• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2003

도심지에서 열악한 지반조건에서의 터널 시공을 때때로 불가피 하다. 터널의 안정성 증대와 인접 구조물의 손상을 방지하기 위하여 지반 개량과 보강이 요구된다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 보조 공법으로 강관 다단 그라우팅은 근래에 국내의 터널 현장에 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강관 다단 그라우팅으로 보강된 터널의 막장 안정성을 평가하였다. 건조한 지반에서는 지보압이 강관 다단 그라우팅으로 인해 크게 감소하지 않으나 지하수위 하에서 터널시공 시 터널 막장에 발생하게 되는 침투수력은 상대적으로 크게 감소하였다. 투수계수의 이방성이 터널 막장에 작용하는 침투수력에 미치는 영향은 역학해석과 지하수 흐름해석의 연계해석을 통하여 검토되었다. 수직방향에 비해 수평방향의 투수계수가 큰 경우 터널 막장에 작용하는 침투수력은 감소하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1994

CoCr/NiFe 이중매체의 기록, 재생특성은 CoCr 기록층뿐만 아니라 NiFe연자성층의 자기적 특성에도 강하게 영향을 받는다. NiFe/Ge의 다층화로 CoCr/NiFe 매체의 기록감도와 재생전압을 증 가시킬 수 있었으며 이것은 연자성층의 높은 투자율과 CoCr기록층의 높은 수직이방성에 기인하였다. 그러나 연자성층의 투자율의 향상이 기록감도의 현저한 향상에 비해 재생전압의 현저한 증가를 가 져오지 못하는데 이것은 유한요소수치해석에서도 확인할 수 있었다. 반면에 NiFe/Ge 다층연자성박 막을 사용한 CoCr/NiFe 매체의 피크이동(peak shift)특성은 NiFe 단층연자성박막을 사용한 CoCr/NiFe 매체에 비해 악화되었다. 그러나 CoCr층과 NiFe층 사이에 10 nm의 CoZrNb 박막을 삽입시키면 높은 재생전압과 낮은 파크이동을 동시에 얻을 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 는 이러한 기록, 재생특성을 미 세구조와 연관시켜 검토하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2008

Hydrogeologic properties of a well field around middle mountainous areas in Pyosun, Jeju volcanic island were examined based on water level monitoring, geologic logging and pumping test data. Due to the alternating basaltic layers with varying permeability in the subsurface, it is difficult to analyze the hydraulic responses to artificial pumping and/or natural precipitation. The least permeable layer, detrital materials with clay, is found at a depth of 200 m below surface, but it is not an upper confining bed for lower main aquifer. Nevertheless, this layer may serve as a natural barrier to vertical percolation and to contaminant migration. Water levels of the production wells are dominantly affected by pumping frequently, while those of the remote observation wells are controlled by ambient precipitation. Results of pumping tests revealed a possible existence of horizontal anisotropy of transmissivity. However, some results of this study include inherent limitations enforced by field conditions such as the consistent of groundwater production and the set of time periods for the cessation of the pumping prior to pumping tests.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.172-176
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• 2002

This paper describes a MEMS-based micro-fluxgate magnetic sensing element using Ni$\_$0.8/Fe$\_$0.2/ film formed by electroplating. The micro-fluxgate magnetic sensor composed of a thin film magnetic core and micro-structured solenoids for the pick-up and the excitation coils, is developed by using MEMS technologies in order to take advantage of low-cost, small size and lower power consumption in the fabrication. A copper with 20um width and 3um thickness is electroplated on Cr(300${\AA}$)/Au(1500${\AA}$) films for the pick-up(42turn) and the excitation(24turn) coils. In order to improve the sensitivity of the sensing element, we designed the magnetic core into a rectangular-ring shape to reduce the magnetic flux leakage. An electroplated permalloy film with the thickness of 3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ is obtained under 2000Gauss to induce magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic core has the high DC effective permeability of ∼1,100 and coercive field of -0.1Oe. The fabricated sensing element using rectangular-ring shaped magnetic film has the sensitivity of about 150V/T at the excitation frequency of 2MHz and the excitation voltage of 4.4Vp-p. The power consumption is estimated to be 50mW.

• 센서학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.389-393
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• 2007

Soft ferromagnetic materials are very useful for many sensors using magnetic materials demanding high permeability, low coercivity and low hysteresis loss. Among them, FeCoSiBNi amorphous magnetic films show a good impedance change (about 5.01 %/Oe, at 10 MHz) by the exterinal magnetic field in this experiment. The magnetic films are produced by melt-spun method, one of the rapid solidification process. Ribbon shape wires were made from the films, and let them annealed in DC magnetic field to increase the maximum Giant Magneto Impedance ratio. Field annealing decreases the stress and changes the effective anisotropy. Thus, we can find that the impedance change (200.47 %) is improved and the fabricated magnetic wire has characteristics of good sensor element.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.170-172
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• 2008

