• 제목/요약/키워드: Persistent Shift

검색결과 25건 처리시간 0.029초

Health Conditions Sensitive to Retirement and Job Loss Among Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults

  • Park, Su-San;Cho, Sung-Il;Jang, Soong-Nang
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.188-195
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the association between health condition and leaving the labor market among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea. Methods: Data was obtained from individuals aged 45 years and older participating in the 2006 and 2008 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We used various health measures including chronic diseases, comorbidities, traffic accident injuries, disabilit of instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health. The odds ratios of job loss, and retirement, versus employment were calculated using multinomial logistic regression by each health measure. Results: In our cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, health problems related to physical disabilities had the greatest effect on leaving the worksite. A shift in health condition from good to poor in a short period was a predictor of increased risk of unemployment but a persistent pattern of health problems was not associated with unemployment. Women with health problems showed a high probability of retirement, whereas among men, health problems instantly the possibility of both job loss and retirement. Conclusions: Health problems of middle aged and older workers were crucial risk factors for retirement and involuntarily job loss. Especially functional defect and recent health problems strongly and instanty affected employment status.

Distribution of Monilinia fructicola Isolates Resistant to Dicarboximide or to both Procymidone and Carbendazim in Korea

  • Cha, Byeong-Jin;Lim, Tae-Heon
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.46-50
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    • 2003
  • To evaluate the sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola to dicarboximides used in controlling brown rot of peach, the fungus was isolated from commercial peach orchards in Chochiwon (CH), Chongdo (CD), Gyeongsan (GY), and Youngduk (YO) in Korea. The population shift of dicarboximide-resistant isolates of M. fructicola was investigated for 3 years starting 1998. The frequency of procymidone-resistant isolates (PRI) was higher in CD and GY than in CH and YO. The frequency of PRI was higher in the mid season (July-August) than in the rest of the year. Cross-resistance rate of PRI to iprodione was over 87.8% during the investigation, and double-resistance to both procymidone and carbendazim was less than 10%. However, the rate of cross-resistant isolates to vinclozolin was low. In the orchards in GY and CH without any fungicide spray, the PRI population was persistent and did not vary for 3 years. The results suggest that dicarboximide resistance of M. fructicola could be a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight on peach trees because it may take a long time to recover the population with sensitive isolates even in the absence of these fungicides.

낙농제품의 안전관리 체계 구축 (Implementation of HACCP System of Dairy Products for Safety and Hygienic Quality in Korea)

  • 김옥경
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.9-21
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    • 2000
  • Dairy products eatable instantly have lots of nutriment, but on the other hand they are susceptible to putrefy with careless. Therefore, dairy products should be implemented the critical control points to produce both standard good qualities and hygiene ones without the contamination of hazards, because they could not been produced the perfect products only with ISO 9000 application like other industry. The application of HACCP system for dairy products produced domestically is important to certify hygiene quality and safety. It is necessary to examine regular inspection for the persistent maintenance of HACCP system. If environmental changes and improvement of manufacture facilities by expansion of new system in factory turn shift into HACCP plan, then, it is persistently accomplished the supplementation of deficiency for new hazard analysis through the periodical inspection. So far, HACCP system is mainly applied in dairy plants. If farms producing milk directly set up a sanitary plan, it can also practice sanitary control from farm to table in our country. The only dairy products produced in these conditions can be compatible to ones of other countries, they can be provided consumers over forty million with reliable foods, and contributed to the improvement of public health.

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우백혈구유착결손증(牛白血球癒着缺損症)의 임상(臨床), 혈액(血液) 및 병리조직소견(病理組織所見) (Clinical, hematological, and pathohistological findings of cattle with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD))

