• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2007

GRLs(Guidance Residue Levels) of agricultural chemicals for tobacco are recommended by the CORESTA Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee guide. In the GRLs list, organochlorine group is one of pesticides commonly used on tobacco cultivation. In this model study, the quantitative correlation in the transfer rate of pesticide residue into tobacco smoke by spiking of organochlorine pesticides to cigarette and pyrolysates were investigated. The spiking concentration referred to the range of GRLs list and the organochlorine pesticides in mainstream smoke were analyzed by GC-MS. For the understanding of the composition variation versus temperature, the behavior of pesticides was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC-MS). In this study, the transfer rate of pesticide residue into tobacco smoke at four different spiking concentration and the composition of pyrolysates were analyzed differently. At $10\;{\mu}g/cig$ spiking concentrations, the organochlorine pesticides were transferred into tobacco smoke in $0.02\;{\sim}\;10.19\;%$ each of component and the most of pesticides were pyrolyzed during smoking. It was found that the decomposition compounds from organochlorine pesticides were mainly composed of oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds. This study could estimate that the transfer rate of pesticides into tobacco smoke is very small amount.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cypermethrins, possess eight isomers, used both as pesticide and as veterinary drug, were set different MRLs for livestock by CCPR and CCRVDF of Codex Alimentarius. Korea Food Code designates MRLs for livestock only as pesticide. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study presented necessaries of harmonization of MRL setting for compounds used both as pesticides and as veterinary drugs with regulatory aspects, showing an example of cypermethrin residue in livestock. CONCLUSION(S): For harmonization, following factors must be considered and recommended; designation of marker residue; alpha-cypermethrin, zeta- cypermethrin, and cypermethrin, clarification of the definition of target tissues; meat, fat, muscle, by-product, eggs, milk, and etc., method of analysis; clarification of target analytes of isomers, quantitation and calculation method as a principle of residue analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.385-389
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• 1997

Pesticide residues were extracted with 70% acetone and transferred to dichloromethane. Extracts were applied to open-column chromatography with florisil and alumina-N. The final extract was analyzed by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector(GC /ECD) and nitrogen-phosphorus detector(GC/NPD). Recoveries of the 17 organochlorine pegticides were ranged from 60.8 to 84.9% and those of 15 organophosphate pesticides, from 70.5% to 100.0%(except phosmet and azlnphos-methyls. The minimum detectable levels of this analytical method were low(0.021-0.058mg/kg).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to compare the residue levels of pesticides among lettuce, kale and perilla leaf depending on the morphological characteristics of plant. Residue levels were investigated at the zero, second, fifth days after last application, 9 species of systemic or non-systemic pesticide were twice applied with 7 days interval by knapsack power sprayer with 2 heads fan shape nozzle. Ratios of leaf area to weight ($cm^2$ $g^{-1}$) were 58 of perilla leaf, 27 of lettuce and 23 of kale. Ratios of leaf area to weight of perilla leaf was 2.1 times higher than that of lettuce. Residue levels of perilla leaf were 1.3 to 2.3 times higher than those of lettuce at the day of spraying and 1.3 to 3.3 times higher at the fifth day. Therefore the differences of pesticide residues between perilla leaf and lettuce were affected by the ratio of leaf area to weight. Residue levels in lettuce were 2.4 to 7.3 times higher than those in kale at the day of spraying because the adhesive effect of pesticide particles on kale leaf was low.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2023

An accurate and easy-to-use analytical method for determining isocycloseram and its metabolites (SYN549431 and SYN548569) residue is necessary in various food matrixes. Additionally, this method should satisfy domestic and international guidelines (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the isocycloseram and its metabolites residue in foods. To determine the residue and its metabolites, a sample was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous and 1 g sodium chloride and centrifuged (4,700 G, 10 min, 4℃). To remove the interferences and moisture, d-SPE cartridge was performed before LC-MS/MS analysis with C₁₈ column. To verify the method, a total of five agricultural commodities (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, and red pepper) were used as a representative group. The matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficients of determination (R²) ≥ 0.99 at a calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average recoveries were 71.5-109.8% and precision was less than 10% for all five samples. In addition, inter-laboratory validation testing revealed that average recovery was 75.4-107.0% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was below 19.4%. The method is suitable for MFDS, CODEX, and EU guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2019

