• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Background and Objectives : There are three kinds of formulas for purging the spleen to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sabeetang, Sabeehwan, Sabeesan and Sabeeeum. Another formulas called Sahwangtang, Sahwangsan. Sahwangeum is to purge the yellow colour of spleen. There are 8 kinds of Sabeetang, 3 kinds of Sabeehwan, 3 kinds of Sabeesan, 1 kind of Sabeeeum, 4 kinds of Sahwangtang, 7 kinds of Sahwangsan, and 1 kind of Sahwangeum. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the spleen, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sabeetang for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sabeetang. Methods : This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sabeetang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Rhizoma Coptidis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Fructus Gardeniae (1don;3.75g), No.3 Ramulus Cinnamomi (1don), No.4 Gypsum Fibrosum (1don), No.5 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (1don), No.6 Cortex Magnoliae Omcinalis (1don), and No.7 Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (1don) Results : There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen according to the five elements doctrine : purging the spleen, purging the lung and invigorating the liver. First, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your spleen. There are two available methods, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the bitter taste and the cool property purge the spleen. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with bitter taste. Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, three herbal medicines with the cool property, Gypsum Fibrosum, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your lung which is child in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the lung, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the pungent taste and the warm property purge the lung. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste purgation and warm ones for property purgation. Both pungent and warm herb and property invigoration to invigorate the liver with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both pungent and warm herbal medicines, Ramulus Cinnamomi and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, were combined to invigorate the liver and purge the lung. In addition, Gypsum Fibrosum are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, leading all the herbal medicines composing the formula to the spleen. Conclusions : First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, the methods of purging the spleen and the lung, and invigorating the liver should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sabeetang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : There are four kinds of formulas for invigorating the kidney to cure its asthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Boshintang, Boshinhwan, Boshinsan, and Boshingaeng. There are 16 kinds of Boshintang, 28 kinds of Boshinhwan, 3 kinds of Boshinsan, and one kind of Boshingaeng. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for invigorating the kidney, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Boshintang for curing the asthenic syndrome of kidney through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Boshintang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Boshintang. Methods : This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Boshintang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Boshintang is an even prescription, composed of 6 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Fructus Lycii (3don;11.25g), No.2 Radix Polygoni Multiflori (1don:3.75g), No.3 Sarcucarpium Corni (1don), No.4 Fructus Schisandrae (1don), No.5 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (5poon: 1.875g), and No.6 Cortex Phellodendri (5poon) Results : There are three methods for curing the asthenic syndrome of kidney according to the five elements doctrine : invigorating the kidney, invigorating the lung and purging the spleen. First, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to invigorate your