  • 정순욱
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.747-751
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    • 1993
  • During the period from April 1991 to July 1992 clinical, hematological, and pathohistological findings of Holstein-friesian calves 47 with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency(BLAD, immunologically ascertained), which were referzed to the clinic for diseases of cattle, veterinary school, Hannover, were described. Most cases show poor body condition, rough and dry in haircoat, salivation, gingivitis, reduction of gingiva and alveolar bone, exposing the incisors' necks, loss of teeth, phlegmonous subcutaneous swellings, ulcerated tongue, recurang fever, coughing, dyspnea, pharyngeal and laryngeal stertor, periodical diarrhea, impaired swallowing, placid and less painsensitive. Relevant laboratory findings are persistent leucocytosis(with more than 30,000 up to 150,000 cells per $mm^3$ of blood), marked neutrophilia(without "shift to the left"), hyperproteinemia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. At post-mortem the carcass of BLAD-affected calves is usually emaciated. All lymphnodes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract appear markedly activated(swollen). Lesions in the mouth(gingivitis, defective dentition, pulpitis/alveolar paraodontitis, ulcerated tongue), throat and larynx(inflammation/ulceration), and lungs(pneumonic foci) correspond to the clinical symptoms seen on the living animal. There may be ulcers on the prestomachal mucosa, hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa with hyperplasia of Peyer's patches, ulceration and/or intramural abscesses. The spleen shows follicular hyperplasia. Microscopically, both myeloand erythropoesis are markedly activated in the bone marrow ; capillaries in many organs show leucocytostasis.

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병원간호인력의 수요추정에 관한 연구 -환자분류체계에 의한 간호인력 수요추계의 방법을 중심으로- (A Study of Staffing Estimation for Nursing Manpower Demand in Hospital)

  • 김유겸
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.108-122
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    • 1986
  • Changing concepts of health care, are stimulating the demand for health care, thereby orienting society to health care rights to such an extent that they are deemed as fundamental ones inalienable to man. Concomitantly, qualitative as well as quantative improvement is being sought in the nursing service field. Today, efforts are being made in various areas, especially to qualitatively improve nursing services. A second issue concerns proper staffing. It is important to study staffing, in as much as it continues to be the most persistent and critical problem facing hospital nursing administrators today. It involves quantity, quality, and utilization of nursing personnel. A great deal of attention has been focused on this problem since mid 1930's when nursing services began to be felt as an important segment of hospital operation representing the largest single item of hospital budgets. Traditionally, the determination and allocation of nursing personnel resources has relied heavily on gloval approaches which make use of fixed staff-to-patient ratios. It has long been recognized that these ratios are insensitive to variations between institutions and among individual patients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to point to the urgent need for the development of methodology and criteria suited to the reality of Korea. The present research selected one place, the W Christian Hospital, and was conducted over a period 10 days from January, and nurses who were them on duty in their unit. The total num-her of patients surveyed was 1,426 and that of 354. The research represents many variables affecting the direct patient care time using the result from the direct observation method, then using a calculation method to estimate the relationship between the patients care time and selected variables in the hospital setting. The amount of direct patient care time varies with many factors, such 89 the patients age. diagnosis and time in hospital. Differences are also found from hospital, clinic to clinic, ward to ward, and even shift to shift. In this research, the calculation method of estimating the required member of nursing staff is obtained by dividing the time of productive patient care activity(with the time of patient care observed), by the sum of the productive time that each the staff can supply, i.e., 360 minutes, which is obtained by deducting the time for personal activities. The results indicate a substantial difference between the time of productive patient care observed directing and the time of the productive patient care estimated using calculating method. If we know accurately the time of the direct patient care on a shift, there required number of staff members calculated if the proper method can be determinded should be able the time of the direct patient care be estimated by the patient classification system, but this research has shown this system to be in accurate in Korea. There are differences in the recommended time of productive patient care and the required number of nursing staff depending upon which method is used. The calculated result is not very accurate, so more research is needed on the patient classification system.

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Facilitation of AMPA receptor-mediated steady-state current by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in supraoptic magnocellular neurosecretory cells

