• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

We studied the on-site treatment of soil contaminated by heavy metals and petroleum was tested using relocatable soil washing equipment for greater remediation efficiency. Different combinations of pH and solid/liquid ratio were tested to determine the optimum balance, settling on values of 5 and 1:2, respectively. Next, soils containing Pb, Hg, and petroleum were further tested to assess the optimum number of washing cycles. The remediation efficiency of Pb and Hg in soil contaminated solely by heavy metals was 90.1% and 86.4% after three and two washings, respectively. The remediation efficiency of petroleum in soil contaminated solely by petroleum was 98.8% after one washing. When soil contaminated by both heavy metals and petroleum was cleaned, up to 91.0% of Pb, 86.9% of Hg, and 96.1% of petroleum was removed after two, one, and one washings, respectively. We conducted all remediation efficiencies and concentration reductions satisfied the standard threshold for soil contamination in South Korea.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.310-314
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of on-site bioremediation in soil that have been contaminated by hydrocarbon fuel spills, petroleum-degrading bacteria isolated from soil around petroleum chemical industry and microbial agents were constructed. We investigated biopiles for on-site bioremediation of soil contaminated (5000 mg per kg) with bunker A fuel in five independent lab-scale experiments. Five biopile units constituting the following treatments: (1) control with no nutrients and microbial agents (2) microbial agent M plus nutrients (3) microbial agent C plus nutrients (4) only microbial agent C (5) control with only nutrients. The results were highly different one another. After 30 days in treatments with optimal condition, total petroleum hydrocarbons were reduced to below 10 mg per kg of soil at the biopile units mixed with microbial agents, but control biopile units show that were reduced from 1,105 to 2,588 mg per kg of soil. Our results show that microbial agents at on-site bioremediation of fuel-contaminated soil is highly effective.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.417-422
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• 2005

The procedure of investigation and design of the soil contaminated with petroleum was introduced. Soil and water quality analyses were carried out to figure out the type of contaminants and the flume range according to the national regulation. In the investigation, it was verified that the soils in several dispersed locations were contaminated with petroleum. Therefore, in the design process, it was necessary to select a optimal remediation method after making the conception model of the site, and then the treatment method of incineration was selected.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.148-151
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• 2003

Soil washing was applied as a supplementary step of soil remediation at a petroleum oil contaminated site. A soil washing system was designed, assembled, and operated at the site. A field screening method with PetroFlagTM was adopted at the site to find the exact boundary of contaminated area as soil excavation progressed and to verify the concentration of treated soil. The system operation showed the cleanup efficiency of 90% at the compatible cost compared to other methods.

• 기술사
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

The most common soil contaminants are petroleum-based. Hydrocarbons from diesel fuel and gasoline are widespread problems, as are total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH). There are two distinct classes of soil remediation: in-situ, or on-site, and ex-situ, or off- site. On-site cleanups are often preferred because they are cheaper. On the other hand, excavating a contaminated area and transporting it to a remote site before cleaning it can often be more complete. Ex-situ remediation also has the added bonus of taking the bulk of contaminants off-site before they can spread further. In addition, in-situ situations are limited because only the topside of the soil is accessible.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Since mountainous area has access restrictions for field work, assessors need to establish a conceptual model of the contamination prior to the field investigation. In this study we established a conceptual model of the contamination based on site inspection and geological survey, followed by the field investigation for the petroleum spill site. In the conceptual model, we estimated that tile contamination should have spread by groundwater and topographical characteristics within the top soil layer. The spread of contamination through rock was not considered in the conceptual model due to impermeable characteristics of metasyenite. The contaminated environmental media of the petroleum spill site include soil and groundwater. According to the analysis result of the contamination, the volume of contaminated soil is estimated approximately 4, 150 cubic meters (7, 055 ton) with most contaminants existing along the groundwater flow within top soil layer.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2010

