• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 2006

The objective of this paper is to examine the country of origin effect of products made in the Republic of Korea. The study focuses on the questions of the sources of information in evaluating products; the evaluation of specific product dimensions by Malaysian consumers; and consumers' assessment of different product categories. It reports on the findings of a survey conducted in which 244 responses were obtained. The most common product information source was found to be through advertisements in television and radio.. Products made in Korea had been rated highly for its product style. Consumer electronics were generally found to be the popular preference of product category by Malaysian consumers. The managerial implications of our study are discussed and the limitations of the study are also examined.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.460-466
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• 2017

The common petroleum can make precipitation such as a wax in a polar region due to severely cold weather condition, which can cause problems to fuel supply system. The petroleum product used in the polar region has thus been manufactured and sold suitable for the cold environment. However it is difficult to supply such petroleum products on time since these were mainly supplied abroad. In this article, the original fuel properties were first analyzed in order to find alternative fuel products for polar region. Jet fuel which is excellent cold characteristics was chosen and the fuel properties was tested by adding a constant concentration of lubricant additives to the jet fuel. As a result, the lubricant additive R621 showed the best lubricity, and adding 1000 mg/L of R621 content to the jet fuel was sufficient to enhance the lubricity. We envision that the jet fuel added 1000 mg/L of R621A can be suitable for alternative special antarctic blend diesel (SAB) in an severe polar environment.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

In Korea, the Air Quality Conservation Act and the Petroleum and Petroleum Substitute Fuel Business Act stipulate certain quality standards for fuels distributed in Korea, thereby striving to reduce vehicle performance and emissions. Domestic petroleum products import and produce all the crude oil from each oil refiner so that the quality of the petroleum product is different according to the characteristics of the crude oil. As a result, vehicles have been improved by using the physical properties calculated through the physical property measurement that has tried to improve the accuracy of the measurement of the energy consumption efficiency of the automobile by using standard fuel from abroad. In this study, the same test procedure and method as the test method of domestic gasoline vehicle emission are applied using four samples of gasoline and the latest gasoline vehicle which are actually distributed, and the performance evaluation is performed. The purpose of this study is to contribute to improvement of vehicle technology and fuel quality by collecting necessary basic data and obtaining data on the effect of differences in gasoline property on vehicle emissions. The results of the test showed that the emission of gases (NMOG, CO) from gasoline vehicles was the most influenced by the sulfur content, unlike the previous studies that the vehicles emission had the greatest influence on the distillation characteristics and the specific gravity of aromatic compounds. The catalytic reaction such as the poisoning action of the three-way catalyst which is the abatement device was interfered and the emission was increased. The distillation characteristics and specific gravity of aromatic compounds were found to affect the emission of vehicles. According to the physical properties of the fuel, the emission difference was 28.0% in the urban mode and 17.6 % in the highway mode.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.522-528
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• 2020

To achieve the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coal, the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics of chars from low-temperature and fast pyrolysis in a horizontal tube furnace were investigated in a TG-MS analyzer. According to the results, the combustion characteristic of chars was poorer than its parent coals. The temperature range of gaseous product release had a good agreement with that of TGA weight loss. Gaseous products of samples with high content of volatile were released earlier. The NO and NO₂ emissions of chars were lower than their parent coals. Coals of high rank (anthracite and sub-bituminous) released more NO and NO₂ than low rank coals of lignite, so were chars from coals of different ranks. SO₂ emissions of char samples were lower than parent coals and did not show obvious relationship with coal ranks.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.136-147
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• 2015

As it carry out RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards), power producers are using the power bio-fuel oil to meet their RPS quota. In this study, we test the quality characteristics of raw materials for power bio-fuel oil and the property changes of power bio-fuel oil by the kind of feedstocks. The power bio-fuel oil and feedstocks were analyzed for item of quality standard such as acid number, viscosity and metal contents. And it was analyzed for composition distribution by FT-IT and HPLC. Such as low priced palm oil series has high acid number and ash contents due to high free-fatty acid and metal contents. And by-product of biodiesel have a tendency of high viscosity. The fuel properties of power bio-fuel oil, such as viscosity, acid number and metal contents are correlated with the constituent and the mixing ratio of the feedstocks.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.518-524
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• 2009

