• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim was to compare the implant success rate according to membrane type through a clinical case of patients, who used bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane. Methods : A survey was conducted targeting patients with the use of bio-resorbable membrane and non-resorbable membrane who visited H dental clinic in Busan for implant surgery and bone graft for 1 year from May 2010 to May 2011. A chart was made and surveyed for 100 people with non-resorbable membrane and for 75 people with bio-resorbable membrane. Results were compared. Results : 1. As for the measurement value of Periotest M${(R)}$, the value of -8~0 was measured with 92% in case of surgery by using non-resorbable membrane. The value of +1~+9 was measured with 8.0%. In case of surgery by using bio-resorbable membrane, Peiotest M(R) was measured with 78.7% as for the value of -8~0 and 16(21.3%) as for the value of +1~+9. In light of this, a case of using non-resorbable membrane was indicated to be higher(p=0.021) in success rate than a case of using bio-resorbable membrane. 2. As a result of periodontal conditions, namely, bleeding(p=0.914), swelling(p=0.500), inflammation(p=0.074), pain(p=0.571), and itch appearance(p=0.475) according to membrane type, all were insignificant. Conclusions : A case of using non-resorbable membrane is considered to be likely to be more effective than using bio-resorbable membrane during GBR(Guided Bone Regeneration) with the use of membrane in implant surgery.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.490-499
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• 2008

생체 활성 재료는 생체 내에서 자가적으로 인회석 층 (apatite layer)을 형성하여, 골과의 생화학적 결합이 가능해야 한다. 알칼리와 열처리를 통하여 생체 활성 표면을 얻을 수 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 알칼리 및 열처리를 시행한 임플란트들의 안정성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험군의 분류로 1군은 대조군인 선반 가공 임플란트군, 2, 3군은 $60^{\circ}C$, 5 M의 NaOH 용액에 24시간 처리한 후, 각각 대기 중 및 진공 상태 $600^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 열처리하였다. 처리된 시편은 FESEM, XPS, TF-XRD 및 AFM을 이용하여 표면 특성을 관찰하고, 임플란트의 안정성을 위해 공진 주파수와 페리오테스트 및 역 토오크를 측정하고, 골유착 안정성에 관한 차이를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표면 특성: 알칼리 및 열처리를 시행한 2, 3군은 비슷한 양상의 거친 표면을 보여주었다. 알칼리 처리를 시행한 2군과 3군에서 1군과는 달리 높은 함량의 나트륨 이온이 검출되었으며, 결정구조 분석 결과 2군에서 예추석 (antase)과 금홍석 (rutile)이 혼재된 상태로 금홍석이 우세한 양상을 보여주었다. 2. 공진 주파수 분석: 군간 비교에서 12주에 2군이 1, 3군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 측정치를 보였다. 주간 비교시, 1, 2군은 4주 이후에 유의한 증가를 보여주었고, 3군은 2주와 4주에서 각각 유의한 증가를 보여주었다 (P < .05). 3. 페리오테스트 분석: 주간 비교에서 1, 2군은 4주 이후에 유의하게 감소를, 3군은 2주와 4주에서 각각 유의한 감소를 보여주었다 (P< .05). 4. 역 토오크 분석: 군간 비교에서는 2, 4, 8주에서는 2군이 1, 3군에 비해 유의하게 높은 측정값을 보여주었다. 주간 비교에서는 1, 3군은 4주, 12주에서 유의한 증가를 보여주었고, 2군은 4주부터 유의한 증가를 보여주었다 (P < .05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 알칼리 및 대기 중 열처리를 통해서 적절한 결정 구조의 산화막을 가진 생체 활성화된 무정형의 나트륨 티탄산염 층을 얻을 수 있었고, 알칼리 및 진공 상태 열처리만으로도 나트륨이 함유된 생체 활성화된 표면을 얻을 수 있었다고 사료된다. 또한 이런 처리 과정으로 형성된 표면층들은 임플란트의 초기 골유착에 도움을 줄 수 있는 유용한 방법 중 하나라고 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.291-309
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• 2000

Statement of problem. There were several studies on the effects of irradiation to peri-implant bone tissue. However, no clear biological effect of irradiation on peri-implant bone tissue was reported yet. Purpose. This study compared the effect of irradiation on the surrounding tissue of a HA-coated implant fixture with controls. Material and methods. 6 Steri-Oss implants were implanted into the femur of 6 mongrels. The implanted dogs were divided into three groups and received irradiation. After 1 month, 2months and 4 months healing period, the histologic examination and mobility test and digital radiographic imaging analyses were performed to compare the control and experimental group respectively. Results. The irradiated group showed slower healing than control group in light microscopic observations. The mobility test demonstrated significant less number (Periotest) in control group than that of irradiated groups. The digital radiographic imaging analysis showed that the bone density of irradiated group was higher than control group. Conclusion. Generally, control group showed favorable biological response and less mobility than irradiated group. The conflict result of bone density value were measured by the digital radiographic imaging analysis. The digital radiographic imaging analysis needs more research in future.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2005

