• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 치아 스플린팅에 사용되는 레진계 재료들의 두께에 따른 중합 능력을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 레진계 스플린팅 재료로 개발된 Light-Fix와 G-FIX, 수복용과 스플린트용으로 사용 가능한 고흐름성 복합레진인 G-aenial Universal Flo를 사용하여 직경 5 mm, 두께 2, 3, 4, 5 mm의 시편을 각각 10개씩(총 120개) 제작하였다. 비커스 경도 측정기를 이용하여 시편 상면과 하면의 미세경도값을 측정하였다. 각 두께에서 복합레진의 중합정도를 95% 유의수준에서 independent T-test를 이용하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과: Light-Fix와 G-FIX는 두께에 상관없이 중합도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. G-aenial Universal Flo는 3 mm 두께부터 유의하게 낮은 중합도를 보였다. 결론: 스플린팅 전용 레진계 재료인 Light-Fix와 G-FIX는 5 mm 두께까지 적절한 광중합이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.74-76
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• 2019

그람 양성 혐기성 간균 Actinomyces는 구강 인두, 위장관 및 비뇨 생식 기관의 점막 표면에서 흔히 서식한다. 본 논문에서는 한국 노인 여성의 치태에서 분리된 Actinomyces georgiae KHUD_A1의 유전체 염기서열을 분석하여 보고한다. 이 균주의 유전체는 2,652,059 bp의 크기로 GC 함량은 68.06%이며, CPBP family intramembrane metalloprotease 유전자와 bile acid: sodium symporter family protein 유전자 등 157개의 KHUD_A1 균주 특이적인 유전자들을 포함한다. 이 유전체의 서열 정보는 A. georgiae종의 일반적인 특성과 Actinomyces속의 유전체 다양성을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.360-372
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• 2018

Purpose: It has been suggested that resonance frequency analysis (RFA) can measure changes in the stability of dental implants during osseointegration. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate dental implant stability at the time of surgery (primary stability; PS) and secondary stability (SS) after ossseointegration using RFA, and to investigate the relationship between implant stability and cortical bone thickness. Methods: In total, 113 patients who attended the Tohoku University Hospital Dental Implant Center were included in this study. A total of 229 implants were placed in either the mandibular region (n=118) or the maxilla region (n=111), with bone augmentation procedures used in some cases. RFA was performed in 3 directions, and the lowest value was recorded. The preoperative thickness of cortical bone at the site of implant insertion was measured digitally using computed tomography, excluding cases of bone grafts and immediate implant placements. Results: The mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) was $69.34{\pm}9.43$ for PS and $75.99{\pm}6.23$ for SS. The mandibular group had significantly higher mean ISQ values than the maxillary group for both PS and SS (P<0.01). A significant difference was found in the mean ISQ values for PS between 1-stage and 2-stage surgery (P<0.5). The mean ISQ values in the non-augmentation group were higher than in the augmentation group for both PS and SS (P<0.01). A weak positive correlation was observed between cortical bone thickness and implant stability for both PS and SS in all cases (P<0.01). Conclusions: Based on the present study, the ISQ may be affected by implant position site, the use of a bone graft, and cortical bone thickness before implant therapy.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2019

본 연구는 임상실습내용에 따른 실습방법 및 수행정도를 파악하고자 치위생과 학생을 대상으로 진행하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 감염관리에서는 '진료실 장비 감염 방지하기', '치과진료기구 소독 및 멸균하기'를 가장 많이'수행'하고 있었으며, 예방치과에서는 대부분 '교육하기' 항목에서 '관찰'을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 보존과에서는 '협조하기' 항목에서 '수행'을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 보철과에서는 '관찰'을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 임상실습 경험이 많은 학생일수록 기본진료, 구강악안면방사선과, 예방치과, 보존과, 치주과, 구강외과, 교정과, 구강내과에서 실제적으로 실습생들의 수행 빈도가 증가하는 것으로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 대부분의 임상실습내용에서 수행하기보다는 관찰하기가 높게 나타나, 실습내용에 대한 학년별 또는 임상실습 경험 횟수별로 명확한 임상실습 내용의 목표설정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2019