kidney. There are two available methods, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the bitter taste and the cold property invigorate the kidney. In the case of taste invigoration, two herbal medicines with bitter taste, Fructus Lycii and Radix Polygoni Multiflori, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property invigoration, two herbal medicines with the cold property, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Cortex Phellodendri, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to invigorate your lung which is mother in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to invigorate the lung, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the sour taste and the cool property invigorate the lung. Therefore, it is important to use sour herbal medicines for taste invigoration and cool ones for property invigoration. Both bitter and cool herbal medicines, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Cortex Phellodendri, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Lastly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to purge your spleen which is an element being surpassed in the relationship between the elements surpassed and ones not surpassed in inter-restraint among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the spleen, which include taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. Taste purgation means to purge the spleen with bitter taste and property purgation to purge the spleen with cool property. Therefore, it is important to use bitter herbal medicines for taste purgation and cool ones for property purgation. Both bitter and cool herbal medicines, Rhizome Anemarrhenae and Cortex Phellodendri. were combined to purge the spleen and invigorate the kidney. In addition, Rhizome Anemarrhenae and Cortex Phellodendri are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, reinforcing the kidney energy. Conclusions : First, to cure the asthenic syndrome of the kidney, the methods of invigorating the kidney and the lung, and purging the spleen should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Boshintang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2012

As the Reublic of Korea revised the Commercial Code including 40 articles of air transport enacted newly on May 23, 2011, so Korea became first legislative examples in the Commercial Code of the developed and developing countries. I would like to explain briefly the main contents of my paper such as (1) history of enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law, (2) legal background enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law and the problems on the conditions of air transport, (3) every countries' legislative examples on the civil liability of aircraft's operator, (4) unlawful Interference Convention and general risk convention of 2009, (5) main contents and prospects of the revised Commercial Code for the liability of aircraft's operator etc as the followings. Meanwhile as the Aviation Act, Commercial Code and Civil Code in Korea and Japan did not regulated at all the legal basis of solution on the disputes between victims and offender for the amount of compensation for damage due to personal or property damage caused by aircraft accidents in Korea and Japan, so it has been raised many legal problems such as protection of victims, standard of decision in trial in the event of aircraft accident's lawsuit case. But the Korean Revised Commercial Code including Part VI, air transport regulations was passed by the majority resolution of the Korean National Assembly on April 29, 2011 and then the South Korean government proclaimed it on May 23 same year. The Revised Commercial Code enforced into tothe territory of the South Korea from November 24, 2011 after six month of the proclaimed date by the Korean Government. Thus, though Korean Commercial Code regulated concretely and respectively the legal relations on the liability of compensation for damage in the contract of transport by land in it's Part II (commercial activities) and in the contract of transport by sea in its Part V (marine commerce), but the Amended Commercial Act regulated newly 40 articles in it's Part