• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

Personal life and achievements are the process and result of a person's past, present, and future interacting with each other. In this regard, if one fully understands the life and background of the person who developed the theory of psychoanalysis, one can understand and use the theory more appropriately. The holding environment theory developed by Donald Woods Winnicott is useful for understanding the process by which infants grow healthy under the care of a mother who is good enough. In this paper, the background of the birth of the holding environment theory is reviewed based on Winnicott's developmental background and marital life. He grew up with a holding environment from good enough 'multiple mothers'. Born with excellent athletic ability and musical talent, he was more curious than anyone else and particularly active in discovering new things. After the unhappy first marriage, Claire Britton's second marriage was happy academically and personally. Claire was a fellow paediatric psychoanalyst who published Winnicott's research and theories after his death. Psychoanalysis or psychotherapy itself can be a holding environment, and the holding environment theory can be applied to various fields in the digital era.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of community on the food insecurity under the control of personal socioeconomic factors which may be influence to the food security. Methods: Food insecurity and individual socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from 2012 community health survey. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were extracted from the data of Statistics Korea and local governments. Personal socioeconomic factors were sex, age, educational status, job, and monthly family income. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were administrative district (urban vs. rural), senior population rate, degree of financial self reliance, degree of financial independence, portion of welfare budget, number of welfare facilities, and unemployment rate. We analysed the relationships between the food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of community using multi-level analysis under the control of personal characteristics. Results: On personal level age, sex, education status, and monthly family income were related with food insecurity. On community level administrative district (urban vs. rural), degree of financial independence, unemployment rate, and proportion of welfare budget among local general government accounts were related to individual food insecurity. Rural area, district with low levels of financial independence, low portion of welfare budget, and greater unemployment rate showed a higher level of food insecurity. Conclusion: To reduce the level of food insecurity in a community it is necessary to decrease the unemployment rate, in addition to providing support from the central government by increasing the proportion of the welfare budget so that both factors contribute to raising the degree of financial independence.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low consumption of fruit and vegetable is frequently viewed as an important contributor to obesity risk. With increasing childhood obesity and relatively low fruit and vegetable consumption among Thai children, there is a need to identify the determinants of the intake to promote fruit and vegetable consumption effectively. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two conveniently selected primary schools in Nakhon Pathom. A total of 609 students (grade 4-6) completed questionnaires on personal and environmental factors. Adequate fruit and vegetable intakes were defined as a minimum of three servings of fruit or vegetable daily, and adequate total intake as at least 6 serves of fruit and vegetable daily. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of children with a sufficient fruit and/or vegetable intakes was low. Covariates of child's personal and environmental factors showed significant associations with sufficient intakes of fruit and/or vegetable (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that the following factors were positively related to sufficient intake of vegetable; lower grade, a positive attitude toward vegetable, and fruit availability at home; and that greater maternal education, a positive child's attitude toward vegetable, and fruit availability at home were significantly associated with sufficient consumption of fruits and total fruit and vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that personal factors like attitude toward vegetables and socio-environmental factors, such as, greater availability of fruits were significantly associated with sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption. The importance of environmental and personal factors to successful nutrition highlights the importance of involving parents and schools.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.162-166
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• 2023

Background: Assessment of the radiation doses to which workers are exposed can differ depending on the placement of dosimeters on the body. In addition, it is affected by whether the placement is under or over a shielding apron. This study aimed to evaluate the actual positioning of personal dosimeters on the body, with or without shielding aprons, among radiation workers in Korea. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the survey data, which included demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, occupation, work history, and placement of the personal dosimeter being worn, from a cohort study of Korean radiation workers. We assessed the use of personal dosimeters among workers, stratified by sex, age, working period, starting year of work, and occupation. Results and Discussion: Overall, high compliance (89.1% to 99.0%) with the wearing of dosimeters on the chest was observed regardless of workers' characteristics, such as age, sex, occupation, and work history. However, the placement of dosimeters, either under or over the shielding aprons, was inconsistent. Overall, 40.1% of workers wore dosimeters under their aprons, while the others wore dosimeters over their aprons. This inconsistency indicates that radiation doses are possibly measured differently under the same exposure conditions solely owing to variations in the placement of worn dosimeters. Conclusion: Although a lack of uniformity in dosimeter placement when wearing a shielding apron may not cause serious harm in radiation dose management for workers, the development of detailed guidelines for dosimeter placement may improve the accuracy of dose assessment.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2024

Background: Though the artificial neural network (ANN) technique has been used to predict noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), the established prediction models have primarily relied on cross-sectional datasets, and hence, they may not comprehensively capture the chronic nature of NIHL as a disease linked to long-term noise exposure among workers. Methods: A comprehensive dataset was utilized, encompassing eight-year longitudinal personal hearing threshold levels (HTLs) as well as information on seven personal variables and two environmental variables to establish NIHL predicting models through the ANN technique. Three subdatasets were extracted from the afirementioned comprehensive dataset to assess the advantages of the present study in NIHL predictions. Results: The dataset was gathered from 170 workers employed in a steel-making industry, with a median cumulative noise exposure and HTL of 88.40 dBA-year and 19.58 dB, respectively. Utilizing the longitudinal dataset demonstrated superior prediction capabilities compared to cross-sectional datasets. Incorporating the more comprehensive dataset led to improved NIHL predictions, particularly when considering variables such as noise pattern and use of personal protective equipment. Despite fluctuations observed in the measured HTLs, the ANN predicting models consistently revealed a discernible trend. Conclusions: A consistent correlation was observed between the measured HTLs and the results obtained from the predicting models. However, it is essential to exercise caution when utilizing the model-predicted NIHLs for individual workers due to inherent personal fluctuations in HTLs. Nonetheless, these ANN models can serve as a valuable reference for the industry in effectively managing its hearing conservation program.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.327-347
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• 2013