Purpose: To assess the influence of using different combinations of guided bone regeneration (GBR) materials on volume changes after wound closure at peri-implant dehiscence defects. Methods: In 5 pig mandibles, standardized bone defects were created and implants were centrally placed. The defects were augmented using different combinations of GBR materials: xenogeneic granulate and collagen membrane (group 1, n=10), xenogeneic granulate and alloplastic membrane (group 2, n=10), alloplastic granulates and alloplastic membrane (group 3, n=10). The horizontal thickness was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography before and after suturing. Measurements were performed at the implant shoulder (HT0) and at 1 mm (HT1) and 2mm (HT2) below. The data were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate within-group differences. Bonferroni correction was applied when calculating statistical significance between the groups. Results: The mean horizontal thickness before suturing was $2.55{\pm}0.53mm$ (group 1), $1.94{\pm}0.56mm$ (group 2), and $2.49{\pm}0.73mm$ (group 3). Post-suturing, the values were $1.47{\pm}0.31mm$ (group 1), $1.77{\pm}0.27mm$ (group 2), and $2.00{\pm}0.48mm$ (group 3). All groups demonstrated a loss of horizontal dimension. Intragroup changes exhibited significant differences in group 1 (P<0.001) and group 3 (P<0.01). Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences of the relative changes between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.033) and groups 1 and 3 (P=0.015). Conclusions: Volume change after wound closure was minimized by using an alloplastic membrane. The stability of the augmented horizontal thickness was most ensured by using this type of membrane irrespective of the bone substitute material used for membrane support.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.270-286
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• 2019

Purpose: Despite the well-known anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D in periodontal health, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effect of vitamin D on strengthening E-cadherin junctions (ECJs) was explored in human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs). ECJs are the major type of intercellular junction within the junctional epithelium, where loose intercellular junctions develop and microbial invasion primarily occurs. Methods: HOK-16B cells, an immortalized normal human gingival cell line, were used for the study. To mimic the inflammatory environment, cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the culture medium were assessed by an MMP antibody microarray and gelatin zymography. The expression of various molecules was investigated using western blotting. The extent of ECJ development was evaluated by comparing the average relative extent of the ECJs around the periphery of each cell after immunocytochemical E-cadherin staining. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was examined via immunohistochemical analysis. Results: $TNF-{\alpha}$ downregulated the development of the ECJs of the HGKs. Dissociation of the ECJs by $TNF-{\alpha}$ was accompanied by the upregulation of MMP-9 production and suppressed by a specific MMP-9 inhibitor, Bay 11-7082. Exogenous MMP-9 decreased the development of ECJs. Vitamin D reduced the production of MMP-9 and attenuated the breakdown of ECJs in the HGKs treated with $TNF-{\alpha}$. In addition, vitamin D downregulated $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) signaling in the HGKs. VDR was expressed in the gingival epithelium, including the junctional epithelium. Conclusions: These results suggest that vitamin D may avert $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced downregulation of the development of ECJs in HGKs by decreasing the production of MMP-9, which was upregulated by $TNF-{\alpha}$. Vitamin D may reinforce ECJs by downregulating $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling, which is upregulated by $TNF-{\alpha}$. Strengthening the epithelial barrier may be a way for vitamin D to protect the periodontium from bacterial invasion.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Smoking has become one of the public health harzard affecting the world. In the UK, smoking is responsible for around one in five deaths. The illnesses caused by smoking extend beyond the well-reported links with cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Hence the research to determine the awareness of the predisposing factor to smoking among adults in sokoto metropolis. A cross-sectional form of descriptive survey research design was used for this study. This is because descriptive studies are used when the characteristics of a population are either unknown or partially known (Hennekens & Buring, 2007), and it was used by Ganley and Rosario (2013) in a related research this justified the use of similar design in a study of similar nature.Two hundred and seventy returned questionnaire was collected, analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency count, normative percentage and grand mean; as well as inferential statistics of chi-square (${\chi}^2$). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05. Appropriate degrees of freedom were worked out. There was statistical significant influence or relationship with marital status on the predisposing factors of smoking chi-square of 19716.516 greater than the critical value 43.77297at df 30 p<0.05. There were statistical significance chi-square =27468.348 which is greater than the critical value 43.77297 at df= 30. These show that there is a relationship on gender awareness of predisposing factors to smoking rejecting the null hypotheses. The respondents across different lever/year higher institution shows that the awareness of predisposing factors of smoking there were a statistical significance difference chi-square =7168.429 (df=88) greater than critical value 102.342 rejecting the null hypotheses. There is consistent evidence that links exposure to depictions of smoking in movies and initiation of smoking in young people. Over the years television shows and films have effectively built up associations between smoking and glamour, sex and risk-taking. Social learning theory describes how we learn by example from others. We are strongly influenced by our parents, and other people we look up to, such as peers, actors and pop stars. This can lead us to emulate their behaviour and try smoking.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2021