This study focused on the groundwater quality, biodegradability and attenuation rate at the petroleum contaminated sites of Kangwon and Gyeonggi Provinces, Korea. For groundwater quality, Kangwon site showed chemical compositions of $Ca-SO_4+Cl$, $Ca-HCO_3$ and $Na+K-HCO_3$ types, while Gyeonggi site showed chemical compositions of $Ca-SO_4$, $Ca-HCO_3$ and $Na-HCO_3$ types. $Na+K-HCO_3$ and $Na-HCO_3$ types were detected only in February. Among many biodegradation processes, the majority was attributed to biodegradation from denitrification in both area. In Kangwon site, biodegradation from denitrification occupied 63.5%, and in Gyeonggi site it was 39.45%. Biodegradation from the most efficient aerobic respiration occupied 7.12% in Kangwon site, while Gyeonggi site in it did 27.29%. Point attenuation rate of BTEX in Gyeonggi site (GW-22) was 0.0182 $day^{-1}$, half life of BTEX was 84 days, and thus 124 days (0.34 year) would be required to clean up this site. Mean of point attenuation rate of TPH in Kangwon site was 0.0088 $day^{-1}$, mean of half life was 257 days, and thus 462 days would be required to clean up the site. Mean of point attenuation rate of TPH in Gyeonggi site was 0.0387 $day^{-1}$, mean of half life was 55 days, and thus remediation time was calculated as 99 days.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2018

연구목적 : 본 연구 대상부지는 1973년에 해안매립이 완료되어 30여 년 동안 선박 수선업 등의 사업활동이 진행되어 왔다. 연구방법 : 2013년에 실시한 토양정밀조사결과, 대상부지의 오염면적은 $10,000m^2$, 오염심도는 GL(-) 3.0 m의 고농도 TPH로 유류오염이 확인되었고, 시간경과에 따라 오염범위가 확산되고 있었다. 연구결과 : 정제된 석유제품에 의한 토양오염은 종종 생태계와 인간의 건강에 해로운 영향을 미치기 때문에 신속한 정화가 이루어져야 한다. 결론 : 따라서 고농도의 TPH로 오염된 대상 부지에 대하여 수리지질학적 조사를 통해 지하수유동과 오염의 확산방향을 평가함으로써 잠정적인 오염원인자를 추정할 수 있다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2002

As concerns on the effects of soil contamination on human health have grown, more efforts have been made to quantify the effects. One of such efforts is the development of risk assessment methodology. The fundamental objectives of this approach is to investigate the alternative options that reduce the risk of hazardous chemicals results from environmental pollution, which will eventually lead to an accomplishment of removement of identified toxicants in polluted environment. The U.S. EPA Risk Assessment guidance for the superfund (RAGS) provides a methods for assessing the health risk of contaminated soils and determining the preliminary remediation goals (PRGs). Using this approach, we assessed the health risk and preliminary remediation goals of petroleum contaminated site in Kyounggi province.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the applicability of pump and treat technology as well as to identify the changes of groundwater level by continuous pumping at the petroleum contaminated site. A total of 9 monitoring wells were installed at the site and the contaminant concentrations, TPH, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, of groundwater were measured. With the results of the groundwater monitoring, a total of 9 wells were set up for pumping contaminated groundwater in 3 locations. The waste water treatment facility with a capacity of $10m^3/hr$ was installed in the site and operated for about 1 year. The concentrations of the contaminated groundwater from the 3 pumping wells were exceeded groundwater regulation for benzene and TPH. However, the effluent concentration of benzene and TPH was under the regulation showing the maximum level of 0.011 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L during the operation periods. Groundwater levels were decreased by continuous pumping and those were not recovered during the operation period. Groundwater levels of PW-1,2, PW-3,4,5,6 and PW-7,8,9 were decreased about 5 m, 0.7 m, 2 m, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of the region of PW-1,2, PW-3,4,5,6 and PW-7,8,9 was estimated to be $6.143{\times}10^{-5}cm/sec$, $2.675{\times}10^{-5}cm/sec$, $1.198{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$. Groundwater level was seemed to be affected not by hydraulic conductivity but by morphological effect. These results show that the pump and treat technology has high applicability for the restoration of petroleum contaminated groundwater but needs continuous monitoring to prevent rapid groundwater drawdown.