Single parity check (SPC) product codes are simple yet powerful codes that are used to correct errors and/or recover erasures. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the performance of such codes under erasure scenarios and to develop a closed-form tight upper bound for the post-decoding erasure rate. Closed-form exact expressions are derived for up to seven erasures. Previously published closed-form bounds assumed that all unrecoverable patterns should contain four erasures in a square. Additional non-square patterns are accounted for in the proposed expressions. The derived expressions are verified using exhaustive search. Eight or more erasures are accounted for by using a bound. The developed expressions improve the evaluation of the recoverability of SPC product codes without the need for simulation or search algorithms, whether exhaustive or novel.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.307-318
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• 2006

The pyrolysis of high density polyethylene(HDPE) and low density polyethylene(LDPE) was carried out at temperature between 425 and $500^{\circ}C$ from 35 to 80 minutes. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and wax according to the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Petroleum Quality Inspection Institute. The conversion and yield of liquid products for HDPE pyrolysis increased continuously according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. The influence of pyrolysis temperature was more severe than pyrolysis time for the conversion of HDPE. For example, the liquid products of HDPE pyrolysis at $450^{\circ}C$ for 65 minutes were ca. 30wt.% gas oil, 15wt.% wax, 14wt.% kerosene and 11wt.% gasoline. The increase of pyrolysis temperature up to $500^{\circ}C$ showed the increase of wax product and the decrease of kerosene. The conversion and yield of liquid products for LDPE pyrolysis continuously increased according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time, similar to HDPE pyrolysis. The liquid products of LDPE pyrolysis at $450^{\circ}C$ for 65 minutes were ca. 27wt.% gas oil, 18wt.% wax, 16wt.% kerosene and 13wt.% gasoline.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2008

To investigate the synergy effect on the pyrolysis of mixture of polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS), the pyrolysis of PE, PS and the mixture of PE-PS was carried out in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the distillation temperatures based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that the new components produced by mixing were not detected. The synergy effect according to mixing of PE and PS did not also appear. The conversion and yield of mixtures were in proportion to the mixing ratio of sample.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2003

Pyrolysis of high density polyethylene(HDPE) was carried out to find the effects of temperature and time on the pyrolysis. The starting temperature and activation energy of HDPE pyrolysis increased with increasing heating rate. In general, conversion and liquid yield continuously increased with pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. This tendency is very sensitive with pyrolysis time, especially at 45$0^{\circ}C$. Pyrolysis temperature has more influence on the conversion than pyrolysis time. Each liquid product formed during pyrolysis was classified into gasoline, kerosene, light oil and wax according to the distillation temperature based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Petroleum Quality Inspection Institute. As a result, the amount of liquid products produced during HDPE pyrolysis at 45$0^{\circ}C$ was in the order of light oil > wax > kerosene > gasoline, and at 475$^{\circ}C$ and 50$0^{\circ}C$, it was wax > light > oil > kerosene > gasoline.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Contamination of soil and groundwater by the compounds of hydrocarbon petroleum has been widely accepted as the main cause that harms the environments and health. To remove those pollutants, absorbing clothes, activated carbons, or oil-water separation devices with the gravity method are employed for treatment. However, those materials and devices cannot remove the emulsion pollutants despite of their efficiency for removing free products. Therefore, we investigated the problems which occur during the groundwater treatment for the highly concentrated suspended solid particles, which can be resulted from excavation, and to propose methods to remove TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon). After coagulation experiment with high molecular polymers, the concentration of SS(Suspended Solids) and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) turned to satisfy the groundwater quality criteria within 5 minutes while the concentration of TPH failed to meet the water quality standard of effluent. Consequently, the water quality criteria for effluent could not be met by single DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) process. However all water quality criteria could be satisfied after 20 minutes when coagulation reactions are carried out simultaneously in the DAF reactor.