Veterinary drugs are widely used to protect production-related diseases and promote the growth of farmed fish. The use of large amounts of veterinary drugs may have potential risk and cause adverse effects on both humans and the environment. In this study, we developed risk-based ranking based on a scoring system to be applied in the national residue program. In this approach, the following three factors of veterinary drugs that may occur as residues in fishery products were considered: potency (acceptable daily intake), usage (number of dose and withdrawal period), and residue occurrence. The overall ranking score was calculated using the following equation: potency × usage (sum of the number of sales and withdrawal period) × residue occurrence. The veterinary drugs that were assigned high score by applying this approach were enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, oxolinic acid, erythromycin, and trimethoprim. The risk-based approach for monitoring veterinary drugs can provide a reliable inspection priority in fishery products. The developed ranking system can be applied in web-based systems and residuemonitoring programs and to ensure safe management of fishery products in Korea.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.907-912
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• 1999

In this study, removal effect of residue pesticides on vegetable and fruit using organic acid salt in alkali solution were investigated by gas chromatography and measurement of detergency. Generally, for the removal methods of residue pesticides and oily pollution were used chemical detergent or organic solvent. Specially, in our experiment, we only used material of food additives and trisodium citrate were superior to other organic acid salt. It was investigated that removal effect of pesticides was superior to chemical detergent.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.471-471
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2007

For the analysis of hazard factors and the development of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Ginseng, 10 ginseng cultural farms wished certified GAP were selected at Geumsan-gun area, a representative site of ginseng cultivation in Korea. In order to verify the safety of GAP ginseng, possible contamination of pesticide and heavy metal residues, and microbial hazard were analyzed. Soil and water around ginseng cultivation field, and ginseng were investigated. Eighty-one pesticides including carbendazim were used as typical pesticide against plant pathogens and insect pests of ginseng plant and general crops. There was no excess the maximum residue limit (MRL) in residue figure of the soil. Including the residue figure of the arsenic (0.81 ml/kg) and 7 other heavy metals was also suitable to cultivate the ginseng plant. The irrigation water and dilution water for pesticide application were also safety level for GAP. Fresh ginsengs from the farms were sampled and investigated pesticide residues and contaminations of bacteria. Among 23 pesticides tested, we didn't detect any kinds of pesticide residues, but tolclofos-methyl was frequently found in the other ginseng field. On the investigation of microorganism hazards, 2 gram negative bacteria and 1 gram positive bacterium were found in the fresh ginseng. Number of total bacteria was $1.5{\times}10^3$ cfu/ml, which was less than the other agriculture products. At these results, 10 selected ginseng farms were good cultural places for GAP ginseng production and the ginseng cultured from Geumsan-gun area were a good safe far human.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.421-430
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• 2019

In this study, 195 pesticide residues in fruit samples (n=150) at local markets in Chungcheongnam-do Chungnam, Korea were monitored using a multi-residue method combined with GC-MS/MS and LCMS/MS. Among 150 fruit samples, 40 types of pesticides were detected in 63 samples and the detection rate was 42.0%. However, the amounts were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Detection rates for pesticides in each thpe of fruit were as follows ; citrus fruits (55.2%), pome fruits (41.3%), berries (38.7%) and stone fruits (36.0%). Although the sample size was small (n=2), pesticide residues were not detected in tropical fruits. Occurrences of detection of pesticide residues in apple showed the highest level, and mainly, insecticides were detected most frequently. The most commonly detected pesticides residues were bifenthrin (21), pyraclostrobin (17), novaluron (13), boscalid (10), chlorfenapyr (9), trifloxystrobin (9), furathiocarb (9), acetamiprid (8) and chlorpyrifos (8). Five types of residual pesticides (bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin and fenvalerate) were detected in quince, and out of these five, fenpropathrin exceeded the MRL based on the Positive List System (PLS). These results suggested that pesticide residues in fruit samples should be continuously monitored, although residue levels in 63 other fruit samples were evaluated as being within a safe level.