VI (air transport) relating to the air carrier's contract liability on the compensation for damage caused by aircraft accidents in the air passengers and goods transport and aircraft operator's tort liability on compensation for damage caused by the sudden falling or collision of aircraft to third parties on the surface and so it was equipped with reasonable and unified system among the transport by land, marine and air. The ICAO adopted two new air law conventions setting out international compensation and liability rules for damage caused by aircraft to third parties at a diplomatic conference hosted by it from April 20 to May 2, 2009. The fight against the effects of terrorism and the improvement of the status of victims in the event of damage to third parties that may result either from acts of unlawful interference involving aircraft or caused by ordinary operation of aircraft, forms the cornerstone of the two conventions. One legal instrument adopted by the Conference is "the Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference Involving Aircraft" (Unlawful Interference Convention). The other instrument, "the Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties" (General Risk Convention), modernizes the current legal framework provided for under the 1952 Rome Convention and related Protocol of 1978. It is desirable for us to ratify quickly the abovementioned two conventions such as Unlawful Interference Convention and General Risk Convention in order to settle reasonably and justly as well as the protection of the South Korean peoples.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.118-131
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• 2000

Background : A continuous healthcare quality improvement is needed to provide high quality healthcare service as well as to maintain trust in terms of satisfying the needs of the patients. Recently it also became an essential issue. in hospital management, recognized for it's competitive potentiality among healthcare organization groups. This study was conducted to analyze patient complaints and issues received by the Quality Improvement Department. Its purpose is to improve healthcare qualities within the hospital, as well as establish policies and appropriate strategies in hospital management. Method : From July 1st to September 30th of the year 1999, we analyzed all complaints and issues made by various patients and their families, which were received through 24 hour phone consultation, numerous suggestion boxes, letters and E-mails, The issues were classified into 16 different categories based on a Patient Satisfaction Assessment Tool. All data were segregated according to the departmental frequencies and their contents. To come up with for environmental and patient satisfaction improvement, all complaints or issues were communicated with hospital administrators, medical and nursing staff and employees. Comprehensive customer satisfaction activities including improving phone etiquette were discussed in Customer Satisfaction Team, CQI Team and each Department. All opportunities for improvement were implemented. Feedback actions were discussed. Results : A total of 317 cases were collected. Issues regarding parking and other accommodation facilities were most common complaints that were 14.5% of total. Issues regarding admission rooms (10.7%), admission procedures (10.7%), waiting room environment (8.8%), nurses and nurse assistants (7.6%), physicians (6.6%) and others (23%) followed. Thirteen of 45 departments received more than 8 complaints. The Nursing Department had the most complaint, receiving 9.8% of total complaints. Complaints regarding the Nursing Department were predominantly related to the environment of patient rooms. The Department of Psychiatry for phone etiquette (4.7%), Department of Otolaryngology for the nursing staff's attitude and phone etiquette (4.4%), and the Admission Department followed. As a part of efforts to improve patient satisfaction, a new parking structure was built and reallocation of the parking space was done. Renovation of other accommodation facilities were carried out by hospital administration, Monthly phone call and