• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2014

본 논문은 마이크로파와 고온발열체에 의한 유류오염토양의 정화효율에 관한 연구를 정리한 것이다. 수분의 함량은 처리량에 따라 측정이 되었는데 상대적으로 짧은 시간에 300 g에 도달했다. TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons)처리 속도는 SiC 발열체를 단독으로 사용했을 때와 비교하였을 때, SiC와 활성탄을 4 kW/kg에서 동시에 사용했을 때 70.1%의 제거율로 가장 높은 값을 보여주었다. 특히, 3 kW/kg때를 제외하고는 전력이 증가할수록 처리속도도 증가하였다. SiC와 활성탄으로 제작된 발열체를 사용할 경우, 내부 온도가 $300^{\circ}C$를 초과하였으며, 4 kW로 2분동안 유지되었을 때 온도가 다시 하락하였으나, 8분이후에는 다시 온도가 상승하였다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 하여, 샘플을 처리하기 위한 에너지량은 마이크로파의 전력에 따라 계산이 되었으며, TPH처리 상수는 유류오염토양의 처리 특성에 관한 다양한 실험에 의해 측정이 되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

In this study, a reliable number of soil samples for TPH fractionation was investigated in order to perform risk assessment. TPH was fractionated into volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH) with three subgroups and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPH) with four subgroups. At the study site, concentrations of each fraction were determined at 18 sampling points, and the 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) value was used as an exposure concentration of each fraction. And then, 5 sampling points were randomly selected out of the 18 points, and an exposure concentration was calculated. This process was repeated 30 times, and the results were compared statistically. Exposure concentrations of EPH obtained from 18 points were 99.9, 339.1, 27.3, and 85.9 mg/kg for aliphatic $C_9-C_{18}$, $C_{19}-C_{36}$, $C_{37}-C_{40}$, and aromatic $C_{11}-C_{22}$, respectively. The corresponding exposure concentrations obtained from 5 points were 139.8, 462.8, 35.1 and 119.4 mg/kg, which were significantly higher than those from 18 points results (p <0.05). Our results suggest that limited number of samples for TPH fractionation may bias estimation of exposure concentration of TPH fractions. Also, it is recommended that more than 30 samples need to be analyzed for TPH fractionation in performing risk assessment.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), which are main materials of soil contamination by oil, are a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons. Korea Ministry of Environment established the maximum permissible level of TPH in farmland by 500 mg/kg, and reported that the TPH level of soil in 266 installation such as gas station, transport company, and military unit ranged from 1,356 to 55,117 mg/kg and were much higher than the maximum permissible level in 2011. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine the effect of TPH on crops, we investigated the effect of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel on the germination and radicle growth of mainly consumed crops. The germination rates of control in investigated all crops ranged from 80.0-100%. The germination and radicle growth in majority of investigated crops were not inhibited even at 2,500 mg/L. However, germination in onion, leek, and green perilla and radicle growth in leek, rape, tomato, and green perilla were significantly inhibited by increasing concentrations of gasoline, kerosene and diesel treatment. Germination and radicle growth inhibition of green perilla by kerosene and diesel were the highest, the percent inhibition at the 500 mg/L were 100 and 98.6%, 100 and 88.2%, respectively. 50% inhibition of germination in green perilla by kerosene and diesel were 39.96 and 29.87 mg/L, and 50% inhibition of radicle growth were 52.76 and 177.96 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion(s): These results suggest the possibility that the maximum permissible level of TPH might to be established general level with exception by crops.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2018

Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is a mixture of various oil substances composed of alkane, alkene, cycloalkane, and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, etc.). In this study, we investigated 92 groundwater wells around 36 gas stations to evaluate distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons. Groundwater in the wells was sampled and monitored twice a year. The fraction analysis method of TPH was developed based on TNRCC 1006. The test results indicated aliphatic and aromatic fractions accounted for 28.6 and 73.8%, respectively. The detection frequencies of TPH in the monitoring wells ranged in 21.6 - 24.2%. The average concentration of TPH was 0.11 mg/L with the concentration range of 0.25~0.99 mg/L. In the result of TPH fraction analysis, in aliphatic fractions were 19% (C6-C8 : 0.2%, C8-C10 : 0.4%, C10-C12 : 0.4%, C12-C16 : 0.5%, C16-C22 : 1.0%, C22-C36 : 16.6%), and aromatic fractions were 81% (C6-C8 : 1.1%, C8-C10 : 0%, C10-C12 : 2.9%, C12-C16 : 0.3%, C16-C22 : 4%, C22-C36 : 66.8%). Fractions of C22-C36 were detected in about 83% of the monitoring wells, suggesting non-degradable characteristics of hydrocarbons with high carbon content.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.938-943
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• 2007