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP) in patients during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) compared to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling. Methods: The authors searched for randomized clinical trials in 8 electronic databases for relevant studies through November 15, 2019. The eligibility criteria were as follows: population, patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing SPT; intervention and comparison, patients treated by GPAP with a standard/nozzle type jet or mechanical instrumentation; and outcomes, bleeding on probing (BOP), patient discomfort/pain (assessed by a visual analogue scale [VAS]), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (Rec), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival epithelium score, and subgingival bacteria count. After extracting the data and assessing the risk of bias, the authors performed the meta-analysis. Results: In total, 17 studies were included in this study. The difference of means for BOP in patients who received GPAP was lower (difference of means: -8.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -12.10% to -3.95%; P<0.00001; I²=10%) than that in patients treated with hand instrumentation. The results of patient discomfort/pain measured by a VAS (difference of means: -1.48, 95% CI, -1.90 to -1.06; P<0.001; I²=83%) indicated that treatment with GPAP might be less painful than ultrasonic scaling. The results of PD, Rec, PI, and CAL showed that GPAP had no advantage over hand instrumentation or ultrasonic scaling. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that GPAP may alleviate gingival inflammation more effectively and be less painful than traditional methods, which makes it a promising alternative for dental clinical use. With regards to PD, Rec, PI, and CAL, there was insufficient evidence to support a difference among GPAP, hand instrumentation, and ultrasonic scaling. Higher-quality studies are still needed to assess the effects of GPAP.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of local application of thymoquinone (TQ) on bone healing in experimental bone defects infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG). Methods: Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. A bone defect was created on the right tibia of all animals. The PG, PG/collagen membrane (COL) and PG/TQ/COL groups were infected with PG. In the COL and PG/COL groups, the defects were covered with a COL; in the TQ/COL and PG/TQ/COL groups, the defects were covered with a TQ-containing COL. After 28 days, all animals were sacrificed. Quantitative measurements of new bone formation and osteoblast lining, as well as semiquantitative measurements of capillary density and tissue response, were analyzed. Furthermore, the presence of bacterial infections in defect areas was evaluated. Results: The new bone formation, osteoblast number, and capillary density were significantly higher in the TQ groups than in the control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.01, respectively). In a comparison between the TQ/COL group, with a TQ-containing COL (TQ/COL), and the PG-infected TQ-containing COL (PG/TQ/COL) group, the newly formed bone and capillary density were higher in the TQ/COL group (P<0.01). When the control group was compared to the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups in terms of tissue response, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.02, and P=0.041, respectively). The intensity of the inflammatory cell reaction was higher in the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the local application of a TQ-containing COL positively affected bone healing even if the bone defects were infected. The results suggest that TQ increased angiogenesis and showed promise for accelerating bone defect healing. Further research is warranted to support these findings and reach more definitive conclusions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2022

The purpose of study is to evaluate in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Moringa Folium and Eucommiae Cortex 2:1 (g/g) mixtures (MEMix). HaCaT and human normal dermal fibroblast were treated with 0.01-1 mg/mL of MEMix to monitor cytotoxicity. Radical scavenging activities of MEMix were examined by DPPH assay. To explore anti-inflammatory effect, Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with MEMix for 1h and subsequently exposed to LPS for 18h. NO release and cytotoxicity of Raw 264.7 cells were measured by adding Griess and MTT reagents, respectively. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 productions were examined by ELISA. Immunoblot analysis was conducted to examine COX-2 expression in MEMix pretreated Raw 264.7 cells. Up to 1 mg/mL concentration, treatment of MEMix for 24 h did not affect normal dermal fibroblast viability and significantly reduced cell viability of HaCaT cells with no concentration dependency. MEMix increased DPPH radical scavenging activity with concentration dependency. Radical scavenging activities by 1 mg/mL of MEMix was comparable with 30 µM of trolox. Pretreatment of MEMix did not change the reduction of Raw 264.7 cell viability. Exposure of LPS in Raw 264.7 cells significantly increased NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 productions, and MEMix pretreatment attenuated these productions by LPS concentration dependently. However, pretreatment with MEMix did not change COX-2 expression by LPS in Raw 264.7 cells. MEMix showed in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. MEMix would be useful candidate agent against inflammation.