• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-93
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• 2001

This study provides allocation methods and transaction instances of introducing pilot projects of $SO_2$ emission trading that recently rises as an scheme for effective emission regulation to internalizing environmental externalities. The emissions caps that is the total endowment of $SO_2$ emission permits are calculated in each emission plant by considering methods for distributing those permits-by giving them away or by selling them at auction. The method adopted in this study has several defects in application of the reality. However, this study may have contributions to cognize the importance of, allowance trading among the participants and to firstly design the allocations of emission permits for each plant using real emission data.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2003

This study was conducted to collect basic marketing and management data from businesses run by farmers producing traditional Kanjang and Doenjang, fermented soybean products. The actual conditions of the fermentation processing sites at farmhouses participating in the production of soybean fermentation products were investigated. The subjects of this survey were 130 small size farmhouse Kanjang and Doenjang processing sites nationwide. The frequency, percentage, t-value, chi-square, and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The farmhouse business surveyed were generally operated by rural women for non-farming business income. The percentage of co-worked sites was 71.2 while the percentage of sites operating with permits was 39.2. Generally, the the facilities, size, number of working people, and output were very small. The areas in which the products were sold, site-located regions and region metropolises, were equally weighted. Sales volumes in region metropolises for sites with permits were a little higher than sites without permits. Without regard to operation type, the percentage of sales was highest in cases of direct sale by customer order. Co-worked sites have been found to have more experience in publicity than individually operated sites. As for methods of publicity, co-worked sites use mass media such as newspapers and broadcasting. Individually operated sites usually use social organizations and acquaintances. It was found that the average sales of each site totaled 25 million Won. The average income of each site was 12 million Won, and average income per participant was 3 million Won. Total sales income for sites with permits was significantly higher than sites without permits. But personal income was much higher at individually operated sites without regard to whether the site had a permit or not. This kind of business was found to contribute to an individual's time management skills as well as instill a sense of pride.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2017

Emissions Trading System (ETS) is utilized in many countries, including South Korea, as an efficient policy to abate GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions. Grandfathering on the basis of historic emissions is used as the way to allocate permits in South Korea. It, however, has caused an increase in the emission permits and lack of equity. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose an alternative DEA model for centralized allocation of emission abatement to evaluate the amount of emissions abatement by company based on the energy efficiency. In addition, an empirical analysis of 36 assigned companies for ETS in Korean metal industry is conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed model. The result of the analysis shows that energy-efficient companies achieve reduced target of the emissions abatement and companies with low energy efficiency score are turned out to have contrary outcome, against the result of applying Grandfathering.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.415-446
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• 2002

Due to its cost effectiveness, tradeable emission permits (TEP) system has been effectively used in the USA and many other advanced countries. But, academic many researchers have been argued that TEP system would not work as an efficient regulatory tools when there are imperfect competition in permits and/or products markets. Sartzetakis (1997), however, show that TEP system can serve as an effective environmental regulation under the certain demand/cost conditions even though duopolistic production market is not competitive. In this paper we extend Sartzetakis's analysis into the differentiated products markets under the same cost conditions, and examine the relative efficiency of TEP system by comparing it with the command and control system. We then show that the main results of Sartzetakis can hold if two differentiated products markets have the symmetric demands. In particular, it is revealed that social welfare will be increased under TEP system even though consumer surplus may be decreased.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.689-733
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 다수의 교환비율을 가진 이산화황 배출허가권을 거래하기 위한 계획을 평가하였다. 이러한 비율들은 가상의 사회비용 최소화 과정 속에서 배출권자들의 한계 환경규제준수 비용에 기초하여 정해진다. 이러한 계획은 일대일 방식의 배출권거래로 알려진 현존하는 미국 환경국의 거래프로그램과 대조되어 고찰되었으며 두 정책들 모두 동일한 배출총량을 발생시키는 것으로 모형화하였다. 이산화황의 집중도와 건강피해 정도에 더하여 두 정책들 사이에서의 소비자와 생산자 잉여를 알아보기 위해 미국 환경산업에서의 부분균형을 수량화한 모형이 사용되었다. 그 결과 지역오염 수준은 두 정책에 따라 상당히 크게 변화되는 것으로 발견되었다. 다양화된 교환비율들의 구조는 단일비율하에서의 배출권거래보다 산업이익 측면에서는 22억 달러, 그리고 건강피해규모에서는 21억 달러만큼 능가하는 것으로 평가되었으나 소비자 잉여를 67억 달러만큼 감소시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 기대와는 달리 교환비율들은 25억 달러만큼 총후생을 감소시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 실증적인 문제일 수도 있지만 근본적으로는 메커니즘 디자인의 설정에 기인한다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.167-198
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• 2011

최근 우리나라는 2020년 Business-As-Usual(BAU) 대비 30%를 감축하는 탄소배출 감축안을 목표로 설정하였다. 탄소배출 감축목표 달성의 한 방편으로 탄소배출권 거래제가 논의되고 있는 상황이지만, 탄소배출권 거래제를 실시하기 위해서는 가장 먼저 초기 탄소배출권의 배분문제가 해결되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 탄소배출권 초기배분방식 결정이 우리 경제에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는가를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 협조적 게임이론인 bankruptcy problem에서의 배분방법을 적용해 배출권을 각 산업별로 배분하였다. 산업별 이산화탄소 배출량은 에너지 통계와 산업연관표를 결합한 하이브리드 산업연관표를 이용해 추계하였다. 세 가지 분배방법에 따른 경제적 파급효과 분석에는 녹색성장회계(green growth accounting) 방식이 적용되었다. 분석결과, 2005년~2007년 기간 동안 우리나라의 연평균 경제성장률은 약 4.36%로 추계되는데, Proportional rule에 의한 배분에 의하면 4.03%, Constrained Equal Awards rule에 의한 배분에서는 4.23%, 마지막으로 Constrained Equal Losses rule에 의한 배분으로는 3.67%로 추산되었다. 따라서 경제성장률 측면에서 보면 Constrained Equal Awards rule에 의한 초기 탄소배출권 배분이 가장 바람직한 것으로 분석된다. 이처럼 초기 배출권의 산업별 배분방식이 어떻게 결정되느냐에 따라 경제에 미치는 파급효과가 매우 상이하게 나타나기 때문에 탄소배출권 도입 및 시행을 위해서는 산업 수준의 연구결과를 반영해야 하며, 각 산업의 특성을 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 건축사
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• 통권650호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2023

• 건축사
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• 통권655호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2023

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.6-14
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• 1985

The layered multi-barrier defense situation against penetrating enemy threat is analytically modeled towards minimizing the penetration probability. Each layer is characterized by probability of detection and probability of kill given detection. The two capabilities are assumed independent. Detection in a layer, however, affects detection performance in subsequent layers. The following three models were formulated and investigated: (1) 'Model A' permits increase of detection performance in only the next barrier, (2) 'Model B' permits the increase in all subsequent barriers linearly, and (3) 'Model C' expresses the increase in an asymptotic exponential way. The best and the worst barrier combinations are determined through model exercise and model performances are compared through sensitivity analysis for the 'intensification factor.'

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권11S호
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• pp.3219-3228
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• 1999

Currently, car information service systems are lack of providing retrieval service, because most of them aim for buying and selling. Thus, in this paper, we design and implement CISS(Car Information Service System on Internet) to provide efficient retrieval for car information. In CISS, we collect information of cars on Internet and construct the lattice structure for efficient retrieval. And we provide retrieval convenience by implementing of Car Browser that permits gradual refinement of the index term by browsing through lattice graph and that permits keyword-based retrieval.