• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권2호
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• pp.171-190
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• 2017

본 연구는 국내의 가계부채 규모가 지속적으로 증가하고 가계의 재정건전성은 약화되는 상황에서 높은 가계부채 수준이 정신건강, 구체적으로 우울감 및 자살생각에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 4~10차(2009~2015년 조사) 자료를 사용하였고, 패널확률효과모형과 패널고정효과 모형을 결합한 하이브리드 방법을 적용하여 인과관계를 종단분석하였다. 연구결과는 높은 가계부채 수준이 우울감의 위험을 상당히 높임을 보여주었다. 가처분소득 대비 총부채액 비율이 400%를 넘는 경우 그 비율이 100% 미만인 경우보다 우울감의 위험이 1.5배 높아졌고, 가처분소득 대비 부채상환액 비율이 30%를 넘는 경우 10% 미만일 때보다 우울감의 위험이 1.66배 상승하였다. 이 연구는 경제적 측면뿐만 아니라 비경제적 측면까지 고려한 신용회복 지원제도의 마련과 함께 과중채무자에 대한 정신건강 서비스 연계의 필요성을 시사한다. 또한 부채수준이 정신건강에 영향을 미치는 중요한 사회경제적 요인임을 확인하여 건강결정요인에 관한 이론을 풍부히 하는데 기여하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to revise Personal Power of Health Care (PPHC) scale which was developed to measure the personal power and competence for health care. Methods: Research phases designed for this study were literature review, scale development, and discussion with experts and pre-test for content validity, and survey for construct validity and reliability. The scale was composed of 25 items with 7 dimensions and tested to 592 adults ranged from 20 to 59 aged living in S and W city. Results: From factor analysis, 7 dimensions were identified and named as follows: Health-perception, Health problem identifying and solving, Socio-economical involvement, Sociocultural relationship, Self-regulation, Spiritual wellbeing, and Health policy participation. The total explained variance was 54.69%. The reliability was .817 of Cronbach's alpha. The PCHC scale was significantly different from gender, religion, education level, monthly income, and presence of family disease, but not different from age and job. Also, there were significant correlations among Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile II, WHO QOL-BREF and self-efficacy. Conclusion: This PCHC scale is reliable and valid to measure personal competence of health care.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2014

Background: This paper describes the relationship and effect of health examination on personal medical cost by identifying the difference of the cost for medical care in physician visit between the population without and with health examination. Methods: After classifying into three cohorts in which, independent variables were designed according to the Andersen's behavioral model, the association of personal medical cost for medical care and prescription drugs which is dependent variable was analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney test for description and gamma regression model for inference. Results: In personal average medical cost, the population with health examination paid significantly more than without health examination, 11.6% more in cohort 2008, 26.6% more in cohort 2009, and 48.0% more in combined cohort. The odds ratio on medical expenditure of outpatients with health examination was 1.067, 1.126, 1.398 significantly in cohort 2008, 2009, and combined cohort respectively, comparing to the group without health examination. In independent variables, that is female, the elderly, never married, non-working, non-metropolitan, the higher family income, the smaller family size, people with disability, the people with chronic disease, and people with health examination have significantly being paid more tendency showing positive association with medical cost. Conclusion: This result showed that medical expenditure in physician visit has been increased after taking a health examination. Therefore reasonable limitation of getting preventive medical service is suggested to avoid medical shopping around and reduce being repeated health examination by unifying control to find out easily the clinical results from various medical facilities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2020

