of Mollicutes giving the expected polymerase chain reaction(PCR) product of 1.5 kb. In the nested PCR assays, the expected DNA fragment of 1.1 kb was amplified with the specific primer pair R16F1/R16R1 that was designed on the basis of aster yellows(AY) phytoplasma 16S rDNA sequences. The 1.1 kb PCR products were cloned and nucleotide sequences were determined, and the sequences of the cloned 168 rRNA gene were deposited in the GenBank database under the accession no. of EU267779. Analysis of the homology percent of the 168 rDNA of PFS-K showed the closest relationship with Hydrangea phyllody phytoplasma(AY265215), Brassica napus phytoplasma(EU123466) and AY phytoplasma CHRY(AY180956). Phytoplasma isolated from the diseased Petunia was designated as Petunia flat stem phytoplasma Korean isolate(PFS-K) in this study. Flattened stem occurring in Petunia was confirmed as infection of AY group of phytoplasma by determination of 16S rRNA gene sequences of phytoplasma and microscopic observation of phytoplasma bodies. This is the first report on the phytoplasmal disease in Petunia in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-36
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• 2007

Introduction of vegetatively propagated Petunia hybrids since 1992 led to increasing virus infections of propagation material. Petunia hybrid 'Surfinia' cultivated for pot-plant showed yellowing symptom along with stunt. Flowers were smaller in size and showed color-break symptom. Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV-pet) was isolated from the diseased petunia. Healthy petunia plants inoculated with TMV-pet induced mottle on leaves and color-break on flowers, and plants were stunted. Nucleotide sequences of coat protein gene amplified from RNA prepared from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun infected with TMV-pet were determined(GenBank accession no. DQ981481). It showed 99.0% nucleotide sequence homology with TMV-potato3-2(GenBank accession no. AF318215) isolated from potato showing yellow mosaic and stunt symptom, and with a TMV Korean strain(GenBank accession no. X68110). This is the first reported observation of TMV from vegetatively propagated petunia in Korea.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2001

Transgenic Petunia hybrida cv. Rosanpion was produced by Agrobactepium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring a binary vector pBI 121 containing $\beta$-glucuronidase (gus) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII). For genetic transformation, leaf discs were precultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA (MNB) for 2 days and cocultured for 15 mins with A. tumefaciens. For selection of transformant, leaf discs were transferred to fresh MNB containing 50 mg/L kanamycin and 500 mg/L cefotaxime. Eighteen plants were regenerated and four were confirmed by PCR for detection of gus and nptII gene integrated into the nuclear genome of petunia ‘Rosanpion’. Using this transformation system, we expect that transgenic petunia ‘Rosanpion’ incorporating a useful gene can be produced.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2013

In January 2012, spreading type petunia cv. Wave Pink plants showing an abnormal growth habit of sprouting unusual multiple plantlets from the lateral buds were collected from a greenhouse in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The presence of phytoplasma was investigated using PCR with the primer pairs P1/P6, and R16F1/R1 for nested-PCR. In the nested PCR, 1,096 bp PCR products were obtained, and through sequencing 12 Pet-Stol isolates were identified. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene of the 12 Pet-Stol isolates with other phytoplasmas belonging to aster yellows or Stolbur showed that Pet-Stol isolates were members of Stolbur. The presence of phytoplasma in petunia was also confirmed by microscopic observation of the pathogens. In this study, Stolbur phytoplasma was identified from spreading type petunia cultivars by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasma and microscopic observation of phytoplasma bodies. This is the first report of Stolbur phytoplasma in commercial Petunia hybrida cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

These experiments were attempted to introduce rolC gene in the Petunia hybrida cv. Titan white by Agrobacterium mediated. The maximum frequency of shoot regeneration was obtained by 60% on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 200 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 30 g/L sucrose, and 8 g/L agar. Kanamycin-resistant calli were selected from petunia leaf discs by cocultivation with Agrobacterium suspension cultures on MS medium. The addition of AgNO$_3$ and KMnO$_4$ in the medium increased the shoot regeneration by 31.3% from leaf disc as compared with non-treated leaf disc. Among clones exhibiting kanamycin resistance, only 3 clones were confirmed by southern hybridization analysis.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.237.2-237
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• 1994

