• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.465-475
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of subgingival irrigation using some oral mouth rinses on early healing process of periodontal inflammation. The study population consisted of 13 patients with periodontal inflammation and distributed into 4 groups. Oral hygiene instruction, delicate scaling and root planing were done and then irrigated per 3 days during 2 weeks in situ with 1 of 4 solutions ; normal saline, C31G, Benzotonium chloride and tetracycline. Examination regarding probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index, gingival recession and leukocytes differential count was performed. Evaluation was made at the baseline and 2 weeks after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The results were as follows : 1. Clinical indices including probing pocket depth, plaque index, sulcular bleeding index, gingival index and gingival recession were significantly improved from baseline to 2 weeks. But there was no significant differences among 4 groups. 2. PMNs percent on leukocytes differential count was significantly decreased from baseline to 2 weeks on all groups. Those of tetracycline and C31G were significantly decreased than those of normal saline group. These results suggest that clinical indices were not different, but the decrease of inflammation were significantly different among some mouth rinses.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2016

Periodontal disease, one of the most common oral diseases, has been widely researched. However, in the face of increasing incidence of adolescent periodontitis, there has been only little concern about the periodontal conditions in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health and assess the prevalence of the periodontal disease and its causing factors among adolescents. The data was collected from subjects ranging from age 10, 13 and 16 years old in Jeonju by clinical examination and survey. The prevalence of periodontal disease and plaque index value were higher in male than female (p < 0.05). The group of 13 years old subjects had the highest prevalence of periodontal disease (73.3%) and plaque index value (p < 0.05). Among the plaque index of each individual tooth, mandibular central incisor showed the highest value. The survey relating anticipated risk factors demonstrated that the group of 13 years old subjects had the least care for oral hygiene. Also, patients who received the treatment of scaling exhibited high plaque index (p < 0.05), and adolescents with great stress loads showed calculus deposition and increased plaque index (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.458-471
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• 1994

To evaluate the periodontal status of Korean adults, 3,988 adults(20-69 years old) who lived in Kwangju, Chonnam, Taegu, and Kyungbuk districts were periodontally examined by plaque index(PI), calculus index(CI), gingival index(GI), periodontal disease index (PDI), and papillary bleeding index(PBI). The periodontal examination charts were grouped according to age and sex. And subsequently 200 periodontal examination charts in each age group were randomly selected according to sex. The differences of the indices among age groups and those between male and female in each age group were statistically analyzed by Chi-Square test. In PI, CI, GI, PDI, and PBI, there was no statistical significance in the difference between male and female in each age group(p>0.05). In male, PI of 60s age group($1.44{\pm}0.68$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05), and in female PI of 20s age group($0.86{\pm}0.39$) was significantly lower than that of any other age group(p<0.05). CI of 60s age group in both male($1.67{\pm}0.70$) and female($1.63{\pm}0.91$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). GI of 20s age group in both male($0.85{\pm}0.66$) and female($0.67{\pm}0.60$) was significantly lower and GI of 60s age group in both male($1.37{\pm}0.60$) and female($1.44{\pm}0.84$) was higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). PDI in male was the lowest in 20s age group($0.70{\pm}0.73$), and was the highest in 60s age group($4.93{\pm}1.96$) (p<0.05). In female PDI of 20s age group($0.71{\pm}0.74$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.05). In male PBI of 20s age group($0.38{\pm}0.31$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.001). PBI in female was the lowest in 20s age group($0.35{\pm}0.30$) (p<0.001), and was the highest in 60s age group($1.09{\pm}0.76$) (p<0.05). The data insist that all the young populations of 20s age group should be interested in routine check for early diagnosis and prevention of periodontal disease, and a special education program of periodontal health care for young generation must be prepared, and the periodic recall check system for periodontal examination of middle age group must be supported by government.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.233-242
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• 2001

In the treatment of chronic adult periodontitis, scaling and root planing have been generally performed prior to periodontal flap surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of nonsurgical periodontal therapy prior to periodontal flap surgery in patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Fifty six molars showing bilateral bony defects and 4-6mm periodontal pocket in twelve patients with chronic adult periodontitis were selected. By randomized split-mouth design, in one side, flap operation was performed 4 weeks after scaling and root planing, in the other group, flap operation was only performed without scaling and root planing. Probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and tooth mobility were measured at baseline, before flap operation and post-operation

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.249-253
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of periodontal health of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) diagnosed patients treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy accompanying systemic antibiotics administration. Methods: Two patients with GAgP were chosen for this study. Clinical indices were taken and a radiographic examination was performed at the baseline of the study and they were treated by periodontal therapy accompanying systemic antibiotics administration. Post-surgical visits were scheduled at regular intervals to check clinical and radiographic changes. Results: Through non-surgical periodontal therapy accompanying systemic antibiotics administration, GAgP patients showed decreased probing pocket depth, sulcus bleeding index, and increased attachment level and clinical index when comparing the initial and six month follow up data. In the six month follow-up radiographic examination after non-surgical periodontal therapy, resolution of the bony defect was observed. Conclusions: Non-surgical therapy combined with systemic antibiotics administration in GAgP patients is suggested to be an effective approach to enhance the periodontal health.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1993