산업자문은 교원이 경영 또는 기술적으로 산업체 등을 컨설팅 하는 일종의 인적용역으로, 통상 산학협력단이 주체가 되어 계약을 하고 교원이 책임자로 자문을 수행한다. 산학협력단이 자문의 대가로 교원에게 지급하는 산업자문료의 소득세 과세가 최근 논란이 되는바, 세무 전문 인력이 부족한 상황에서 동일한 성격의 금원에 대해 대학별로 다르게 원천징수하고 있어 합리적인 과세 기준 제시를 통해 대학의 혼란을 방지할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 산업자문의 속성을 살펴본 후, 우리나라 법령과 과세 사례를 중심으로 논의하고 비판적 고찰을 통해 대학 현장에서 용인될 수 있는 과세 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 교원에게 지급하는 산업자문료는 산학협력단과 교원 간에 실질적인 고용관계가 없다는 점을 감안할 때 일반 과세 이론상 근로소득으로 취급하기는 어렵다. 다만, 산학협력법 및 회계 관행 상 자문료의 지급 근거가 직무발명 보상금과 동일하고, 통상 산업자문 과정에서 직무발명이 자연스럽게 도출되는바, 현행 법 하에서 교원의 산업 자문료는 직무발명 보상금과 동일하게 취급해 소득세법 제20조제1항제5호에 따른 근로소득으로 보는 것이 타당할 것이다. 산업자문을 연구용역과 유사하다고 보아 연구수당처럼 기타소득으로 과세해야 한다는 견해는 산업자문에 대해 별도의 관리규정을 두어 엄밀하게 관리·감독하는 것은 아니어서 소득세법 상 인정되기는 어렵다. 산업자문료의 근로소득 과세는 높은 세율로 인해 산학협력 활동의 위축으로 이어질 수 있는바, 정책 당국의 조속한 과세 체계 정비가 요구되며, 소득세법 시행령 개정을 통해 산업자문을 연구용역과 동일하게 산학협력 유형의 일종으로 규정함으로써 기타소득으로 과세하는 방안이 타당하다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제44권
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• pp.146-177
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• 2001

One of the difficulties of female-headed families face is economic hardship. Low-income single mothers work long hours, become isolated and feel burdened for dual roles. And many of them don't have relatives to share parenting roles. As a result, children of low-income female-headed families are easy to be neglected and left to form a delinquency-prone group in neighborhood. Traditionally, it has been viewed that children in female-headed families have problems due to the loss of father role. However, study indicates that these children can adjust well if the relationship between mothers and children is consistent and adequate. An Intervention program for low-income female-headed elementary children was developed and delivered in two community social welfare centers. The purpose of the program is to raise self-esteem. Two goals were 1) management of daily living habits and 2) improvement of family relations. Social workers maintained contact with mothers to talk about children's behaviors and to prompt hugging and touching. In addition, workers helped children to form good relationships with peers and school teachers. Children were satisfied with the program. Their family relations were improved statistically significantly after the program(wilcoxon signed rant test z=-2.934 p<.05). However, their self esteem were not improved significantly (wilcoxon signed test z=-1.173 p>.05). Qualitative analysis of each children were also discussed. The implications of the study are the followings: Intervention programs need to be delivered separately for low-grade and high grade elementary children because they have different developmental needs. The program also need to include education on sex and marriage as well as aggression reduction. Society needs to provide more support to single mothers for their personal and parenting needs.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 1995~2007년까지의 도시가계조사 원시자료를 이용하여 국내의 가구 교통비 지출구조를 분석함과 동시에 교통비 지출에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 회귀모형을 통해 분석하고, 교통비 지출에 의한 소득분배 효과를 분석하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 교통비 지출구조 및 소득효과 분석에 있어 경제학적 방법론의 적용과 탄력성 분석을 통해 다양한 정책적 시사점을 도출하고 있다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 분석결과, 가구 교통비 지출 부담은 고소득층보다 저소득층에서 상대적으로 더 크고, 공공교통비보다는 개인교통비의 증가가 도시 근로자들의 교통비 지출액 증가에 크게 영향을 미치고 있다. 또한 경제 사회 및 통행특성 등 가구 특성을 반영하는 다양한 요인들이 공공교통비, 개인교통비, 대중교통비용, 자가용 승용차 비용 등 4개의 개별 교통비 지출에 미치는 영향은 서로 다른 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 교통비 지출은 소득 양극화를 가중시키고 있으며, 특히 공공교통비보다는 개인교통비 지출에 의한 부정적 영향이 상대적으로 큼을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issue of poverty is one of the most acute social problems of the beginning of the third millennium. The phenomenon of poverty is widespread in third world countries as well as it is observed in relatively developed countries. Poverty rates in Latin America are threatening. Consequently, the issue of social and economic inequality in these countries has become extremely acute. The purpose of the research: to identify the causes of poverty and social inequality and substantiate the main directions of poverty reduction in third world countries. The research methods: comparative analysis; index method; systematization; grouping; generalization. Results. The classification of the causes of poverty has been carried out and the directions of its overcoming in the countries of Latin America on groups of indicators have been defined, namely: 1) political; 2) economic; 3) demographic; 4) regional-geographical; 5) social; 6) qualification; 7) personal. Based on the Net Domestic Product indicator, a comparison of economic indicators of the studied countries has been carried out. It has been revealed that from 1990 to 2018 income inequality increased in 52 of 119 countries studied, and decreased in 57 states. Inequality has increased in the world's most populous countries, particularly China and India. In general, countries with growing inequality are home to more than two-thirds (71%) of the world's population. Trends in the distribution of income in the world have been investigated by applying the Gini index, the high level of which is observed in Latin America (Colombia 48,9%, Panama 46,1%, Chile and Mexico 45,9%). The forecast of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this issue has been outlined; the ways of its impact on the economies of the countries have been studied. As a result of the study, the main directions and mechanisms of the strategy for poverty reduction and social inequality in the third world countries have been identified. The implementation of the poverty reduction strategy presented in this academic paper may have a positive impact on the economic situation of the population of Latin American countries.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aims to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in Korean older adults and provide basic data for stroke prevention. METHODS: Based on the data from the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 5,750 adults aged 65 or older who participated in the health survey were selected. Risk factors for stroke were analyzed through complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: As a result of this study, the prevalence of stroke among the subjects was 6.20%. Stroke risk factors were elderly, male, low personal income level, and current and past smoking experience. The risk of stroke prevalence was OR 1.076 (95% CI 1.048-1.104) higher with each age increase. According to gender, the risk of stroke prevalence was OR 1.587 (95% CI 1.068-2.358) higher in males compared to females. In the case of individual income level, the risk of stroke prevalence was OR 1.509 (95% CI 1.011-2.253) higher in Q1, the lowest compared to Q4, which has the highest income level, and it was not significant in Q2, and Q3. Compared to non-smokers, current smokers had an OR 1.717 (95% CI 1.087-2.712), and past smokers had an OR 1.546 (95% CI 1.095-2.183). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of stroke in Korean older adults was 6.20%, and the risk factors for stroke were old age, men, low individual income level, and smoking. Therefore, prevention programs and smoking cessation education are needed for subjects with stroke risk factors.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국과 중국 신용카드 시장의 사용현황을 분석하고, 신용카드 시장에서의 경제활동 추이도를 미래측정 알고리즘개발을 통해 측정하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 한국에서는 개인 소득증가와 신용카드 이용액 간에는 유의적인 상관관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며, 1인당 카드 보유수량과 신용카드 이용액 사이에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중국에서는 개인의 소득증가가 신용카드 이용액에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었고, 1인당 카드 보유수량과 신용카드 이용금액 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있음을 발견하였다. 또한, 추이도 관찰을 통해 외부환경에 제약이 없는 조건하에서 향후 5년간 중국의 신용카드 시장은 점진적으로 성장하며, 증가율 또한 점진적으로 증가할 것으로 예측할 수 있었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2005