The use of the Internet is spread over all areas of our lives. However, its features raised serious social issues due to unethical behavior. To understand the level of Internet ethics among undergraduate students, a survey questionnaire of 31 questions regarding netiquette awareness, ethical norms, information credibility, and personal background is devised; data was collected from 830 students. Descriptive analysis shows low level of netiquette awareness, considerable deviation from six categories of ethical norms and problems of network information credibility. Results of statistical testing show gender and grade level as factors affecting Internet ethics. However, there is no significant difference in Internet ethics depending on related education experience. Based on the results, recommendations to promote Internet ethics are suggested.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.149-158
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• 2016

This research is about development and usability test of 'Paldokangsan4' which is a serious game for the elderly to improve their physical and mental health. This game is the next version of last 'Paldokangsan3' developed in 2013. Its motion capture interface 'Kinect' has been stopped for production that we have to develop the next version with 'Kinect2'. We added a personal ID system to accumulate palyers' game histories, and let the player know the the current score comparing to the personal average score every time. Also we added real mart background to the traditional old market background of the game as well as a tutorial level to learn how to play the game personally. In 2016 Play Expo, we have installed and demonstrated it and gathered opinions of 40 volunteers in questionnaire. The result of their analysis showed that we could find the possibility of beneficial effects for the elderly following the last version.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.53
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• pp.71-80
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between osteoporosis and various factors such as general personal background, physical activity, menstruation, daily life and dietary habit. The following are the results of this study: 1. In the relationship of osteoporosis status with general personal background, the risk of osteoporosis increased with age. Active women with higher education, high income and jobs tended to have less risk of osteoporosis. Women with earlier menarche had a tendency of having thicker bone mineral density. 2. As for disease related to bone mineral density, stomach disease, thyroid, bone damage, and bad teeth conditions were significant factors affecting bone mineral density. Women with those diseases and family history of osteoporosis were more likely to have osteoporosis. 3. In relation to food intake regular diet of dairy products, anchovy, or meat showed significantly less risk of osteoporosis. 4. In relation between dietary habits and bone mineral density, unbalanced diet had statistically less probability of osteoporosis. It is important for genetically disposed women to prevent osteoporosis in advance by considering acquired factors like life-style and medication.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2012

The research aimed at analyzing how the differences between teachers' personal backgrounds (age, teaching experience, educational background, position) and experiences with the mentee and the mentor affect their awareness on the mentor qualifications for the mentoring program conducted by infants' educational organizations. By fulfilling the purpose of the research, proper qualifications for a mentor of outstanding abilities, which would be desired by teachers in infant educational organizations, should be established while preliminary data on the mentor teacher training to improve the professionalism of a mentor is expected to be provided. The research was carried out targeting 319 teachers in infants' educational organizations located in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do. The measuring instrument used was a recognized survey on how the mentor qualifications for the mentoring conducted by infants' educational organizations. The survey consisted of 22 questions. The researcher personally designed the survey based on results generated from preliminary research. SPSS 14.0 was used to analyze selected data as average, standard deviation and one-way layout dispersion. In addition, a post-analysis on the one-way layout dispersion was conducted via the Scheffe posteriori test. The results demonstrated that the mentor qualifications for the mentoring were differently recognized by teachers in infants' educational organizations according to both teacher's personal backgrounds (age, teaching experience, educational background and position) and experiences with the mentee and the mentor.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.55-69
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• 2005

This study aims to investigate and practically examine the effect of environmental qualifications based on the theoretical background on the area. First, the economic effect of the acquisition of the qualifications was to be studied from the viewpoints of individuals and from an actual analysis on it, its effect was to be proved. Second, its non-economic effect was to be proved from the same way as the first analysis. On the basis of theoretical background, a study model was formulated in a way that the effect of qualifications in individuals side was divided into an economic effect (wage, employment, promotion, job-switching) and non-economic effect (self-development, self-efficiency, satisfaction on the job, ability to cope with the advancement of technology, job performance, signal effect, the settlement of uneasiness at unemployment). Then, survey was carried out with questions designed in accordance with this model. The hypotheses were proved as the following. First, for hypothesis 1(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on an individuals economic effect), environmental qualifications was shown to have positive impacts on wage, job-switching in personal economic effect. But, no personal economic effect appeared for employment and promotion. Second, for hypothesis 2(Environmental qualifications will bring up positive impacts on an individuals non-economic effect), environmental qualifications appeared to have positive impacts on self-efficiency, ability to cope with the advancement of technology, job performance and signal effect. Besides, no impact was shown in satisfaction on the job and the settlement of uneasiness at unemployment and self-development.