The purpose of the this study was to research the interrelationship of periodontal status and patient's age between diabetic group and non-diabetic group and compare that of periodontal status according to the blood sugar level and duration of diabetics. The participants of this study were 52 diabetic patients and 51 non-diabetic patients. The diabetic group and non-diabetic group were further divided into four subgroups according to the age(under 35 years old, 36 - 45 years old, 46 - 55 years old, over 56 years old) and the diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according to the duration of diabetics (under 5 years, 6 - 10 years, over 11 years) and blood sugar level(under 140mg/100ml, 140-200mg/100ml, over 200mg /100ml), respectively. Author evaluated such periodontal status as plaque index and calculus index, gingival lndex, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth, and then data was statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC+ using ANOVA, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth of diabetic patients were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic patients, respectively(p <0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between diabetic group and non-diabetic group in calculus index(P>0.05). 2. According to the increase of age, loss of attachment and missing teeth were increased in both group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. According to the elevation of blood sugar level of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001). 4. According to the duration of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in adult population. Whereas the association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease (CHD) are controversial, recent studies reported the association between periodontal disease and acute myocardial infarction or prognosis of CHD. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and angiographically defined CHD, and acute myocardial infarction, and the prognosis of treated CHD. Patients under the age of 60 who had undergone the diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study, Subjects were classified as positive CHD (+CHD, n=37) with coronary artery stenosis more than 50% in at least one of major epicardial arteries, and negative CHD (-CHD, n=20) without stenosis. After recording the number of missing teeth, periodontal disease status was measured by means of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), Positive CHD subjects were classified into acute myocardial infarction group (AMI), and non-AMI with angina pectoris and old myocardial infarction. Six months postoperatively, positive CHD subjects were followed and had undergone the coronary angiography again. Even though there was no significant difference in the periodontal parameters and status between positive CHD and negative CHD, some periodontal parameters, such as mean probing depth and proportion of sites with probing depth greater than 4mm or 6mm were significantly different between AMI and Non-AMI(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the periodontal parameters according to in angiographically follow-up status. These results indicate that periodontal disease may be associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nutritional supplements on periodontal health and tooth mobility after surgery. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group who consumed nutritional supplement drinks for 8 weeks, while the placebo group did not receive any such supplements. The gingival index (GI) and tooth mobility were measured at baseline and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks. In addition, the oral health impact profile-14 and anthropometric measurements along with loss of appetite and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: At 1 week, GI values were reduced in the intervention group (P<0.05), and tooth mobility had increased, but to a lesser extent in the intervention group (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, the intakes of protein, vitamins A and B1, and niacin were increased in the intervention group. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that nutritional supplementation improves early periodontal healing after surgery.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Background: Obesity weakens acquired immunity and causes infection. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory markers in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum and periodontal bacteria in saliva through obesity control for 4 weeks. Methods: Forty-six subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 kg/m² stayed in the camp for 4 weeks, followed by exercise and a low salt-low fat diet. Body size measurements, oral examinations, blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after the program. C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the gingival sulcus fluid were measured. After extracting bacterial genomic DNA from saliva, the presence of periodontal bacteria were detected using Taq probe. The relationship of each index before and after the program was analyzed through paired t-test and partial correlation analysis. Results: Campylobacter rectus (Cr) increased after the program, and there was no significant change in other bacteria. Serum CRP and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cr, ratio of Fn, and ratio of Cr had a positive relationship at baseline; however, the relationship was not significant after the program. Ratio of Prevotella intermedia had a positive relationship with MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-1β at baseline. Moreover, the ratio of Treponema denticola and the ratio of Tannerella forsythia showed a positive relationship with MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β. The relationship between the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis and IL-1β showed a constant positive relationship at baseline and after the program. Conclusion: Obesity control program in subjects with a BMI of ≥23 kg/m² accompanied by diet and exercise did not affect the changes in periodontal bacteria itself, but changes in the relationship between periodontal bacteria and serum CRP, the relationship between the inflammatory index in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal bacteria was observed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether salivary findings of active matrix-metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) chairside (point of care; POC) tests were associated with periodontal risk assessment parameters in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Methods: A total of 125 patients receiving regular SPT were included, and their records were examined. The following inclusion criteria were used: a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, at least 1 non-surgical periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) with following regular SPT (minimum once a year), at least 6 remaining teeth, and clinical and aMMP-8 findings that were obtained at the same appointment. In addition to anamnestic factors (e.g., smoking and diabetes), oral hygiene indices (modified sulcus bleeding index [mSBI] and approximal plaque index), periodontal probing depth simultaneously with bleeding on probing, and dental findings (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) were recorded. Salivary aMMP-8 levels were tested using a commercial POC test system (Periomarker, Hager & Werken, Duisburg, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and ${\chi}^2$ test, as appropriate (P<0.05). Results: Only the mSBI was significantly associated with positive salivary aMMP-8 findings (aMMP-8 positive: $27.8%{\pm}20.9%$ vs. aMMP-8 negative: $18.0%{\pm}14.5%$; P=0.017). No significant associations were found between aMMP-8 and smoking, diabetes, periodontal parameters, or parameters related to the maintenance interval (P>0.05). Conclusions: Salivary aMMP-8 chairside findings were not associated with common parameters used for periodontal risk assessment in patients receiving SPT. The diagnostic benefit of POC salivary aMMP-8 testing in risk assessment and maintenance interval adjustment during SPT remains unclear.