• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2002

Shinsuwuisaeng-Tang was a drug that treated carbuncle and cellulitis. So, the purpose of this Study was to investigate effect of Shinsuwuisaeng-Tang on the anti-cancer and nitric oxide(NO) production of peritoneal macrophages. We used Shinsuwuisaeng-Tang extract(SWT) with freeze-dried, 8wks-old male mice. and cancer cell lines(L1210, sarcoma-180) for this Study. The proliferation of cells was tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay). The results of this Study were obtained as follow; SWT was showed cytotoxicity on the L1210 and sacoma-180(S-180) cell lines, SWT inhibited significantly proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice, SWT accelerated NO production of peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. And SWT inhibited significantly tumor weight, increased significantly body weight and mean survival days in S-180 cells transplanted mice. This results suggest that SWT has anti-cancer by producing NO of peritoneal macrophages.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2007

In macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation. In this study, we have examined the inhibition effects of NO production by 85% methanol extract of the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana (PF) in mouse macrophages. Extract of PF (1, 10, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) inhibited NO production, inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in interferon-g and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages and it had no cytotoxicity. These data suggest that 85% methanol extract of PF might be useful in controlling macrophages mediated inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.479-484
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of mixed extract of Ginseng Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix on activity of murine splenocytes and macrophages. GAE (300 mg/kg) was administered p.o. for 7 days. GAE decreased the viability of murine splenocytes in vivo. Also, GAE enhanced the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes and the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Furthermore, GAE increased the production of ${\Upsilon}$-interferon from splenocytes. GAE enhanced the production of nitric oxide and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that GAE regulates the immune response via activation of splenic Th1 cells and peritoneal macrophages.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2002

Triazine herbicide has been reported to directly suppress the immune response. In the present study, we examined various functions of murine peritoneal macrophages that were isolated and stimulated with LPS after simazine (300 and 600 mg/kg body weight), a triazine herbicide, was administered every day for 4 weeks. Simazine decreased the capacity of phagocytosis, compared to those of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-treated control group. In addition, the production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ was decrcased in macrophages of simazinetreated mice. However, the production of hydrogen peroxide ($H_{2}O_{2}$) was not altered. In vitro tumoricidal activity of in vivo simazine-treated macrophages was reduced against target cell. B 16 melanoma. Taken together, these results suggested that simazine might have the immunosuppressive effect on macrophages after in vivo exposure, which was related to the reduction of tumoricidal activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1252-1257
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• 1997

In order to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism of white ginseng, the effects of total saponin of Ginsenoside Rb$_2$component on the phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate(ROI) production of mouse peritoneal macrophages were studied. Both phagocytosis assay nitrobluetetrazolium reduction test showed 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentration of total saponin significantly increased the activity of phagocytosis and production of ROI. Also cytokine gene expression of the macrophages was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the RT-PCR assay, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentration of either total saponin or Ginsenoside Rb$_2$increased IL-1 and TNF expression of the macrophages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1639-1645
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) on the ultracellular morphology alteration, apoptosis induction and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates production of peritoneal macrophages (DPM) from mule ducks. The ducklings were purchased from a commercial hatchery, and were fed a corn-soybean based diet. As the ducklings were grown up to 3 wk of age, the Sephadex-elicited peritoneal exudative cells (PEC) were used as the source for duck peritoneal macrophages. The ultracellular morphology study showed that significant number of cells shifted from category I (normal cell with ruffled membrane) and II (cell membrane blebbing) to category III (cell membrane blebbing and even rupture) after DPM were incubated with $AFB_1$ ($20{\mu}g/ml$) for 12 to 48 h. When DPM were exposed to $AFB_1$ in vitro, the production of NO, $H_2O_2$ and $O_2{^-}$ in macrophages was reduced after 12-48 h incubation with previous LPS stimulation. There was a DNA laddering pattern observed in DPM incubated with $AFB_1$ 5, 10, 20, 50 or $100{\mu}g/ml$ for 12 h. Evidence also revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased along with the elevation of $AFB_1$ concentration. The results suggest that $AFB_1$ exposure causes duck macrophages going on apoptotic pathway through evidence of ultracellular morphology alteration and DNA laddering in agarose electrophoresis. The production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates of duck macrophages also depressed after $AFB_1$ exposure, and this implied that $AFB_1$ could cause deteriorated functions of bacteriocidal and tumoricidal activity in duck macrophages.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.152-159
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• 2006

