• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate statistical variations and relationships of blood pressure (BP), phtotplethysmography (PPG) and cardiovascular parameters on changes in local skin surface temperature (SST) during gradual cooling and heating. Results showed that local SST changes affected the Finometer BP, the PPG waveforms and total peripheral resistance, but not oscillometric BP, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Therefore, in order to reduce for the errors, temperatures should be controlled or compensated when components of the PPG waveform are used to evaluate cardiovascular status in temperature variation environments.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

A 13-year-old, castrated male Yorkshire terrier was presented with acute blepharospasm 2 months after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the left eye. Menace response was weakly positive in the left eye. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 98 mmHg in the left eye. On ophthalmic examination using slit lamp biomicroscope, episcleral injection and corneal edema were observed in the left eye. Aqueous flare (1+) and iris bombe with peripheral anterior synechia were also detected in the left eye. In spite of medical treatments, IOP was remained more than 50 mmHg. Synechiolysis and radial iridectomy with irrigation/aspiration of anterior chamber were performed in the left eye. One week after the surgery, tissue plasminogen activator was injected to resolve the blood and fibrin clot in the left anterior chamber. Menace response was recovered completely 1 month after the surgery and IOP was maintained less than 20 mmHg more than 6 months.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1982

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) found in duodenal mucosa originally has been suggested as a neurotransmitter. Its localization, however, now known, is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, but scattered at many different kinds of tissues, smooth muscles, endocrine gland and exocrine gland as well as central and peripheral neural tissues. To investigate the effect of VIP on renal function, an experiment has been done in anesthetized male rats. The results obtained were: 1) Urinary output and creatinine clearance decreased significantly during the period of infusion of VIP, 2.0ug/rat/7minutes. 2) Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride decreased but without significance by infusion of VIP. 3) Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, decreased by VIP administered intravenously in the period of infusion. 4) Changes of urinary output, sodium and chloride excretion was correlated with changes of creatinine clearance. The above data suggest that VIP administered intravenously can suppress the renal hemodynamics indirectly, and also decrease electrolyte excretion through its renal hemodynamic change.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Nurse Presence (NP) program on anxiety and physiological indicators in patients with gynecological surgery. Methods: This study used a randomized control group pre-test, post-test design. The patients were 25-65 years old who had undergone gynecological surgery with general anesthesia. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data with Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and one sample t-test. Results: The results show that there were significant differences in anxiety and heart rate and were no significant differences in systolic pressure or peripheral oxygen saturation of the experimental group which received the NP program. Conclusion: Nurse Presence program decreased pulse rate which is a physiological indicator by relieving the anxiety of the patients before gynecological surgery. Thus, this intervention is effective to relieve anxiety of the patients before gynecological surgery and should be utilized in clinics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

Nervous system is clinically important, and involved in most disorders directly or indirectly. It could be injury and be a source of symptoms. Injury of central or peripheral nervous system injury may affect that mechanism and interrupt normal function. An understanding of the concepts of axonal transport is important for physical therapist who treat injury of nerves. Three connective tissue layers are the endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium. Each has its own special structural characteristics and functional properties. The blood supply to the nervous system is well equipped in all dynamic and static postures with intrinsic and extrinsic vasculation. After nerve injury, alternations in the ionic compression or pressures within this environment may interfere with blood flow and, consequently conduction and the flow of axoplasm. The cytoskeleton are not static. On the contrary, elements of the cytoskeleton are dynamically regulated and are very likely in continual motion. It permits neural mobility. There are different axonal transport systems within a single axon, of which two main flows have been identified : First, anterograde transport system, Secondly, retrograde transport system. The nervous system adapts lengthening in two basic ways. The one is that the development of tension or increased pressure within the tissues, increased intradural pressure. The other is movements that are gross movement and movement occurring intraneurally between the connective tissues and the neural tissues. In this article, we emphasize the biologic aspects of nervous system that influenced by therapeutic approaches. Although identified scientific information in basic science is utilized at clinic, we would attain the more therapeutic effects and develop the physical therapy science.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

It has been shown that QGC isolated and purified from Rumecis folium found protective effects of gastritis and esophagitis which EXT is an ethanol extract of it. We examined acute toxicity and the general pharmacological action of QGC EXT to search for any side effects of it in rats, mice, guinea pigs, and cats. In a single dose toxicity study, QGC EXT didn't show toxicological effects in rats and mice, and the $LD_{50}$ was over 5 g/kg in both animals, and there were also no changes in weight, feed and water intake during these toxicological experimental periods. We examined the general pharmacological action on central controlled behavior responses, and peripheral organs including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and gastrointestinal system, We found that there were no significant changes in body temperature, locomotors activity, stereotyped behaviors, sleeping time, and convulsion. In other studies, writhing reaction, normal body temperature, there did not appear to be any changes. The large intestine movement and electrical field stimulation-induced contraction was not changes by its EXT. In addition, the influences on blood pressure, heart rates, and respiration by QGC EXT were not found. These results indicate that QGC EXT may be very safe as a new drug, since its $LD_{50}$ was very high over 5 g/kg and any side effects were not found.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.599-607
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• 2007

