• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2007

This research is the hair damage as treating a perm before and after that is compared the change of surface characteristics of human hair. On the basis of this, we would to show a basic data for hair damage prevention and hair improvement to keep the beautiful and healthy hair. Results are as follows; For the change of formational characteristics of hair surface, untreated hair before the perm treatment had smooth appearance overall and undamaged scale that is in pattern and finely folded was observed but damaged hair and extremely hair had uneven edge and damages throughout along with the dissolution of scale which the border of epidermal gap is unclear. Hair after a perm treatment caused cortical exposures due to extensive loss of scale during the treatment and even bubble effect. Protein perm, regular perm, soft perm, and direct heating perm, in that order, had the most damages to the hair.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This research is compared and analyzed variations of the heavy metal contents in human hairs according to treating permanent wave manipulation before and after and permanent wave agents. This is the survey of women's hairs in 19 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of exposing of heavy metal scientifically. Also, we would to show a basic data for the permitted limits of heavy metal to keep the healthy hair The conclusion is as follows.; Mean contents of heavy metal in hairs is 2.11 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cd), 2.62 ppm (Ni), 256 ppm (Zn), 8.45 ppm (Cu). In reducing agents (processing lotions) of perm, 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 15.45 ppm (Zn), 0.86 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 2.30 ppm (Pb), 0.05 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 13.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). In oxidizing agents (neutralizer) of perm, 1.40 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.09 ppm (Ni), 9.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.02 ppm (Cd), 0.16 ppm (Ni), 8.00 ppm (Zn), 0.85 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). Mean contents of lead(Pb) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 3 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.05). Mean contents of cadmium(Cd) showed significant differences (p<0.001) according to 2 treating both perm agents. Mean contents of nickel (Ni) showed neither. Mean contents of zinc (Zn) showed significant differences according to 2 treating cysteine perm agents (p<0.001) and 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.01). Mean contents of copper (Cu) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.001).

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

In this study, the changes in hair quality before and after Magic straight perm have been evaluated through a hair damage measurement method. For this, a healthy high school student's (age18 years) wavy hair was selected and permed on the left and right sides. Then, the changes caused by physical methods which were applied during the fl at iron-based Magic straight perm were evaluated based on the hair damage measurement method before and after the Magic straight perm. According to the protein release test after the Magic straight perm, 1.26% in average and 0.14% was observed in Cool Magic straight perm sample. In a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) test, saw teeth-shaped partial desquamation of cuticle cells and impurities were observed in the warm-treated hair sample. In atomic force microscope (AFM), line-profile is a method to represent roughness data on hair. According to analysis on 3-dimensional (3D) images, the hair with Cool Magic straight perm was lower than the hair with Warm Magic perm in terms of the color change of 3D images. In addition, vertical changes were observed in the hair with Cool Magic perm. As a result, irregular surface roughness was observed. This study proposed a method to minimize hair damage by cooling down the heat with the cool hair straightener as soon as the Warm Magic was finished.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2008

These days hair perm and dye is a modern trend that women prefer to create their own image and personality. However, chemicals for hair perm and dye are easy to damage hair. This study, then, is to find out some effective skills to minimize hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time. The subjects were 200 hairs picked from five healthy women in their twenties which have not been permed and dyed since one year and more ago. The experimental group was divided into two groups: 1)the perm- nutritional treatment- dye (PNT) group 2)the dye- perm- nutritional treatment(DPN) group. After experiments, the states of "hair scale", "hair damage", and "color tone in dyed hair" were compared between two groups. The results are as follows: to lessen hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time, nutritional treatments must be necessarily used on hair. To make hair colored more clearly when hair dye is done, it is more desirable to use nutritional treatments on hair.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.312-325
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• 2020