  • Pai, Yoon Hyoung;Lim, Chae Seong;Park, Kyung-Ah;Cho, Hyun Sil;Lee, Gyu-Seung;Shin, Yong Sup;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Jeon, Byeong Hwa;Yoon, Seok Hwa;Park, Jin Bong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.425-432
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    • 2016
  • In addition to classical synaptic transmission, information is transmitted between cells via the activation of extrasynaptic receptors that generate persistent tonic current in the brain. While growing evidence supports the presence of tonic NMDA current ($I_{NMDA}$) generated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs), the functional significance of tonic $I_{NMDA}$ in various brain regions remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of eNMDARs that generate INMDA facilitates the ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated steady-state current in supraoptic nucleus (SON) magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs). In $low-Mg^{2+}$ artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), glutamate induced an inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{GLU}$) at a holding potential ($V_{holding}$) of -70 mV which was partly blocked by an AMPAR antagonist, NBQX. NBQX-sensitive $I_{GLU}$ was observed even in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -40 mV or -20 mV. $I_{GLU}$ was completely abolished by pretreatment with an NMDAR blocker, AP5, under all tested conditions. AMPA induced a reproducible inward shift in $I_{holding}$ ($I_{AMPA}$) in SON MNCs. Pretreatment with AP5 attenuated $I_{AMPA}$ amplitudes to ~60% of the control levels in $low-Mg^{2+}$ aCSF, but not in normal aCSF at $V_{holding}$ of -70 mV. $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 was also prominent in normal aCSF at depolarized holding potentials. Memantine, an eNMDAR blocker, mimicked the AP5-induced $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation in SON MNCs. Finally, chronic dehydration did not affect $I_{AMPA}$ attenuation by AP5 in the neurons. These results suggest that tonic $I_{NMDA}$, mediated by eNMDAR, facilitates AMPAR function, changing the postsynaptic response to its agonists in normal and osmotically challenged SON MNCs.

Prostaglandin E2 Reverses Curcumin-Induced Inhibition of Survival Signal Pathways in Human Colorectal Carcinoma (HCT-15) Cell Lines

  • Shehzad, Adeeb;Islam, Salman Ul;Lee, Jaetae;Lee, Young Sup
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제37권12호
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    • pp.899-906
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    • 2014
  • Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) promotes tumor-persistent inflammation, frequently resulting in cancer. Curcumin is a diphenolic turmeric that inhibits carcinogenesis and induces apoptosis. $PGE_2$ inhibits curcumin-induced apoptosis; however, the underlying inhibitory mechanisms in colon cancer cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the survival role of $PGE_2$ and whether addition of exogenous $PGE_2$ affects curcumininduced cell death. HCT-15 cells were treated with curcumin and $PGE_2$, and protein expression levels were investigated via Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were confirmed using specific dyes. The nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) DNA-binding was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). $PGE_2$ inhibited curcumin-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and degradation of PARP and lamin B. However, exposure of cells to the EP2 receptor antagonist, AH6809, and the PKA inhibitor, H89, before treatment with $PGE_2$ or curcumin abolished the protective effect of $PGE_2$ and enhanced curcumin-induced cell death. $PGE_2$ activates PKA, which is required for cAMP-mediated transcriptional activation of CREB. $PGE_2$ also activated the Ras/Raf/Erk pathway, and pretreatment with PD98059 abolished the protective effect of $PGE_2$. Furthermore, curcumin treatment greatly reduced phosphorylation of CREB, followed by a concomitant reduction of $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50 and p65) subunit activation. $PGE_2$ markedly activated nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. EMSA confirmed the DNA-binding activities of $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunits. These results suggest that inhibition of curcumin-induced apoptosis by $PGE_2$ through activation of PKA, Ras, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways may provide a molecular basis for the reversal of curcumin-induced colon carcinoma cell death.

재정건전성 담론 해체하기: 미디어담론에 내포된 프레임 구조와 변화를 중심으로 (Interplays among Public Opinion, Public Policy and Discourse: Case Study about the Discursive Structure and Media Politics Surrounding the Fiscal Soundness Policy)

  • 강국진;김성해
    • 한국언론정보학보
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    • 제63권
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    • pp.5-25
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    • 2013
  • '재정건전성'은 사회적 양극화와 복지강화에 대한 사회적 요구에도 불구하고 적극적 재정정책에 제동을 거는 강력한 반론으로서 기능하고 있다. 일반적으로 재정건전성이란 정부 재정의 지속가능성을 가리키는 개념이라고 할 수 있지만 객관적인 지표로 확정되어 있는 것은 아니다. 해당 국가의 잠재력과 경제상황 및 사회적 합의 등에 따라 가변적이다. 어떤 맥락에서 사용하느냐에 따라 진단과 처방이 전혀 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 재정건전성이 갖는 정치적 편향성에 대한 문제의식이 없을 뿐만 아니라 이를 둘러싼 담론정치를 본격적으로 분석한 연구도 없었다. 이 연구는 재정건전성이라는 정책을 하나의 담론으로 간주하고 이 담론을 구성하는 프레임과 태도, 관점, 세계관을 파악하고자 했다. 담론을 통한 정치가 어떤 논리 및 감성구조로 진행되는지를 살펴본 연구다. 분석을 통해 정책담론으로서 재정건전성은 감세 긴축과 증세 복지라는 상반되는 두 가지 프레임이 상호 경쟁한다는 것을 밝혀냈다. '감세 긴축 프레임'에선 복지정책 요구에 반대하며 감세 정책을 옹호한다. 이는 감세 긴축 프레임이 공급중시 경제학의 핵심논리인 '낙수효과'와 신자유주의를 내재화하고 있기 때문이다. 반면 '증세 복지 프레임'에선 '부자감세'를 비판하고 부자증세, 더 나아가 보편증세를 대안으로 제시한다. 여기에는 신자유주의 비판, 공공성회복과 '국가의 역할' 재고찰이라는 입장이 자리잡고 있다.