answering attitude survey was done by QI Department. Based on this survey we made a phone etiquette manual and distributed throughout the hospital. Compare to the last year, Patient Satisfaction Index measured by Korea Productivity Center using National Customer Satisfaction Index was improved 7 points. According to our organization's own study, we confirmed the phone etiquette was improved 11% than last year. Conclusions : Issues related to parking and other accommodation facilities ranked first followed by complaints made regarding the patient care area, the admission and cashier process, and nurses' and doctors' attitude. The Nursing and Psychiatry Departments need improvement regarding phone etiquette. Results were shared and played a vital role in policymaking and strategic planning of the hospital. It is imperative that we keep our database updated by listening to and solving the needs of each patient. The CQI activities can be achieved only by full commitment of the hospital top management supported by related personal.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.307-319
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• 1998

This study is an empirical investigation and study on the measurement of nursing service quality as perceived by patients. A series of H1. H2. H3 alternative hypotheses were tested using a sample of 250 patients in Taegu City. Korea. HI hypothese were tested for application of five component of service quality (SERVQlTAL and SE RPERF : tangiblity. reliability. responsiveness. accessibility. understandability) in Taegu area Hospitals. Validity test - the five components of service quality were rearranged into two components of service quality (personal factor. nonpersonal factor). Although SERVQUAL was verified in USA. application for five components of service quality in Korea indicated that it need more analytical studies. Nobody can deny the fact that the recent growth of the nursing service quality is one of the most important driving forces of hospital management. In many hospitals. the nursing quality charges more than 50% of the medical service quality. As a result. many hospital managers should be enormous interests in the investment potentiality of the nursing service. However. doesn't many researchers invest their time and effort on the research of the quality control in nursing service. Nursing service management is the process to satisfy customer's desires and expectations through the various service activities. Presently nursing service are being faced with three Common tasks of improving quality of nursing service. competitively differential advantage and productivity because of quantitative expansion of Nursing service. Such a phenomenon is also found in our medical service industry. resulting from increasing demands for medical service owing to national medical insurance policy and consumer's attitude change emphasizing prevention of illness. excessiveness of medical facilities in large cities and increasing medical lawsuits due to influence of consumerism. Therefore. under such circumstances. this research on nursing service is conducted from nursing managements to improve the nursing service quality problems faced by medical institutions. The results of this theoretical/empirical research are as follows: 1. Nursing service Quality is regarded as patients' perceived quality and evaluated on the basis (5 dimension) of technical and functional quality. 2. Nursing service Quality is a concept of patients evaluation on the measurable multi-dimensions intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of service. 3. Nursing service Quality is conceptually defined as the difference between the perceived service and the expected service. 4. Korean consumers trend to evaluate nursing service quality based on such dimensions as responsiveness and reliability. understandability. accessibility. tangibility. 5. After analyzing whether or not there are some differences in respective medical institution. it was found that there are significant difference on understandability. reliability. communicability. courtesy. competence. 