• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.457-462
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• 2009

역설적 반응은 감수성 있는 항결핵제를 복용중인 결핵 환자에서 치료시작 당시의 병변이 악화되거나 새로운 병변이 생기는 현상이고 이는 치료실패와 감별을 요한다. 일반적으로 역설적 반응은 기존 항결핵 치료로 좋은 결과를 보이므로, 이러한 임상 경과를 잘 이해함으로써 불필요한 검사나 치료약제 변경 등을 하지 않고 적절히 치료할 수 있게 될 것이다. 저자들은 적절한 항결핵제 치료 중에도 역설적 반응으로 결핵성 뇌농양, 결핵성 복막염이 연속적으로 병발한 환자 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2016

Herein, we report a 39-year-old female patient presenting with gastric cancer and tuberculous peritonitis. The differential diagnosis between advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and early gastric cancer with peritoneal tuberculosis (TB), and the treatment of these two diseases, were challenging in this case. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for peritoneal TB if the patient has a history of this disease, especially in areas with a high incidence of TB, such as South Korea. An early diagnosis is critical for patient management and prognosis. A surgical approach including tissue biopsy or laparoscopic exploration is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.454-458
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• 2015

1년령의 고양이가 호흡 곤란 주증으로 내원하여, 방사선, 초음파, CT 검사에서 우측 후엽의 폐 종괴, 다수의 흉벽 종괴를 동반한 흉막 비후, 다량의 흉수 소견이 확인되었다. 두 달 뒤 소장과 좌측 신장에서 다수의 결절들이 추가로 관찰되었고, 조직 검사와 면역 염색을 통해 고양이 전염성 복막염과 흉막 폐렴으로 진단되었다. 비삼출성 고양이 전염성 복막염에 의한 화농육아종성 폐렴이 발생한 한 마리 증례가 보고되어 있으며, 방사선 검사에서 폐엽의 경화상이 관찰되었다. 본 증례는 삼출성 고양이 전염성 복막염에서 흉막 폐렴이 다수의 종괴 양상으로 관찰된 드문 증례로 영상학적 특징을 평가한 첫 보고이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.826-831
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• 1999

${\beta}-Glucan$, one of the major cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is known to enhance the immune function, especially by activating macrophages. Accordingly, in an effort to develop a safe and efficient immune stimulatory agent, we prepared crude ${\beta}-glucan$ (glucan-p1) and partially purified ${\beta}-glucan$ that was free of mannoproteins (glucan-p2), and evaluated their effect on both the macrophage function and resistance to E. coli-induced peritonitis. To investigate the function of the macrophages, phagocytosis, $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion, oxygen burst, and the expression of cytokine genes such as $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were analyzed. Glucan-p2 markedly stimulated the macrophages with all these parameters. Glucan-p1, however, did not stimulate phagocytosis, yet it induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion, oxygen burst, and the expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12, although less efficiently than glucan-p2. Finally, to test the in vivo protective effect of {\beta}-glucan against infection, the survival of mice from E. coli-induced peritonitis was investigated. After 24 h of the peritoneal challenge of E. coli, all of the mice treated with glucan-p2 survived whereas none survived in the control group. Glucan-p1 showed only a marginal effect in protecting the mice. These results suggest that mannoprotein-free gluean-p2, but not gluean-p1, can serve as an effective immune-stimulating agent.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권52호
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• pp.335.1-335.17
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• 2018

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious infectious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, information about prognosis of SBP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is limited. We investigated the clinical course of SBP in HCC patients. Methods: This study enrolled patients diagnosed with SBP between 2005 and 2017. Medical records of patients were reviewed and clinical course was compared between the non-HCC and HCC groups. Results: In total, 123 SBP cases including 49 HCC cases were enrolled. Men were predominant (48/74, 64.9% vs. 34/49, 69.4%; P = 0.697); median age was 58 years in both non-HCC and HCC groups (P = 0.887). The most common etiology was alcohol (32/74, 43.2%) in non-HCC group and hepatitis B (30/49, 61.2%) in HCC group (P = 0.009). Antibiotic resistance rate was higher in non-HCC than in HCC group (29.7% vs. 12.2%; P = 0.028); in-hospital mortality did not differ between the groups (25/74, 33.8% vs. 13/49, 26.5%; P = 0.431). Development rate of hepatorenal syndrome did not differ between non-HCC and HCC group (14/74, 18.9% vs. 10/49, 20.4%; P = 1.000), but hepatic encephalopathy was less common in HCC group (26/74, 35.2% vs. 9/49, 18.3%; P = 0.008). The most important predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with HCC was white blood cell count above $11,570cells/mm^3$ (odds ratio, 6.629; 95% confidence interval, 1.652-26.590; P = 0.008). Conclusion: Prognosis of SBP in HCC patients is relatively less severe. This result may be related with reduced antibiotics resistance and lower development rates of other complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Degree of systemic inflammation may be the most important factor for in-hospital mortality.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2023

A 1-year-old castrated male Korean Shorthair cat presented with dyspnea, anorexia, lethargy, and seizures. Physical examination revealed salivation, right forelimb hemiparesis, and rapid breathing. No abnormalities were detected on auscultation. Laboratory findings revealed increased levels of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), globulin, glucose, and a decreased albumin-to-globulin (A:G) ratio. Both N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and feline serum amyloid A (fSAA) levels were significantly elevated. Thoracic radiography revealed mild cardiomegaly and diffuse increased interstitial infiltration with soft tissue opacity in the periphery of the right caudal pleural space. Echocardiography and lung ultrasonography were performed to investigate the cause of mild cardiomegaly and soft tissue opacity in the pleural space. Echocardiography revealed a mild amount of echogenic pericardial effusion, and lung ultrasonography showed an echogenic soft tissue mass with no blood signal in the right caudal pleural space, suggestive of a granulomatous lesion. After obtaining 5 mL of pericardial fluid through pericardiocentesis, cytology of the pericardial effusion sample revealed marked neutrophils and macrophages with no bacteria. IDEXX feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of the FIP virus biotype in the sample. This case presents a rarely reported atypical mixed form of FIP in a cat diagnosed ante-mortem using pericardial effusion analysis. In this case, ultrasound examination played a crucial role in the definitive diagnosis of FIP by PCR biotyping through pericardiocentesis. Ultrasonography can be highly beneficial in guiding the diagnosis and evaluation of cats with suspected FIP.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27.1-27.16
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• 2022