Fe-6.5% Si alloys have good magnetic properties due to their high electrical resistivity, very low magneto-striction, and low crystalline anisotropy. Despite their strong potential, these alloys have seldom been used in magnetic applications because of the very poor ductility of Si-steel above 3.0 wt% Si [1-4]. It is difficult to achieve compressed Fe-6.5% Si powder cores with excellent properties because of the low density due to poor ductility. In compressed powder cores, high density is essential in order to obtain high magnetization and permeability. In this study, an attempt was made to produce Fe-3%Si powder cores because the Fe-3.0 wt% Si alloys have relatively good magnetic properties and room temperature ductility. Gas atomized Fe-3.0 wt% Si powder was compressed into toroid shape cores. By reducing the Si content to 3.0 wt%, the hysteresis loss could be greatly reduced and thus the total core loss could be minimized. The total core loss is 600 mW/$cm^3$ at 0.1 T and 50 kHz.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2005

We present a micro fluxgate magnetic sensor having solenoid coils and racetrack shaped magnetic core, which was designed to decrease the .operating power and magnetic flux leakage. Electroplated copper coils of $6\;{\mu}m$ thickness and the core of $3\;{\mu}m$ thickness were separated by benzocyclobutane (BCB) having a high insulation and good planarization characters. Permalloy $(Ni_{0.8}Fe_{0.2})$ as a magnetic core was also electroplated under 2000 gauss to induce the magnetic anisotropy. The core had the high DC effective permeability of $\~1,300$ and coercive field of $\~0.1$ Oe. The fabricated fluxgate sensor had the very small actual size of $3.0\times1.7\;mm^2$. The fluxgate sensor with a racetrack shaped core had the high sensitivity .of $\~350$ V/T at excitation condition of 3 $V_{P-P}$ and 2 MHz square wave. When two fluxgates were perpendicularly aligned in terrestrial field, their two-axis output signals were very useful to commercialize an electronic azimuth compass for the portable navigation system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2003

This paper describes a MEMS-based micro-fluxgate magnetic sensing element using Ni$\_$0.8/Fe$\_$0.2/ film formed by electroplating. The micro-fluxgate magnetic sensor composed of a thin film magnetic core and micro-structure solenoids for the pick-up and the excitation coils, is developed by using MEMS technologies in order to take advantage of low-cost, small size and lower power consumption in the fabrication. A copper with 20${\mu}$m width and 3${\mu}$m thickness is electroplated on Cr (300${\AA}$) / Au (1500${\AA}$) films for the pick-up (42turn) and the excitation (24turn) coils. In order to improve the sensitivity of the sensing element, we designed the magnetic core into a rectangular-ring shape to reduce the magnetic flux leakage. An electroplated permalloy film with the thickness of 3${\mu}$m is obtained under 2000 gauss to induce magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic core has the high DC effective permeability of ~1,100 and coercive field of ~0.1 Oe. The fabricated sensing element using rectangular-ring shaped magnetic film has the sensitivity of about 150 V/T at the excitation frequency of 2 MHz and the excitation voltage of 4.4 V$\_$p p/. The power consumption is estimated to be 50mW.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

A highly sensitive magnetic sensor using the Giant MagnetoImpedance effect has been developed. The sensor performance is studied and estimated. The sensor circuitry consists of a square wave generator (driving source), a sensing element in a form of composite wire of a 25 $\mu$m copper core electrodeposited with a thin layer of soft magnetic material ($Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$), and two amplifier stages for improving the gain, switching mechanism, scaler circuit, an AC power source driving the permeability of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing element into a dynamic state, and a signal pickup LC circuit formed by a pickup coil and an capacitor. Experimental studies on sensor have been carried out to investigate the key parameters in relation to the sensor sensitivity and resolution. The results showed that for high sensitivity and resolution, the frequency and magnitude of the ac driving current through the sensing element each has an optimum value, the resonance frequency of the signal pickup LC circuit should be equal to or twice as the driving frequency on the sensing element, and the anisotropy of the magnetic coating layer of the sensing wire element should be longitudinal.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2005

가스분무법으로 제조한 $35\~180\;{\mu}m$ 크기의 $Fe-6.0wt\%Si$ 합금분말에 대하여 인산염계 절연물질을 피막처리하고 $600\~900^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 열처리한 후 압축성형한 압분자심(분말코아)의 자기적 성질 및 기계적 특성을 조사하였다. 대체적으로 열처리온도가 증가할수록 압축강도가 감소하였으며, 자심손실 또한 낮아졌다. $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 경우 압축성형강도가 15 kgf, 100 kHz에서 실효투자율은 74, 품질계수는 26, 50 Oe의 직류자장 하에서 퍼센트투자율은 78 정도의 값을 나타내었으며, 50 kHz-0.1 T에서 자심손실은 $750\;mW/cm^3$였다. 그리고 투자율-주파수 곡선 상에서의 cut-off 주파수는 거의 200 kHz 이상에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. $Fe-6.0wt\%Si$ 합금 압분자심의 이러한 제반 특성은 인산염 피막의 양호한 전기절연효과와, 고규소농도에 따른 합금의 결정자기이방성 및 포화자기변형의 감소, 전기비저항의 증대 등 기초 물성의 변화에 기인하는 것으로 사료되었다.