This study examined the antecedents of psychological empowerment at hospital organizations, and also examined their differential effects among occupational groups within hospitals: doctors, nurses, engineers, and administrative workers. Various variables for multi-level factors were examined as antecedents: tenure, income, work centrality, and career goal as personal factors, job variety, job clarity, job significance, and job fitness as job factors, and security, reward justice, and organizational support as organizational factors. Data were collected from 8 national university hospitals, and 1,289 data were used for final analysis. For the whole groups, all antecedents except reward justice had significant effects on, and explained large amount of variance of empowerment. Results from the analysis for each occupational group showed that income, career goal, and job significance had significant effects on empowerment at all occupational groups, while reward justice had not at any groups. The effects of other variables depended on occupational groups. 1bis study found some important antecedents of empowerment which have been less considered in previous research: career goal, work centrality, security, and organizational support. The finding that differential effects of antecedents on empowerment by occupational groups suggests that group characteristics should be considered for studying empowerment. In this study, for example, personal factors rather than both job factors and organizational factors were more effective for empowerment in the engineering group whose job is relatively simple and clear, while job factors were most effective in other groups. The differential effects of antecedents on empowerment by occupational groups also have practical implications for improvement of empowerment at hospitals. For empowerment, personnel management efforts would be more required for administrative workers than other occupational groups, because they perceived least job clarity, job significance, job fitness among the groups, all of which were found to be important determinants of empowerment for them.