Background: The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection is not completely understood. Objectives: This study examined the expression of TLR3, TLR7, TLR9, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon (IFN)-β, and interleukin (IL)-10 upon an FIPV infection in Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and feline monocytes. Methods: CRFK cells and monocytes from feline coronavirus (FCoV)-seronegative cats and FCoV-seropositive cats were infected with type II FIPV-79-1146. At four, 12, and 24 hours post-infection (hpi), the expression of TLR3, TLR7, TLR9, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IL-10, and the viral load were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viral protein production was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Results: FIPV-infected CRFK showed the upregulation of TLR9, TNF-α, and IFN-β expression between 4 and 24 hpi. Uninfected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats showed lower TLR3 and TLR9 expression but higher TLR7 expression compared to uninfected monocytes from FCoV-seronegative cats. FIPV-infected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats downregulated TLR7 and TNF-α expression between 4 and 24 hpi, and 4 and 12 hpi, respectively. IFN-β was upregulated early in FIPV-infected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats, with a significant difference observed at 12 hpi compared to FCoV-seronegative cats. The viral load in the CRFK and FIPV-infected monocytes in both cohorts of cats was similar over time.ConclusionTLR7 may be the key TLR involved in evading the innate response against inhibiting TNF-α production. Distinct TLR expression profiles between FCoV-seronegative and FCoV-seropositive cats were observed. The associated TLR that plays a role in the induction of IFN-β needs to be explored further.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

To explore the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts of Petasites genus, we studied the effects of s-petasin, a major sesquiterpene from Petasites formosanus (a butterbur species) on asthma and peritonitis models. In an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model, s-petasin significantly inhibited the accumulations of eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar fluids. S-petasin inhibited the antigen-induced degranulation of ${\beta}$-hexosamidase but did not inhibit intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in RBL-2H3 mast cells. S-petasin inhibited the LPS induction of iNOS at the RNA and protein levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, s-petasin inhibited the production of NO (the product of iNOS) in a concentration-dependent manner in the macrophages. Furthermore, in an LPS-induced mouse model of peritonitis, s-petasin significantly inhibited the accumulation of polymorpho nuclear and mononuclear leukocytes in peritoneal cavity. This study shows that s-petasin in Petasites genus has therapeutic effects on allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as, asthma and peritonitis through degranulation inhibition in mast cells, suppression of iNOS induction and production of NO in macrophages, and suppression of inflammatory cell accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2004

Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the peritonitis occurence of CAPD, by which a basis for efficient patient management could be provided. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires and hospital record from 55 people who underwent or were going through CAPD from January 1998 to April 2004 in a university subsidiary hospital kidney department. Result: 1) There were many elderly people of 61 years or above taking up 50.9%, 75% had low levels of education with middle school graduation or less, and the cases where separate individual rooms enabling the exchange of CAPD were not possessed was shown to be 61.8%. 2) With the management feature of CAPD, those who bathed once or less per 7 days made up 60.0%, and 60% washed their hands well before exchanging solutions which meant that 40% did not wash well or just washed moderately, and in terms of CAPD education, the proportion of those receiving education both before and after dialysis was 29.1%. also, with nutrition conditions, cases where the level of serum albumin was lower than 3.0 made up 38.2%, and those who were conducting self CAPD management was 65.5%, and cases where the management was done by the spouse or family members was revealed to be 34.5%. 3) There were Peritonitis occurrences in 40% of cases, and the number of Peritonitis occurrences within the period was 36, with an occurrence rate of $0.65{\pm}0.99$. Also, 66.7% of the causing bacteria were no growth, Gram positive bacteria made up 27.8%, and Gram negative bacteria consisted of 5.5%. 4) No significant difference was found peritionitis occurrence according to general and management characteristics. Lower peritionitis occurrence were shown with those who had spouses or family members conducting CAPD management as opposed to self-managing patients(p=0.037). Conclusion: Elderly patients there needs to be the participation of family or other support resources rather than subjecting them to self-management of solution exchange and entry/exit. Also, The high occurrence rate from Gram positive bacteria is shown so the importance of CAPD management education including bathing and hand washing needs to be emphasized.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.387-389
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• 2013

8년령의 중성화하지 않은 암컷 시츄견이 자궁축농증을 치료받기 위해 충남대학교 부속동물병원에 내원하였다. 임상증상으로 질출혈, 외음부출혈, 다식, 다음/다뇨 및 구토 등이 있었다. 혈액검사상으로는 미약한 백혈구감소증이 있었고 혈청화학적으로 ALP 감소 및 GLU 증가가 있었다. 방사선, 초음파 및 복강천자로 이루어졌으며 자궁축농증에 의한 복막염으로 잠정 진단하였다. 수술적 처치로 난소자궁적출술을 실시하였으며 생리식염수로 복강을 세척하였다. 심산 장 괴사가 있었고 자궁축농증에 의한 난소간막에서 농의 복강내로의 유출이 있었다. 이번 보고에서 2차적으로 패혈성 복막염이 발병할 수 있으니 자궁축농증 진단 시 2차성 질병에 대해서도 고려되어야 할 것이다.