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위성 고도계와 해수면 재구성 자료를 이용한 기후변동성에 따른 태평양 해수면 변화 (Pacific Sea Level Variability associated with Climate Variability from Altimetry and Sea Level Reconstruction Data)

  • 차상철;문재홍
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2018
  • Previous studies have indicated a great regional difference in Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Pacific and it has been suggested that this is linked to climate variability over the past two decades. In this study, we seek to identify the possible linkage between regional sea level and Pacific climate variability from altimetry-based sea level data (1993-2012) and further investigate how the Pacific sea level has changed spatially and temporally over the past 60 years from long-term sea level reconstruction data (1953-2008). Based on the same method as Zhang and Church (2012), the Inter-annual Climate Index (ICI) associated with the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o-Southern$ Oscillation (ENSO) and the Decadal Climate Index (DCI) associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are defined and then the multiple variable linear regression is used to analyze quantitatively the impact of inter-annual and decadal climate variability on the regional sea levels in the Pacific. During the altimeter period, the ICI that represents ENSO influence on inter-annual time scales strongly impacts in a striking east-west "see-saw mode" on sea levels across the tropical Pacific. On the other hand, the decadal sea level pattern that is linked to the DCI has a broad meridional structure that is roughly symmetric in the equator with its North Pacific expression being similar to the PDO, which largely contributes to a positive SLR trend in the western Pacific and a negative trend in the eastern Pacific over the two most recent decades. Using long-term sea level reconstruction data, we found that the Pacific sea levels have fluctuated in the past over inter-annual and decadal time scales and that strong regional differences are presented. Of particular interest is that the SLR reveals a decadal shift and presents an opposite trend before and after the mid-1980s; i.e., a declining (rising) trend in the western (eastern) Pacific before the mid-1980s, followed by a rising (declining) trend from the mid-1980s onward in the western (eastern) Pacific. This result indicates that the recent SLR patterns revealed from the altimeters have been persistent at least since the mid-1980s.

인공지능을 이용한 웹기반 건축현장 안전관리 플랫폼 개발 (Development of Web-based Construction-Site-Safety-Management Platform Using Artificial Intelligence)

  • 김시욱;김은석;김치경
    • 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2024
  • 4차 산업혁명 시대에 건설산업은 전통적인 업무 방식에서 디지털 프로세스로 전환하고 있다. 특히, 건설산업의 특성으로 인해 업무 절차의 변경에는 어려움이 따르며, 점진적인 디지털 전환 및 시행착오가 발생하고 있다. 건설현장의 안전관리 분야도 역시 이 흐름을 따라 모든 데이터의 디지털화와 자동화를 목표로 연구 및 시도가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 최근의 통계에 따르면, 건설업 안전사고는 계속해서 발생하고 있으며, 안전사고 사망자 수도 줄지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 건설공사 안전관리 종합정보망의 빅데이터를 대규모 언어모델 인공지능을 통해 분석하였다. 분석된 결과는 실시간으로 업데이트가 가능한 상세설계모델로부터 위치정보와 공간적 특성을 반영하여 안전관리가 필요한 현장모델링에 정보를 맵핑하였다. 해당 연구를 통해 건설현장 안전관리 데이터의 디지털화를 통한 시설물 및 근로자의 안전을 강화하고, 건설사고 예방 및 효과적인 교육 지시를 위한 빅데이터 기반 안전관리 플랫폼 개발을 목표로 한다.