The therapeutic goal of implant dentistry is not merely tooth replacement but total oral rehabilitation. Considering dental implants as a treatment option can be provided patients with positive, long-term results. Implant dentistry has gone through many phases over the years. Modern technology and design allows us to predictably place our dental implants often load the implants at the time of placement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implant stability after immediate loading in dogs. The control group was performed delay loading and experimental group was immediate loading. Each group was measured periotest value(PTV) to evaluate clinical mobility and performed radiographic examination to evaluate marginal bone loss. Statistically significant difference was not founded in control group between experimental group in PTV(P>0.05) and marginal bone loss(P>0.05). Finally, implant stability after immediate loading was similar to delay loading implant.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.197-210
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• 2000

Surface roughness is one of implant surface topography and it's found that surface roughness characterizations, such as surface energy, oxide layer thickness and its chemical composition, are closely correlated if the roughness is changed. Several studies showed the importance of analyzing surface structure so the surface structure of thread implant was analyzed to measure the implant quality exactly. In this study, surface roughness of 4 implants - MK $II^{(R)}$(Nobel Biocare), $RBM^{(R)}$(Life-Core, USA), $Osseotite^{(R)}$(3i, USA), $TPS^{(R)}$(Life-Core, USA) - were measured using $Accura^{(R)}$ and 40 implants were installed into 4 sets of ten bovine ribs based on the parameters from the measurements. From this test, the following conclusions for the initial stability were drawn by measuring and comparing RFA, Periotest Value (PTV), Removal Torgue Value (RTV). 1. $R_a$ value in surface roughness measurement was increasing by the order of $MKII^{(R)}$, $Osseotite^{(R)}$, $RBM^{(R)}$, $TPS^{(R)}$ and $R_q$ value was the same order. 2. $R_q$ value in each section was observed to increase by the order of $MKII^{(R)}$, $Osseotite^{(R)}$, $RBM^{(R)}$, $TPS^{(R)}$ in top and $MKII^{(R)}$, $RBM^{(R)}$, $Osseotite^{(R)}$, $TPS^{(R)}$ in mid-section but the value of $MKII^{(R)}$ bottom was the lowest, followed by $Osseotite^{(R)}$, $RBM^{(R)}$ and $TPS^{(R)}$. 3. RFA increased by the order of $RBM^{(R)}$(7042Hz), $MKII^{(R)}$(7047Hz), $Osseotite^{(R)}$(7076Hz), $TPS^{(R)}$(7168Hz) and there was no significance between each group. 4. PTV was increasing by the order of $MKII^{(R)}$(-1.62), $TPS^{(R)}$(-1.92), $Osseotite^{(R)}$ & $RBM^{(R)}$(-2.08) and there was no significance, either. 5. Removal torque in RTV measurement showed the increasing order of $MKII^{(R)}(5.31kgf{\cdot}cm)$, $Oeeotite^{(R)}(5.71kgf{\cdot}cm)$, $TPS^{(R)}(5.92kgf{\cdot}cm)$ and $RBM^{(R)}(7.24kgf{\cdot}cm)$ and there was no significance among groups. Above observations explains that surface roughness does not make any impact on the initial stability of implants installation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1999

Non-surgical therapy is still an important technique in periodontal treatment. In this study, scaling and root planing(SRP) with or without concomitant subgingival curettage were compared clinically and microbiologically. 14 moderate adult periodontitis patients were included in this study. After 2 weeks from screening visit, with split mouth design, one quadrant was treated by SRP, and the opposite side was treated by SRP with subgingival curettage. Clinical measurement and microbiological analysis was taken at baseline, 1 month, 3 month post-treatment. Clinical parameters used in this study was probing depth, gingival recession, gingival index, bleeding on probing, plaque index, tooth mobility(Periotest Value). Microbiological analysis consisted of determination of the percentages of 4 bacterial groups according to morphologic type with phase-contrast microscope and measuring Black-pigmented Bacteroides after anaerobic culture. 1. There were significant changes in probing depth and gingival recession at 1 month(P<0.05), and these changes remained through 3 month. However, no significant differences were observed between two groups(P<0.05). 2. There were also significant reductions in gingival index and bleeding on probing at 1 month(P<0.05),and these reduced levels were maintained through 3 month with no significant differences between two groups(P<0.05). 3. In both groups, motile bacteria decreased significantly at 1 months(P<0.05), but increased nearly to baseline level at 3 month. 4. The percentages of Black-pigmented Bacteroides, in both groups, decreased significantly at 1 month(P<0.05), and in the subgingival curettage group, significant more reductions were observed than in the root planing group(P<0.05). At 3 month, significant reduction was found in subgingival curettage group only(P<0.05). According to these results, we surmised that concomitant subgingival curettage and root planing give some advantageous effect on bacterial recolonization.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.254-265
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of anatomical conditions on primary stability in the models simulating posterior maxilla. Methods: Polyurethane blocks were designed to simulate monocortical (M) and bicortical (B) conditions. Each condition had four subgroups measuring 3 mm (M3, B3), 5 mm (M5, B5), 8 mm (M8, B8), and 12 mm (M12, B12) in residual bone height (RBH). After implant placement, the implant stability quotient (ISQ), Periotest value (PTV), insertion torque (IT), and reverse torque (RT) were measured. Two-factor ANOVA (two cortical conditions${\times}$four RBHs) and additional analyses for simple main effects were performed. Results: A significant interaction between cortical condition and RBH was demonstrated for all methods measuring stability with two-factor ANOVA. In the analyses for simple main effects, ISQ and PTV were statistically higher in the bicortical groups than the corresponding monocortical groups, respectively. In the monocortical group, ISQ and PTV showed a statistically significant rise with increasing RBH. Measurements of IT and RT showed a similar tendency, measuring highest in the M3 group, followed by the M8, the M5, and the M12 groups. In the bicortical group, all variables showed a similar tendency, with different degrees of rise and decline. The B8 group showed the highest values, followed by the B12, the B5, and the B3 groups. The highest coefficient was demonstrated between ISQ and PTV. Conclusions: Primary stability was enhanced by the presence of bicortex and increased RBH, which may be better demonstrated by ISQ and PTV than by IT and RT.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.606-616
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• 2006