헤어 미용 산업체 현장에서 열 펌시술은 업무의 효율을 높이고 매출 증가에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치기 때문에 선호하는 미용시술이다. 본 연구에서 수도권 소재 헤어 샵 종사자 262명을 대상으로 열펌인 셋팅 펌과 디지털 펌 기기의 사용이유, 사용만족도, 재구매 의향에 대해서 설문조사하였다. 그 결과 펌 시술은 헤어 시술의 32.1%를 차지하였고, 디지털 펌기기의 사용이 셋팅 펌기기보다 많았다. 사용 이유는 셋팅 펌기기에서 종사기간이 길수록 웨이브가 잘 걸려, 탄력적이어, 직급은 높을수록 웨이브 유지력, 긴 머리에 시술 할 수 있어, 매출도움이 된다가 유의미하게 높았고, 디지털 펌은 종사기간이 길수록 웨이브가 잘 걸려와 매출에 도움이 되어가 유의미하게 높았다(p<0.05). 사용 만족도중 원하는 스타일의 웨이브를 연출 할 수 있다가 디지털 펌 기기에서 종사기간이 길수록 유의미하게 높았고, 재구매 의향은 셋팅 펌에서 종사기간이 길고 직급이 높을수록 유의미하게 높았다(p<0.05). 셋팅 펌과 디지털 펌 기기의 사용 이유는 사용 만족도, 재구매 의향과 좋은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 사용 이유 중 매출에 도움이 되어서, 웨이브가 잘 걸려서, 웨이브가 탄력적이어서, 긴머리에 시술 할 수 있어서가 원하는 스타일의 웨이브 연출과 재구매 의향에 유의미하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 열펌 시술은 매출에 도움이 되고, 웨이브가 잘 걸리며, 긴 머리에 시술 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 시술이 간편하기 때문에 헤어 샵에서 종사기간이 길고 디자이너 이상의 직급이 선호하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2006

Perm is one the of the most common thing in a beauty salon like hair-cut and hair perm needs processing solutions which is chemical substances. Those chemical substances damage the hair cuticle. Damaged hair cuticles with mistakes of perm will follow with the next performance and it will cause more damage to hair. As damage of hair cuticle become worse, it is harder to recover the hair cuticle like before. Therefore, this study shows that plain rinse is the way to reduce the damage of hair cuticle with perm as much as possible. With experiments, I suggest the right way to do plain rinse to satisfy customers' demand and reduce the damage. During the research, I figured that plain rinse with the knowledge, structure of hair cuticle, principle of perm and plain rinse, is very needed. The hair with plain rinse have more elastic curl and have less scales which came off from hair cuticle than the hair without plain rinse. This experiment concludes that hairdresser has to figure out about the time, temperature and type of water depends on the degree of damaged hair of customers. In order to perm, there is no way to not to use chemical substances to perm. Therefore, hairdresser has to choose suitable processing solutions and right steps, and as this is the age of 'well-being' boom, hairdresser must try to keep the healthy hair. Consequently, in order to meet the demands and conditions of customers, hairdresser needs to find the right method to do plain rinse and use the method in perm.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This study has attempted to figure out the effects of the surface heat of perm rods on hair. For this, after forming perm waves, hair damage and its causes have been investigated with a different hair bleach method. If hair was bleached immediately without shampooing after a perm using the heat of rods, great perm waves were formed. However, severe damage was found on the hair because of the heated rods. In addition, when hair was shampooed and dried after the perm, hair bleach was more effective. It has been confirmed that hair was damaged because of high temperature of the surface of the rods. In fact, the heated rods had a direct effect on hair damage. According to these results, it has been confirmed that heat-based perms can accelerate hair damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study on the minimization of the heating of permanent tools.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2019

Modern biotechnological industries have been attempting to improve the efficiency of bacterial strain cultivation. Millimeter wave electromagnetic radiation can have a varied influence on E. coli cultivation processes. The results of the study revealed that when a microwave radiation of low intensity is applied to positively adjust the conditions for the accumulation of bacterial culture biomass, a significant role is played not only by radiation parameters, but also by concomitant biological factors, which influence the reproducibility of the cultivation process and help obtain a useful biotechnological effect. The authors suggest a model that can be used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in the buildup of E. coli biomass under the influence of electromagnetic radiation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2010

This paper presents a new architecture, called "Power Electronics Remote Wiring and Measurement Laboratory (PermLAB)", that translates a common gateway interface (CGI) string from a remote web user to a web server connected to a 3-dimension switching matrix board, can be used to switch on and off, and to control a cluster of instruments and components. PermLAB addresses real-time connection, switching, and data acquisition over the Internet instead of using simulated data. A software procedure uses a signature system to identify each instrument and component in a complex system. The Web-server application is developed in HTML, JavaScript and Java, and in C language for the CGI interface, which resides in a controller portion of LabVIEW. The LabVIEW software fully integrates the Web sever, LabVIEW data acquisition boards and controllers, and the 3-dimensional switching matrix board. The paper will analyze a half-wave rectifier (AC - DC converter) circuit connected over the Internet using the PermLAB. PermLAB allows students to obtain real data by real-time wiring of real circuits in the laboratory using a "virtual breadboard" on the Web. The software for the Web-based 3-dimensional system is flexible, portable, can be integrated into many laboratory applications or expanded, and easily accessible worldwide.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2000

In the present paper we consider a problem of choosing the rational way to carry on the metal processing (the problem of stochastic optimization) and the problem of determing the unknown characteristics of parameters described with random variables.