6. After analyzing the difference between the expected nursing service and the nursing perceived service, it was found that the expected nursing service is higher than the perceived service in every medical institution. 7. HI hypothesis was tested with regard to the validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF in nursing service quality. The result of validity test between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF was found to have differential result. That is the R2 of SERVPERF is higher than that of SERVQUAL. Therefore. HI was verified in nursing management. H2. H3 hypotheses were tested whether or not the nursing service quality and patient satisfaction is the preceding variable. The result of H2 hypothes is that the nursing service quality is the preceding variable of patient satisfaction and the patient satisfaction is that of revisiting intention. After analyzing whether or not there is any differences on the demographic variable of five nursing service quality factor. it was found that there are statistically significant differences on communicability and courtesy at the sex. understand ability. accessibility and tangibility at the age. understandability at the academic background respectively.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

최근 휴대폰에서 개인 정보 보안의 중요성이 대두되고 있으며, 이에 따라 생체인식 기능이 내장된 휴대폰에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 휴대용 기기에 홍채인식기술을 적용하기 위한 방법을 제안한다 기존의 홍채 인식 알고리즘에서는 고 배율의 줌 렌즈(zoom lens)와 초점렌즈(focus lens)를 사용하여 홍채인식에 사용될 확대된 홍채영상을 획득하였다. 이와 같이 이 전에 휴대폰에 홍채인식기술을 적용하기 위해서는 줌 렌즈와 초점렌즈를 추가 장착하여야 했으며, 이는 가격 상승과 부피 증가의 문제를 발생시켰다. 그러나 최근 휴대폰의 멀티미디어 기기 융 복합 추세로 인해 휴대폰 내에 장착된 메가픽셀 카메라(Mega-pixel Camera)의 성능이 급속히 발전함에 따라, 고 배율의 줌 렌즈 및 초점렌즈(zoom & focus lens) 없이도 확대된 홍채영상의 획득이 가능하게 되었다. 즉, 메가 픽셀 카메라 폰을 사용하여 사용자로부터 원거리에서 취득한 얼굴영상에서의 홍채영역이 홍채인식을 수행하기 위한 충분한 픽셀정보를 가지게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 얼굴영상에서 각막에 반사된 조명 반사광을 기반으로 휴대폰에서의 홍채인식을 위한 고속 홍채검출 방법을 제안한다. 또한 눈, 카메라, 조명 모델을 기반으로 각막에 반사된 조명반사광의 밝기와 크기를 추정하는 이론적 배경을 제안하며, 입력영상에서 태양광의 존재 유무와 광학적으로 또는 피사체의 움직임에 의해 반사된 흐림 현상 (Optical & Motion blur)을 판별하기 위해 조명을 연속적으로 On/Off 시키는 방법을 제안한다. 실험결과, 삼성 SCH-S2300(150MHz의 ARM 9 CPU) 휴대폰에서 홍채 영역 추출 총 수행시간은 평균 65ms이었고, 홍채 검출 성공률은 태양광이 존재하지 않는 실내에서 99%, 태양광이 존재하는 실외에서 98.5%였다._{SSH}$ 전압이 약 1.1V 일 때까지 오류 없이 동작함을 관측하였다. 본 논문의 SRAM 스위칭 전력감소는 I/O의 bit width가 증가하면 더욱 더 중요해질 것으로 예상할 수 있다.어 자료 형태를 32.4%의 순으로 개발을 희망하였다. 다섯째, 주로 사용하는 웹 사이트는 가정과 교사나 교과 연구회에서 운영하는 사이트를 46.2%, 에듀넷이나 한국교육학술정보원(KERIS) 사이트는 30.8%가 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학습 자료 개발은 제작 능력이 있는 가정과 교사들이 교과 연구회를 만들어 공동으로 제작 할 수 있기를 희망하고 있었다. 시대적인 변화와 교육 환경의 변화로 웹 콘텐츠 자료를 활용한 교수 학습 방법이 중요한 도구로 인식되고 있다. 특히 가정 교과는 일상생활에 필요한 기초적인 경험을 실생활과 접목시켜 종합적으로 다루는 교과이기 때문에 다양하고 창의적인 콘텐츠가 절실히 요구되는 실정이다. 본 연구의 결과들에서 제시한 여러 가지 사항들을 고려하여 웹 콘텐츠 자료 활용과 개발이 이루어진다면 보다 효율적인 교수 학습이 이루어질 것으로 기대된다.변연계통과 대뇌겉질 전체에 영향을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는데, 본 실험에서는 네 종류의 바닥핵들, 즉 꼬리핵, 줄무늬체바닥핵, 중격옆핵 및 중격핵과 관련된 신경연접들을 관찰하였으며, 그 결과를 문헌 고찰한 결과 변연계통과 줄무늬체계통이 앞뇌의 바닥에 있는 신경핵들에서 형태학적 교차연결을 통해 정서와 마음의 상태를 행동과 대응으로 표현하는 중요한 신경회로가 존재함을 제안하였다.腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체의 면적보다

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2005

우리나라는 IMF이후 급격한 경기침체로 각 기업을 비롯한 산업체의 구조조정 등 조직내 불신과 갈등이 확산되어 가고 있다. 어느 조직이든 지속적으로 생존${\cdot}$발전하기 위해서는 경영환경 변화에 유연하게 대처해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서는 조직구성원들의 심리적 일체감과 조직에 대한 애착을 도모하고 열정을 높여주는 관리자의 리더십이 무엇보다 중요시된다. 이처럼 리더십의 중요성에도 불구하고 민간경비학 연구영역에서는 관리자의 리더십과 조직의 성과로 직결되는 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 관한 연구가 매우 미비한 실정이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 민간경비 관리자의 리더십유형이 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로써 이 분야에서의 경험적${\cdot}$이론적 자료를 축적하고, 나아가 민간경호경비 분야 발전에 필요한 경영자료를 제시하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 민간경비 관리자의 리더십 유형이 경비원의 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 보면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째로, 연령이 높고 월수입이 많을수록 변혁적 리더십을 보이는 관리자를 더 높게 평가하고 신뢰하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령이 낮고 전문대학 졸업의 경비원일수록 자신에게 돌아오는 손익관계에 의한 계산적 몰입이 더 높게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째로, 관리자가 창의적인 관점을 개발하도록 자극을 주는 리더십을 보일수록 경비원의 직무 만족이 감소하고 있으며, 조건적인 보상을 요구하는 리더십을 보일수록 직무만족이 높아지는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 세 번째로, 관리자가 카리스마적 리더십을 발휘할수록 경비원들이 조직에 대하여 감정적으로 애착을 갖고 조직과의 일체감을 갖는 경향을 나타내고 있다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2012