No Abstract, See Full Text

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2009

To obtain pure lines for breeding $F_1$ varieties of spreading surfinia and wave petunia, Petunia ${\times}$ hybrida, 20 lines of surfinia petunia and 28 lines of wave petunia that were considered uniform in growth and flowering characteristics were selected by self-pollination of the fifth($S_5$) or the seventh generation($S_7$). The 20 selected lines of surfinia petunia had the branch number ranged from 6.0 to 11.0 cm, and the internode length ranged from 2.0 to 4.2 cm. Among them, ten lines, including '$Pe99-017^7$' were above 60 cm of plant width, above 300 leaves in a plant. Fourteen lines including '$Pe99-017^7$' were more than 150 in the number of flower. In the petal color, thirteen lines, including '$Pe99-017^7$', were red-purple; three, including '$Pe99-007^7$', were purple; '$Pe04-086^7$' and '$Pe04-159^7$' were violet; and line '$Pe072-1^7$' was white. Eight lines including '$Pe02-205-2^5$' ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 cm of flowers diameter, and seven lines including '$Pe04-086^5$' ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 cm of leaf length, which is relatively low. Germination rate of the lines was more than 50%. In the wave petunia, the branch number of the 28 selected lines ranged from 8.0 to 13.0 cm, and the internode length ranged from 1.0 to 3.2 cm, which is relatively higher than surfinia petunias. Among them, ten lines, including '$Pe99-020^7$' were above 60 cm of plant width, above 200 leaves in a plant. Twelve lines including '$Pe04-034-2^5$' were more than 150 in the number of flower. In the petal color, eighteen lines, including '$Pe99-020^7$', were red-purple; three, including '$Pe04-113-4^5$', were red; three, including '$Pe04-263^5$', were white; '$Pe04-201^5$' and '$Pe04-263^5$' were violet blue; and line '$Pe04-072-5^5$' was purple. Nine lines including '$Pe04-201^5$' ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 cm of flowers diameter, and eleven lines including '$Pe04-263^5$' ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 cm of leaf length, which is relatively low. All the lines with various growth and flowering characteristics would be very promising to use as breeding materials for $F_1$ hybrids of spreading petunia, Petunia ${\times}$ hybrida.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of simulated acid solution(SAS) on acid buffering capacity, chlorophyll content and butrient leacking in 4 herb species(Petunia hybrida Vilm, Gomphrena globosa L. Celosia cristat L. Salvia officinallis L) . The acid buffering capacity in the leves was increased in the treatment of pH 3.0 in Celosia L., whereas it was increased at pH 4.0 in Petunia Petunia hybrida Vilm. and Gomprean globosa L.. But, the acid buffering capacity of the leaves did not work at ph 2.0 treatment in 4 herb species. With decreasing pH level, the chlorophyll content of Petunia hybrida Vilm. and Gomphrena globosa L. Was markedly decreased than that of Gelosia cristata L. and Savia officinalis L. As the pH levels decreased from 5.6 to 2.0 the nutrient leaching from leaves was significantly increased in 4 herb species. In pH 4.0 and 5.6, the concentrations of nutrient leaching from leaves were higher in Perunia hybrida Vilm. and Gomphrean globosa L. than Gelosia cristata L. and Salvia officinalis L., Based on the results, there was a great differences in response to SAS among the 4 herb species. Im general, Gelosia cristata L. and Salvia officinalis L. represented a higher tolerance to SAS Petunia hybrida Vilm, and Gomphrena globosa L..

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (nitrate reductase deficient mutant) were fused with cell suspension protoplasts of albino Petunia inflata in an electric field. Hybrid cell colonies were selected for nitrate reductase proficiency and chlorophyll synthesis. Five hybrid plant lines, regenerated from the selected calli lines, were analysed by electrophoresis, number of chromosomes and morphological characters. Somtic hybrid plants showed both parent patterns in the isozymesof isoleucine aminopeptidase and esterase. The hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 62 and exhibited an intermediate floral morphology when compared with the parents, but plant height and leaf arrangement were similar to N. tabacum.