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang (Korean sauna) exposure on the cold tolerance in young and elderly females. Subjects were young (n=7) and elderly (n=7) females who had never had Jjimjilbang exposure experience. The Jjimjil training group was exposured in the Jjimjilbang 19 times per week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited to three times per day. Jjimjil activity was taken freely. To prove the effects of the cold tolerance, subjects were exposed to cold air ($12{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;60{\pm}10%$RH). In these conditions, subjects were exposed for 30 minutes at which time rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, energy expenditure, blood pressure and subjective sensation were measured. To prove the effects of the local cold tolerance, vascular hunting reaction was observed measuring the finger skin temperature while the left middle finger tip was immersed in cold water of $0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The results are as follows. According to repeated Jjimjil exposure, rectal temperature changes, peripheral temperature and energy expenditure were increased gradually in the cold climate chamber. Blood pressure, subjective sensation and vascular hunting reactions did not show any significant difference. In conclusion, regular Jjimjilbang exposure has negative effects on the ability of the body to improve its regulation of temperature especially in cold tolerance.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-16
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• 1978

We obtained 4 kinds of extract fraction from Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex and studied on the influence to the blood pressure of rabbit. These 4 fractions were obtained as follows; Fraction I was insoluble fraction by 99% ethanol from 80% methanol extract of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex, fraction II, precipitated fraction by ether from 99% ethanol soluble fraction of 80% methanol extract of Acanthopanaacis Radicis Cortex, fraction III, no precipitated fraction by ether from 99% ethanol soluble fraction of above 80% methanol extract and fraction IV, water extract of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex. All of fractions, when administered into ear-vein of rabbit, produced fall of blood pressure. Among these 4 fractions, although fraction III was not only the most potent but had the greatest efficacy, we observed the mechanism of hypotensive action of Acanthopanacis Radicis Cortex, making use of fraction II which was thought as a comparatively pure fraction. Hypotensive action of fraction II (APF II) was not affected by vagotominization but markedly inhibited by atropine. Pretreatment of bethanidine showed a tendency to weaken the depressor action of APF II, although it was not a significant result, but diphenhydramine did not influence APF II action. Phentolamine, guanethidine and chlorisondamine inhibited significantly the hypotensive action of APF II. APF II elicited the potentiation of norepinphrine pressor action dependent on the time-factor whereas it did not influence angiotesin pressor action. It is seemed that APF II exhibited hypotensive action, causing peripheral muscarinic-effect and centrally induced sympatholytic action.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 1994

The discharge patterns and peripheral nerve inputs to cardiovascular neurons were investigated in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and raphe nucleus of cats. The data from the two were compared to determine their roles in cardiovascular regulation and the endogenous analgesic system. Animals were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ and single cell activities were recorded by carbon-filament microelectrode and their relationships with cardiovascular activity were analyzed. In RVLM area, a total of thirty-three cells were identified as cardiovascular neurons. During one cardiac cycle, the mean discharge rate of the neurons was $1.96{\pm}0.29$ and the peak activity was observed 45 ms after the systolic peak of arterial blood pressure. Thirteen cells could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the the $T_2$ intermediolateral nucleus. Forty-three raphe neurons were identified as cardiovascular neurons whose mean discharge rate during one cardiac cycle was $1.02{\pm}0.12$. None of these cells could be activated antidromically. Study of the interval time histogram of RVLM neurons revealed that the time to the first peak was $128{\pm}20.0\;ms$, being shorter than the period of a cardiac cycle. The same parameter found from the raphe neurons was $481{\pm}67.2\;ms$, which was much longer than the cardiac cycle length. Of seventeen RVLM neurons examined ten received only the peripheral $A{\delta}-afferent$ inputs, whereas six RVLM neurons received both $A{\delta}-$ and C-inputs; the remaining one cell received an inhibitory peripheral C-input. In contrast, nine of eleven raphe neurons were found to receive $A{\delta}-inputs$ only. We conclude that the main output of cardiovascular regulatory influences are mediated through the RVLM neurons. The cardiovascular neurons in the raphe nucleus appear to serve as interneurons transferring cardiovascular afferent information to the raphespinal neurons mediating the endogenous analgesic mechanisms.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2002

Purpose : Arterial blood gas analysis is frequently performed in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to evaluate ventilation and the metabolic state of critically ill infants. In occasions when umbilical arterial catheterization is not available, frequent arterial puncture is mandatory. This requires some technical skill and may occasionally have side effects. So we studied the validity of capillary blood gas analysis which can be performed conveniently compared with arterial blood. Methods : Twenty-four neonates admitted to NICU during April to Aug. 2001 were studied. They were more than two weeks old without indwelling arterial catheters. Thirty-six times, simultaneous arterial, and capillary blood gases were drawn by puncture and the pH, $pCO_2$ and $pO_2$ of each sample was measured. Blood pressure and body temperature was checked before sampling to rule out impaired peripheral circulation. Capillary blood was collected from warmed heels. Results : There was a strong correlation between capillary and arterial pH(r=0.91, P<0.05). The absolute value of the difference between arterial and capillary pH was less than 0.05. Also capillary $pCO_2$ showed correlation with arterial $pCO_2$(r=0.77, P<0.05). Despite a statistically significant correlation between capillary and arterial $pO_2$(r=0.68, P<0.05), the absolute value of the difference was more than 10 mmHg in 92% of cases. Conclusion : Capillary blood gases accurately reflected arterial pH and $pCO_2$ and showed a relative correlation with $pO_2$. Capillary blood gas analysis can be a useful alternative to arterial blood when continuation of the umbilical arterial catheter is no longer available.