혐기성 소화조 슬러지 주입에 의한 디젤오염(10,000 mg/kg soil) 토양 내 석유계 탄화수소의 혐기성 분해에 관하여 조사하였다. 오염된 토양 50 g에 총휘발성 고형물 농도 2,000 mg/L인 소화조 슬러지를 15 mL/kg soil와 30 mL/kg soil 농도로 주입하고 90일간 배양한 결과, 각각 37.2%와 58.0%의 총석유계 탄화수소(TPH)의 분해율을 나타내었다. 슬러지를 주입하지 않은 오염토양 대조군과 멸균된 토양에 멸균된 슬러지를 주입한 대조군에서는 120일간의 배양에서 초기 첨가한 디젤의 17%와 4%가 각각 제거된 것에 비하여, 전자수용체의 종류를 달리한 여러 혐기성 조건, 즉, 질산염 환원 조건, 황산염 환원 조건, 메탄생성 조건, 혼합 전자수용체 조건 모두에서 소화조 슬러지 주입에 의해 토양 내 디젤의 40% 이상이 분해됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 배양 120일 동안의 오염토양 내 TPH의 분해율은 혼합 전자수용체 조건에서 75%로 가장 높았으며, 황산염 환원 조건(67%), 질산염 환원 조건(13%), 메탄생성 조건(43%) 순으로 나타났다. 그러나 난분해성 물질로 알려진 isoprenoid의 분해율은 황산염 환원 조건이 다른 전자수용체 조건에 비해 가장 높은 분해율을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여, 소화조 슬러지를 이용하여 혐기성 상태에서 오염토양 내 디젤을 분해하는 기술은 석유계 탄화수소로 오염된 토양의 실질적인 복원에 유용한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2020

A large residual fraction of aliphatic components of diesel prevails in soil, which has adverse effects on the environment. This study identified the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic residual fraction of diesel through total petroleum-hydrocarbon fractional analysis. For this, the strain Acinetobacter sp. K-6 was isolated, identified, and characterized and investigated its ability to degrade diesel and n-alkanes (C₁₈, C₂₀, and C₂₂). The removal efficiency was analysed after treatment with bacteria and nutrients in various soil microcosms. The fractional analysis of diesel degradation after treatment with the bacterial strains identified C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons as the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic fraction of diesel oil. Acinetobacter sp. K-6 degraded 59.2% of diesel oil and 56.4% of C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The degradation efficiency was further improved using a combinatorial approach of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, which resulted in 76.7% and 73.7% higher degradation of diesel oil and C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the removal of mid-length, non-volatile hydrocarbons is affected by the population of bio-degraders and the nutrients used in the process of remediation. A combinatorial approach, including biostimulation and bioaugmentation, could be used to effectively remove large quantities of aliphatic hydrocarbons persisting for a longer period in the soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.310-314
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of on-site bioremediation in soil that have been contaminated by hydrocarbon fuel spills, petroleum-degrading bacteria isolated from soil around petroleum chemical industry and microbial agents were constructed. We investigated biopiles for on-site bioremediation of soil contaminated (5000 mg per kg) with bunker A fuel in five independent lab-scale experiments. Five biopile units constituting the following treatments: (1) control with no nutrients and microbial agents (2) microbial agent M plus nutrients (3) microbial agent C plus nutrients (4) only microbial agent C (5) control with only nutrients. The results were highly different one another. After 30 days in treatments with optimal condition, total petroleum hydrocarbons were reduced to below 10 mg per kg of soil at the biopile units mixed with microbial agents, but control biopile units show that were reduced from 1,105 to 2,588 mg per kg of soil. Our results show that microbial agents at on-site bioremediation of fuel-contaminated soil is highly effective.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

Exhaust emissions were studied as a function of gasoline olefin composition in two vehicles-MPI and GDi engine equipped vehicles. Three different gasolines were tested which varied in olefin contents-12, 16 and 20 vol%. Exhaust emissions in two vehicles were affected by changes in gasoline olefin composition. Responses to changes in olefins were similar in both vehicles : reducing olefins lowered emissions of NOx and CO. Measured exhaust emissions included total hydrocarbons (THC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monooxide(CO), carbon dioxide($CO_2$), formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, 1,3-butadiene and acetylene.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.424-427
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• 2006

Soil contamination with petroleum oil around a military army was investigated. It showed that soils of a riverside highland, an entrance of the military army, and nearby roads were contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) released from the military army to the depth of approximately 2 m. The measured concentrations were as high as 15,277 mg/kg. A wide range of soil in the riverside highland was contaminated by the movement of oil to the surface soil, which occurred with the vertical movement of groundwater table caused by the change of river water level and groundwater level. Spilled petroleum oil components were released into Wonju Stream by the increase of hydraulic conductivity and the groundwater flow.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.100.2-100
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• 1999

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