• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

Gasification plant using petroleum coke for refinery and power generation process is increased from considering petroleum coke as a valuable fuel. In this study, gasification of petroleum coke was performed to utilize petroleum coke and to develop essential technology using 1T/D coal gasification system. In case of petroleum coke gasification, because of lower reactivity, consumption of oxygen is higher than coal gasification. The calorific value of syngas from petroleum coke mixed with coal at a mass ratio of 1:1 shows about $6.7{\sim}7.2MJ/Nm^3$. Although carbon conversion could reach more than 92% according to oxygen amount, cold gas efficiency shows lower value than the case of coal. Therefore, it was shown that complemental study in burner design to atomize slurry droplet is required to elevate gasification performance of petroleum coke which has lower reactivity than coal.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.297-299
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• 2014

Petroleum coke has high heating value and low price. Due to the steadily increasing demand for heavy oil processing, the production volume of petroleum coke tends to be expanded. The high availability and low price of petroleum coke have been strongly considered as candidate fuel for power generation facilities. However the high carbon content, high sulfur content and nitrogen content of petroleum fuel are known to produce relatively large quantity of CO2, high NOx and SO2 emission. In this work, a series of numerical simulations have been carried out in order to investigate the effects of swirl flow intensity on combustion furnace, which is most important operating condition. Results show that the temperature distribution was spatially uniform at about 1600K but high temperature region are located quite differently depending on swirl number. In addition, numerical temperature data was compared with experimental temperature data and its temperature difference shows less than 10%. On the other hand, discrepancy between numerical and experimental emission data were slightly large with necessities of improved emission model.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.230-233
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• 2008

The vanadium rich ash of petroleum coke can give a slagging problem during because of the high melting point of $V_2O_3$. For continuous removal of the slag, petroleum coke is often mixed with coal, and the viscosity of the mixed slag is an important property, determining the gasification temperature. The viscosities of the mixed slag from various mixing ratios of petroleum coke and a bituminous coal were investigated. When mixed with a crystalline coal slag, $T_{cv}$ was increased at a higher the coke content in the mixed feed. When the $V_2O_3$ concentration was greater than 4.5%, it was difficult to get accurate measurements of $T_{cv}$. The SEM/EDX analyses of the cooled slag revealed that the major crystalline phase was anorthite, and $T_{cv}$ should be related to the formation temperature of anorthite. The SEM/EDX analyses also showed that, at low concentrations of vanadium, part vanadium formed a crystalline phase with Al-Si-Ca-Fe, and the rest remained in the glassy phase, suggesting that vanadium existed as a slag component at the low viscosity region. At a high concentration, vanadium forms a phase with Ca, and the Ca-V phase was separated from the slag phase, and formed a layer above the slag. FeO in petroleum coke also played an important role determining viscosity: at high temperatures, increased FeO lowered the viscosity, but as it formed a spinel phase, the depletion of FeO in the slag resulted in a higher viscosity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.501-509
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• 2016

The economic feasibility of a commercial indirect liquefaction process with the co-gasification process of petroleum coke which has been recognized as hazardous waste because of high sulfur content and bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal mixtures was assessed. The 2,000 ton/day scale indirect liquefaction process including co-gasification, clean up, Fischer-Tropsch conversion and so on was assumed and used to analyze economical efficiencies with various conditions. Financial data from previous studies were modified and used and economical sensitivities with various mixture ratios were evaluated in this study. As a result, economic values of petroleum coke were superior than those of coals because of increasing sulfur sale. Also, mixtures with petroleum coke and bituminous coal was more favorable that those with petroleum coke and sub-bituminous coal due to lower moisture content. In case of sub-bituminous coal, the mixture ratio with petroleum coke had to be over 40wt% for the IRR of mixture to surpass 10%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2012

Lignite of low rank coal and petroleum coke of high sulfur content can be high potential energy sources for coal gasification process because of their plentiful supply. The steam gasification of lignite, anthracite, and pet coke has been carried out in both an atmospheric thermobalance reactor and a lab-scale fludized bed reactor (0.02 m i.d. ${\times}$ 0.6 m height). The effects of gasification temperature ($600{\sim}900^{\circ}C$) and partial pressure of steam (0.15~0.95 atm) on the gasification rate and on the heating value of product gas have been investigated. The modified volumetric reaction model was applied to the experimental data to describe the behavior of carbon conversion, and to evaluate kinetic parameters of char gasification. The results shows that higher temperature bring more hydrogen in the product syngas, and thus increased gas heating value. The feed rate of steam is needed to be optimized because an excess steam input would lower the gasification temperature which results in a degradation of fuel quality. The rank of calorific value of the product gas was anthracite > lignite > pet coke. Their obtained calorific value at $900^{\circ}C$ with 95% steam feed were 10.0 > 6.9 > 5.7 $MJ/m^3$. This study indicates that lignite and pet coke has a potential in fuel gas production.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2010

Lignite of low rank coal and petroleum coke of high sulfur content can be high potential energy sources for coal gasification process because of their plentiful supply. The kinetic study of steam gasification has been performed in an atmospheric thermobalance with wood chip, lignite, bituminous, anthracite, pet-coke. The effects of gasification temperature($600{\sim}850^{\circ}C$) and partial pressure of steam(30~90 kPa) on the gasification rate have been investigated. The modified volumetric reaction model was applied to the experimental data to describe the behavior of carbon conversion and to evaluate the needed kinetic parameters. Lignite and wood chip with high volatile content showed high average gasification rates comparing to other fuel and thus they might be proper fuel for gasification processes. The activation energies for wood chip, lignite, bituminous, anthracite, and pet-coke through Arrhenius plot were found to be 260.3, 167.9, 134.6, 82.2, 168.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The expression of apparent reaction rates for steam gasification of various chars have been proposed as basic information for the design of coal gasification processes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.591-600
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• 1993

Chlorination of tungsten from scheelite ore in a fluidized bed reactor has been investigated to develope tungsten extractive metallurgical process by the chlorination. All of the results in this experiment showed tungsten component could be sucessively chlorinated in a fluidized bed reactor. The proper conditions are as follows; reaction temperature $900^{\circ}C$, reaction time : 20min, $Cl_2$ gas velocity : 3.2cm/sec and petroleum coke-to-scheelite ore weight ratio : 0.2. Also the mean diameters of scheelite and petroleum coke were $150.5{{\mu}m}$ and $750.9{{\mu}m}$ respectively. Under these conditions, over 95% of tungsten component in scheelite was chlorinated.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1994

The influence of ground petroleum coke, preheat-treated at temperatures ranged of 150~35$0^{\circ}C$, was studied. It has been found that the coke powder preheat-treated at the temperature of 175$^{\circ}C$ has been spherical-shaped in grinding and have showed the highest strength and density in sintering. The coke powder was also the best for the binding force and the (H/C) values showed 0.45 at the above temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.773-778
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• 1992

The effect of temperature on the structural changes of petroleum raw coke during calcination was studied and then the properties of carbon solids prepared from those calcined coke using binder were examined. The notable structural change of raw coke was observed in the range from 800$^{\circ}C$ to 900$^{\circ}C$ from the results of volatile matter, porosity, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The bending strength, density of the carbon solid carbonized at 1400$^{\circ}C$ was 400 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 1.40g/㎤, respectively.