• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

Chemical plant's fire and explosion does not only damage to the chemical plants themselves but also damage to people in or near of the accident spot and the neighborhood of chemical plant. For that reason, Chemical process safety management has become important. One of safety management methods is called 'the quantitative analysis', which is used to reduce and prevent the accident. The results of the quantitative analysis could be used to arrange the equipments, evaluate the minimum safety distance, prepare the safety equipments. In this study we make the computer program to make easy to do Quantitative analysis of the accident. The output of the computer program is the magnitude of fire(pool fire and fireball) and explosion(UVCE and BLEVE) effects. We used the thermal radiation as a measure of fire magnitude and used the overpressure as a measure of explosion magnitude. In case of BLEVE, the fly distance of fragment can be evaluated. Also probit analysis was done in every case. As the case study, Buchun LPG explosion accident in Korea was analysed by the program developed. The simulation results showed that the permissible distance was 800m and probit analysis showed that 1st degree bum, 2nd degree burn, and death distances are 450, 280, 260m, respectively the simulation results showed the good agreement with the results from SAFER PROGRAM made by Dupont.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The "Historic city Preservative law" was legislated for the preservation of cultural properties and enacting regulations of managing the environment around them in 2004. This law was revised to "Historic city Preservative and Development law" in 2012, and specified the criteria for permissible behaviors in the preservative district. Therefore, this paper focused on the ancient capital Gyeongju and developed a comprehensive system for evaluating the value of the ancient historic district based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Through the evaluation of the ancient historic districts, which are the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan", some preferential projects were objectively proposed. As a result, according to the evaluation among 10 ancient historic districts in Gyeongju, Daereungwon got a score of 78.34, which is the highest among 7 special preservation districts. On the other side, the Gyo-dong area got a score of 76.14, the highest among 3 historic and cultural environmental districts. Finally, for the preservation and development of Gyeongju, some efficient preservation and development plans were objectively proposed for the pilot project districts in the "Gyeongju Ancient Capital Preservation Plan".

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.892-896
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• 2008

In construction work's process of a basic planning, we must carry out a topographical for construction reserved land and to the basis of this, production of profile is Indispensable factor for the purpose of every construction work such as road, rail way, canal and etc. From this research, the production of profile about construction reserved land, using topography information of numerical value topographical map produced by NGIS construction project, construct precision 3D topography model and from this, propose plans for utilizing by producing automatic profile. With the aim of this, abstract every layers of main facilities and altitude from numerical value topographical map and while producing 3D topography model by using this, we produce and product automatic profile from construct precision 3D topography. And about the produced profile's process, a topographical by mutual analysis was carried out to check whether the automatic produced profile's accuracy could be accepted at actual estimation and permissible accuracy. It is considered that the result of the research could be suggested as a new formation techniques concept which can reduce the designing time and expenses and increase the efficiency of planning in the basic design process for the construction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 1979

The soils and plants were sampled from 26 sites of Deogpyeongri, Goisangun, which had been found to be one of the uranium deposit areas. Uranium levels of the samples were determined and the amount of uranium intake by the residents through the food-chains was estimated. The average uranium concentration of Deogpyeongri soils was 15.5ppm with a range of from 4.9 to 43.6ppm showing rather higher values than those of control area, Yangjugun and Icheongun, Gyeonggi-do. The average uranium content of the plant samples from Deogpyeongri was 0.69ppm, about twice the uranium concentration of the control samples. The daily intake of uranium by an adult lived on the agricultural food stuffs produced in Deogpyeongri, was estimated to be about $247{\mu}g$, eqivalent to $0.83{\times}10^{-4}{\mu}Ci$, which is much higher activity compared to the daily intake of uranium by New York citizen, $1.3{\mu}g$. However the calculated uranium level accumulated in the human body of Deogpyeong area was $2.03{\times}10^{-4}{\mu}Ci$ which is still lower than $0.2{\mu}Ci$, the maximum permissible burden in total body recommended by the ICRP.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the freezing index and frost penetration depth. The freezing index and frost penetration depth were analyzed using air temperature and temperature profile of pavement system in Korea LTPP-SPS(Long Term Pavement Performance-Specific Pavement Study) site. The predicted frost penetration depth were then compared with the measured one from the LTPP sites. And the trend of annual freezing index was analyzed using the temperature data of meteorological stations located in the vicinity of Korea LTPP-SPS site. The result showed that the freezing index was rapidly decreased since 1987, and it was known that the use of freezing index determined from the past 30 years temperature data could cause the over estimates in the pavement thickness design. The temperature profile measured at 3 sections of LTPP-SPS sites showed that the temperature of subbase layer was above $0^{\circ}C$, even though anti-frost layers were found in these sections. Comparing the measured and calculated frost depth, the frost depth calculated from the subgrade frost penetration permissible method showed a similar trend with the measured frost depth.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.201-215
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• 1993

The health status of workers in a foundry was analyzed in a study which consisted of evaluations of respiratory health together with environmental measurements. The results from environmental measurements showed values exceeding permissible exposure limits. A t-test was done with log transformed and untransformed data to examine the statistical significance for the noncompliance with exposure standards. For the analysis of categorical health outcomes, $\chi$-square test with 2 $\times$ 2 tables and logistic regression analysis were employed. For continuous variables, multiple linear regression was done against assessed risk factors. Pros and cons of different parameters in the compliance (or noncompliance) testing were presented. Respiratory function did not show any relation with occupational exposures, which may be due to the healthy worker effects. Strategies for controlling time dependent covariates were discussed in relation to the healthy worker effect. The scope of statistical analysis in occupational health studies is still limited in Korea without a suitable external comparison group such as credible vital statistics for the whole nation. Internal comparisons between different exposure status often result in unstable estimates of effect, and proportional morbidity study is discussed as an alternative potential research tool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-245
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• 2007