Purpose: This experiment examined the effect of different surface treatment on the osseointegration and stability of implants. Material and methods: In this study, 40 each of machined, SLA and RBM implants, which are the most commonly used implants, were implanted into the tibia of 20 normal rabbits using $OsseoCare^{TM}$. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks for implant stability analysis, removal torque analysis, histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Result : ISQ showed significant difference between Machined and RBM at first week and at 4 weeks. There was significant difference between Machined and both SLA and RBM(p<0.05) but after 8 weeks there were no significant difference between each group. In the removal torque, RBM showd significantly higher values than SLA and Machined surface at 1st week. At 4th and 12th week, there was significant difference between Machined and SLA, RBM(p<0.05). In the bone to implant contact variable, there was no significant difference between each surface treatment method. In the Machined surface group, there was no significant difference between each time interval. but in SLA group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 12th week and in RBM group, there were significant differences between the 1st week and 8th, 12th week and between 4th and 12th week(p<0.05). The bone area showed significantly higher values in SLA and RBM compared to Machined surface 1st and 8th week and significantly higher values in SLA than Machined surface at the 4th week(p<0.05). Conclusion: The roughened surface of implants showed positive effect in the early stages of implantation and assisted in bone formation After the bone formation stage, there was no statistical difference between Machined and roughened surface groups. In dental implantation, where initial stability is critical to the success of implants, the use of roughened surface implants should assist in reducing the healing period after implantation.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.362-374
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The intial stability for osseointegration of implant has been an interesting factor. Especially, in the case of poor bone quality or immediately loaded implant, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials to improve implant fixation to bone. The microscopic properties of implant surfaces play a major role in the osseous healing of dental implants. Purpose. The aims of this study are to perform a histologic and histomorphometric comparison of the healing characteristics of three different surfaces and the comparison of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values measured by $Osstell^{TM}$ and perio-test values (PTV) measured by Periotest. Material and methods. A total of 24 screw titanium implants (Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) with 6mm in length and 3.4mm in diameter, were placed in the mandible of 4 beagle dogs. Implants were divided into three groups following the surface treatment methods: Group I is machined(control group). Group II is anodically oxidized. Group III is coated 500nm in thickness with hydroxyapatite(HA) by ion beam assisted deposition(IBAD) on the anodized oxidization. Bone blocks from 2 dogs were caught after 3 weeks of covered healing and another blocks from 2 dogs after 6 weeks. RFA values and PTV were measured right after insertion and at 3 and 6weeks. Histomorphometric analysis was made with Kappa Image Base System to calculate bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area inside the threads. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between RFA and PTV, BIC and bone area ratio of three different surfaces at 3 and 6 weeks. Results. 1) In all surface treatment methods, the RFA values decreased and the PTV values increased until 6 weeks in comparison to initial values. 2) At 3 weeks, no significant difference was found from bone-to-implant contact ratio and bone area ratio of three different surface treatment methods(P>0.05). However, at 6 weeks, different surface treatment methods showed significantly different bone-toimplant contact ratio and bone area ratio(P<0.05). 3) In the implants with the IBAD on the anodic oxidization, significant difference was found between the 3 weeks and the 6 weeks bone area ratio(P<0.05). 4) Correlation was found between the RFA values and the bone area ratio at 3 and 6 weeks with significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusions. These results indicate that the implants with the IBAD on the anodic oxidization may have a high influence on the initial stability of implant.