최근 페이스북이 오픈 플랫폼을 통해 다면시장을 형성함으로써 게임 분야에 소셜이 본격적으로 등장하기 시작하였다. 그중 가장 크게 주목을 받고 있는 분야는 소셜 네트워크를 기반으로 발전한 SNG 분야이다. SNG란 Social Network Game으로 소셜 네트워크 서비스(Social Network Service)의 인맥 관계를 기반으로 제작한 게임을 말한다. SNG의 가장 큰 특징은 게임 실력보다는 네트워크를 통해 이루어진 이웃간의 교류가 게임의 가장 큰 요소로 작용하는 것이다. 이러한 소셜 네트워크 게임의 빠른 성장과 함께 연구되어야할 분야는 인간과 인간, 인간과 게임, 게임과 게임 간의 소통이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 SNG을 플레이하는 유저들의 심리가 소셜을 기반으로 하는 게임 속 캐릭터에 어떠한 영양을 미치는지에 대한 것을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방식은 성격 특성의 상관관계를 검증하는 방식으로 심리학적 성격 5요인 특성(Big Five Factor Model)과 리커트(likert) 척도를 사용하여 유저가 생성한 캐릭터와 성격 5요인 특성을 대입하는 방식을 사용 하였다. 본 논문을 통해 게임을 플레이하는 유저들의 심리상태를 파악하는 방식이 연구되어짐으로써 미래의 소셜 네트워크 게임이 어떠한 방향으로 발전해 나갈 것인지에 대한 준거점 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.693-703
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• 2001

배경 및 목적 : 만성폐쇄성 폐질환은 대부분 후천적으로 발생하며, 흡연은 가장 중요한 유발인자이다. 흡연력이 있는 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자들이 임상적 그리고 병리학적으로 차이가 분명한 만성기관지염과 폐기종의 두가지 형태로 진행한다는 사실은 단순한 흡연력 이외에 흡연과 관계가 있는 다른 인자가 관여함을 시사하고 있다. 저자들은 흡연력이 있는 남자 중 만성폐쇄성 폐질환으로 진단된 환자를 대상으로 흡연력과 흡연습관 및 행태를 조사하여 만성기관지염과 폐기종의 발생과 관련이 있는 흡연습관을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 영남대학교 부속병원 호흡기내과를 방문하였던 환자 중 만성폐쇄성 폐질환으로 진단되고 흡연력이 있는 333명의 남자(폐기종 ; 143명, 만성기관지염 ; 190명)를 대상으로 흡연력에 대하여 설문조사를 하였다. 그러나, 악성 폐종양, 간질성 폐질환, 기관지 확장증, 진폐증, 폐허탈, 흉수 및 흉막유착 등이 있는 경우와 폐렴이나 폐결핵 등 현증 감염성 질환이 있는 경우, 그리고 1초간 노력성 호기량($FEV_1$)이 ${\beta}_2$ 항진제 사용후 10% 이상 증가하는 경우는 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과 : 만성기관지염 환자에 비해 폐기종 환자는 평균 나이가 많고, 흡연량 및 절대흡연량이 많았으며, 흡연을 일찍 시작하였고, 담배연기를 갚이 흡입하는 경향이 있었다(p<0.01). 또한 필터가 없는 담배를 피운 기간도 폐기종환자가 훨씬 길었다(p<0.01). 그러나 피우는 담배의 평균길이는 두 질환 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 나이와 흡연력 및 절대흡연량에 대하여 보정한 후 연기의 흡연정도를 비교한 결과 역시 폐기종 환자에서 더 깊게 흡입하는 경향이 있었다. 결 론 : 폐기종의 발생은 담배연기의 흡입정도와 관계가 깊으며, 담배연기에 대한 폐포의 지속적인 노출은 폐기종 발생에 중요한 요인으로 작용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2009

Background: From November 2006, The national health insurance system in the Republic of Korea began to cover prescribed long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. This study examined the current status of LTOT after national health insurance coverage. Methods: Between November 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008, the medical records of patients who were prescribed LTOT by chest physicians were reviewed. The data was collected from 13 university hospitals. Results: 197 patients (131 male and 66 female) were prescribed LTOT. The mean age was 64.3${\pm}$13.0 years. The most common underlying disease was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=103, 52.3%). Chest physicians prescribed LTOT using arterial blood gas analysis or a pulse oxymeter (74.6%), symptoms (14%), or a pulmonary function test (11.2%). The mean oxygen flow rate was 1.56${\pm}$0.68 L/min at rest, 2.08${\pm}$0.91 L/min during exercise or 1.51${\pm}$0.75 L/min during sleep. Most patients (98.3%) used oxygen concentrators. Only 19% of patients used ambulatory oxygen supplies. The oxygen saturation before and after LTOT was 83.18${\pm}$10.48% and 91.64${\pm}$7.1%, respectively. After LTOT, dyspnea improved in 81.2% of patients. The mean duration of LTOT was 16.85${\pm}$6.71 hours/day. The rental cost for the oxygen concentrator and related electricity charges were 48,414${\pm}$15,618 won/month and 40,352${\pm}$36,815 won/month, respectively. Approximately 75% of patients had a regular visit by the company. 5.8% of patients had personal pulse oxymetry. 54.9% of patients had their oxygen saturation checked on each visit hospital. 8% of patients were current smokers. The most common complaint with LTOT was the limitation of daily activity (53%). The most common complaint with oxygen concentrators was noise (41%). Conclusion: The patients showed good compliance with LTOT. However, only a few patients used an ambulatory oxygen device or had their oxygen saturation measured.