Electro-magnetic fields and static magnetic fields generated from diverse home/environmental sources have been reported that these could make harmful effects on the human health such as suppression of immunity and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms for the biologic effects of electro-magnetic fields or static magnetic fields are still remained unclear. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on murine peritoneal macrophages. The cells were exposed in vitro to SMF of $150{\sim}250$ or $350{\sim}450$ G in 5% $CO_2$-incubator. The phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages was inhibited under exposure to SMF. In order to provide a more complete picture of molecular mechanism for the biological effect of SMF, we compared the levels of total proteins from macrophages with or without exposure to SMF using quantitative proteomic analysis. Proteins which were differentially expressed in macrophages exposed to SMF compared with non-exposed macrophages, were identified. Among them, the levels of trypsinogen 16, lactose-binding lectin Mac-2, galactoside-binding lectin, actin-like (Put. ${\beta}-actin$, vimentin) and electron transferring flavoprotein beta polypeptide were enhanced under exposure to SMF. These results suggest that SMF can affect the phagocytic activity of macrophages via diverse mechanisms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-25
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• 1995

The antitumor activities of the cell bound polysaccharide(CBP), water soluble polysaccharide(WSP) and sulfated polysaccharide(SP) of Zoogloea sp. were observe. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The CBP, WSP, and SP showed cytotoxic effect on the Meth A cells in vitro, however, the effect of CBP and WSP was more ten-fold greater than that pf SP. 2) When CBP, WSP, and SP was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of the Meth A cells transplanted mice, the average survival days tended to prolonged slightly as compared with the control. 3) When Meth A cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the back side of mice, and then CBP, WSP, and Sp was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice, the tumor growth inhibition ratio was 46.9% for WSP, 40.4% for CBP, and 16.2% for SP. 4) The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages elicited with CBP, WSP, and SP was significantly increased than that of control. 5) The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CBP, WSP, SP, and LPS aloneo was not increased than that of control. The production of nitric oxide in the peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IFN-r and CBP, IFN-r and WSP and IFN-r and SP was significantly increased than that of control, but in the case of stimulated with IFN-r and WSP was increased 50% for CBP and SP. These results suggest that the CBP, WSP and SP of Zoogloea sp. showed direct cytotoxic effect and tumor growth inhibition on Meth A cells in vitro and in vivo, and induced nitric oxide production of activated macrophages.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Pulsatilla koreana $N_{AKAI}$ (PK) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate of anti-inflammatory of PK, we examined cytokines and NO production in lipopolysacchride (LPS)-induced macrophages. Furthermore, we examined molecular mechanism using western blot. Results : 1.Extract from PK reduced LPS-induced NO, tumor necrosis factor-a ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages. 2.Extract from PK itself does not have any cytotoxic effect. PK inhibited the activation of extracelluar signal-regulated kinase(ERK 1/2) but not another mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and the degradation of inhibitory kappa B a ($I_{k}B_{a}$) does not any effect in the LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Conclusion : PK down-regulated LPS-induced NO and cytokines production, which may be provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properties of PK.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Samultang water extract (SMT) on cytokine production from immune cells during the late stage of pregnancy in BALB/c mice. SMT(500 mg/kg) was administered p.o. once a day for 7 days, and then thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages were separated. At the late stage of pregnant mice, the proliferation of thymocytes and the production of ${\gamma}-interferon$ in thymocytes were decreased as compared with normal group, but the production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 was increased. The production of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, nitric oxide and phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophage was increased as compared with normal group. At the late stage of pregnant mice administered with SMT, the production of interleukin-2 in thymocytes was decreased as compared with a pregnant group, but the proliferation of thymocytes, the production of ${\gamma}-interferon$ and interleukin-4 was increased. The production of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages were decreased as compared with a pregnant group, but phagocytic activity were increased. These results suggest that SMT has the regulative action on immune function of thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages at the late stage of pregnant mice.