Previous finite element studies have shown that AASHTO Standard load distribution factor (LDF) equations appear to be conservative for longer spans and larger girder spacing, but too permissible for short spans and girder spacing. AASHTO LRFD specification defines the distribution factor equation for girder spacing, span length, slab thickness, and longitudinal stiffness. However, this equation requires an iterative procedure to correctly determine the LDF value due to an initially unknown longitudinal stiffness parameter. This study presents a simplified LDF equation for interior and exterior girders of two-span continuous I-girder bridges that does not require an iterative design procedure. The finite element method was used to investigate the effect of girder spacing, span length, slab thickness, slab width, and spacing and size of bracing. The computer program, GTSTRUDL, was used to idealize the bridge superstructures as the eccentric beam model, the concrete slab by quadrilateral shell elements, steel girders by space frame members, and the composite action between these elements by rigid links. The distribution factors obtained from these analyses were compared with those from the AASHTO Standard and LRFD methods. It was observed through the parametric studies that girder spacing, span length, and slab thickness were the dominant parameters compared with others. The LRFD distribution factor for the interior girder was found to be conservative in most cases, whereas the factor for the exterior girder to be unconservative in longer spans. Furthermore, a regression analysis was performed to develop simplified LDF formulas. The formulas developed in this study produced LDF values that are always conservative to those from the finite element method and are generally smaller than the LDF values obtained from the AASHTO LRFD specification. The proposed simplified equation will assist bridge engineers in predicting the actual LDF in two-span continuous I-girder bridges.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 2011

The applications of chemical fertilizers and various types of organic materials may cause heavy metal accumulation in soil. In this study, we conducted to investigate the relationship between the different chemical forms of heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn retained in soil and the metal concentrations in Korean raspberry plant. Forty five soil samples were collected from 2 to 6 years old Korean raspberry cultivation fields (RCFs), Gochang, Korea, to determine total, exchangeable (1.0 M $MgCl_2$-extractable), DTPA-extractable metal contents. The leaves and fruits of raspberry plant were sampled at harvest stage. Total metal contents in soils ranged from $0.87mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $66.82mg\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable and DTPA-extractable metals ranged between 0.02 and $0.67mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $7.07mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The metal concentrations in the plant leaf and fruit determined on a dry-basis were between $1.30mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $38.82mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $21.51mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, but Cd and Pb were not detected in the leaf. The total, exchangeable, and DTPA-extractable contents of the metal ions in soil were directly correlated one another, but the contents of different metals in the different fractions were inversely correlated in general. Most of total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were directly correlated with the contents of the same metals in the plant, whereas exchangeable metals in the soil were not statistically correlated with the same metals in plants. Thus, we concluded that the metal contents in the raspberry field soils were much lower thanthe levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS), and the plant metal concentrations were also less than the maximum permissible limits. The total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were closely related to the metal concentrations in the plant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.541-550
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• 2003

E2 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) comprises a surface of viral particle together with E1 glycoprotein, and is thought to be involved in the attachment of HCV viral particle to receptor (s) on the permissible cells including hepatocytes, B cells, T cells, and monocytes. We constructed a phage library expressing cellular proteins of hepatocytes on the phage surface, which turned out to be 8.8${\times}$$10^5$ cfu of diversity and carried inserts in 95% of library. We screened both cDNA phage library and 12-mer peptide library to identify the cellular proteins binding to E2 protein. Some intracellular proteins including tensin and membrane band 4.1 which are involved in signal transduction of survival and cytoskeleton organization, were selected from cDNA phage library through several rounds of panning and screening. On the contrary, membrane proteins such as CCR7, CKR-L2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor were identified through screening of peptide library. Phages expressing peptides corresponding to those membrane proteins were bound to E2 protein specifically as determined by neutralization of binding assay. Since it is well known that HCV can infect T cells as well as hepatocytes, we examined to see if E2 protein can bind to CCR7, a member of C-protein coupled receptor family expressed on T cells, using CCR7 transfected tells. Human CCR7 cDNA was cloned into pcDNA3.1(-) vector and transfected into human embryonic kidney cell, 293T, and expressed on the surface of the cell as shown by flow cytometer. Binding assay of E2 protein using CCR7 transfected cells indicated that E2 protein bound to CCR7 by dose-dependent mode, giving rise to the possibility that CCR7 might be a putative cellular receptor for HCV.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 1972

This experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of radiation and antiseptics on the keeping qualities of pork sausage, which was treated with potassium sorbate and AF-2(2-(-2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide), and then followed by gamma radiation of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 Mrad. Amounts of treated antiseptics were a quarter, half, and full levels of their maximum permissible concentration. Irradiated and unirradiated sausages were stored for 50 days at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, and their changes in rancidity, volatile basic nitrogen, bacterial counts, pH, and sensory analysis were examined during the storage period. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Preservative effects of antiseptics were manifested at cold storage; antiseptics treatment of a quarter-level and unirradiation following low-temperature storage showed the same good keeping qualities as the combined treatment of full-level antiseptics and radiation of 0.25 Mrad following high-temperature storage. 2) There did not appear to recognize irradiation-odor, while color and odor were deteriorated intensively by storage temperature. Sausage irradiated with 0.75 Mrad has shown slightly noticeable off-odor at the end of storage at $25^{\circ}C$. 3) The most suitable radiation dose was considered to be 0.5 Mrad, which could extend the storage life about $2{\sim}3$ times longer than untreated.