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http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.21225

Expression of Toll-like receptors 3, 7, 9 and cytokines in feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected CRFK cells and feline peripheral monocytes  

Khair, Megat Hamzah Megat Mazhar (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Selvarajah, Gayathri Thevi (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Omar, Abdul Rahman (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Mustaffa-Kamal, Farina (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia)
Publication Information
Journal of Veterinary Science / v.23, no.2, 2022 , pp. 27.1-27.16 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection is not completely understood. Objectives: This study examined the expression of TLR3, TLR7, TLR9, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon (IFN)-β, and interleukin (IL)-10 upon an FIPV infection in Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and feline monocytes. Methods: CRFK cells and monocytes from feline coronavirus (FCoV)-seronegative cats and FCoV-seropositive cats were infected with type II FIPV-79-1146. At four, 12, and 24 hours post-infection (hpi), the expression of TLR3, TLR7, TLR9, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IL-10, and the viral load were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viral protein production was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Results: FIPV-infected CRFK showed the upregulation of TLR9, TNF-α, and IFN-β expression between 4 and 24 hpi. Uninfected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats showed lower TLR3 and TLR9 expression but higher TLR7 expression compared to uninfected monocytes from FCoV-seronegative cats. FIPV-infected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats downregulated TLR7 and TNF-α expression between 4 and 24 hpi, and 4 and 12 hpi, respectively. IFN-β was upregulated early in FIPV-infected monocytes from FCoV-seropositive cats, with a significant difference observed at 12 hpi compared to FCoV-seronegative cats. The viral load in the CRFK and FIPV-infected monocytes in both cohorts of cats was similar over time.ConclusionTLR7 may be the key TLR involved in evading the innate response against inhibiting TNF-α production. Distinct TLR expression profiles between FCoV-seronegative and FCoV-seropositive cats were observed. The associated TLR that plays a role in the induction of IFN-β needs to be explored further.
Keywords
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP); Toll-like receptor (TLR); cytokine; monocytes;
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