• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.72-89
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• 1996

The oral health status and practices related to oral health among 44-54-year-, 55-64-year- and 65-year-old needy residents were assessed. The subjects were the residents at the Unbong Permanent Rental Apartment, Bansong-dong, Haeundae-gu. Pusan, Korea. An oral epidemiological survey was undertaken to determine the status of dental caries and periodontal health. Periodontal health were analyzed by the tool of CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). A questionnaire was used to interview for the practices of toothbrushing. The numbers of subjects were 192 for the interview on toothbrushing, 228 for the survey of dental status and 208 for the survey of periodontal status. The major results were as follows: 1. Toothbrushing frequencies per day were 1.9 among 44-54-year-, 1.7 among 55-64-year- and 1.7 among 65+-year-subjects. Percentages of after-meal-toothbrushings among total brushing frequencies per day were 73.7% among 44-54-year-, 70.6% among 55-64-year- and 76.5% among 65+-year-subjects. 2. DMFT indices were 15.5 among 44-54-year-, 16.4 among 55-64-year- and 26.6 among 65-year-subjects. Decayed teeth component of DMF teeth were 23.9% among 44-54-year-, 11.6% among 55-64-year- and 62.8% among 65+-year-subjects. Missed teeth component of DMF teeth were 55.59% among 44-54-year-, 62.8% among 55-64-year- and 77.4% among 65+-year-subjects. Filled teeth component of DMF teeth were 20.0% among 44-54-year-, 25.0% among 55-64-year- and 10.9% among 65+-year-subjects. 3. Sound permanent teeth were 16.4 among 44-54-year-, 15.6 among 55-64-year- and 5.4 among 65+-year-subjects. Present permanent teeth were 23.7 among 44-54-year-, 21.6 among 55-64-year- and 10.9 among 65-year-subjects. 4. Subjects who needed professional oral prophylaxis were 75.0% among 44-54-year-, 83.3% among 55-64-year-and 76.9% among 65-year-subjects. Subjects who needed complex periodontal treatments were 16.7% among 44-54-year-, 13.3% among 55-64-year- and 15.4% among 65+-year-subjects. 5. Sextants which needed professional oral prophylaxis were 59.3% among 44-54-year-, 71.5% among 55-64-year- and 71.5% among 65+-year-subjects. Sextants which needed complex periodontal treatments were 5.6% among 44-54-year-, 4.1% among 55-64-year- and 5.7% among 65+-year-subjects. 6. Systematic comprehensive oral health care services should be developed for old needy residents in urban area.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.447-453
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between objective oral health status determined by dentists, self-perceived subjective oral health status, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the elderly. The related factors affecting OHRQoL in the elderly were also surveyed. Four hundred and thirty elderly individuals who visited the three public health centers and four dental clinics in Busan were selected by convenience sampling. Twelve dental hygienists investigated the subjective oral health status and OHRQoL using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and twentyone dentists examined the objective oral health status, including healthy remaining teeth, treated remaining teeth, functional remaining teeth, missing teeth, and non-treated missing teeth. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 12.0. OHRQoL was higher when oral and periodontal status was perceived as healthy, when there was no toothache, no interference in mastication, and when study subjects had the ability of food softening. It was also higher when study subjects had ${\geq}20$ remaining teeth and <9 missing teeth, and were wearing denture. The related factors affecting OHRQoL of the elderly were the type of medical insurance, toothache, ability of food softening, perception of periodontal status, and the number of healthy remaining teeth. There was a significant relationship between the subjective-objective oral health status and OHRQoL in the elderly. A continuous oral health care system aimed at retaining ${\geq}20$ healthy remaining teeth is needed to improve oral health and OHRQoL for the elderly, especially for the elderly receiving medical aid.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2013

The relationship between occlusion and periodontal health has been studied extensively. Despite this, there are few reports on the effects of intentional passive eruption (IPE) using an occlusal reduction. The aim of this clinical report was to present the favorable long-term results of IPE using an occlusal reduction combined with scaling and root planing. After periodontal examination, teeth were diagnosed as moderate chronic periodontitis with intrabony defects and mobility. IPE was performed using periodic occlusal reduction combined with initial periodontal therapy. All teeth examined healed uneventfully and the patients did not complain of discomfort. It has been clinically well maintained during 8 years after completion of IPE. Overall, these results suggest that the IPE would be helpful in improving periodontal health.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines in children with anterior open bite receiving passive orthodontic treatment with spurs. Methods: Twenty children with indications for interceptive orthodontic treatment, an anterior open bite, and good oral hygiene and periodontal health were included in this study. GCF samples were collected from the mandibular and maxillary central incisors before (baseline) and 24 hours and 7 days after spur bonding. Clinical and periodontal examinations and cytokine analyses were performed. Results: At 7 days after spur attachment, gingival bleeding in the mandibular group was increased relative to that in the maxillary group. Visible plaque was correlated with gingival bleeding at 7 days and the GCF volume at 24 hours after spur attachment. Compared with those at baseline, interleukin (IL)-8 levels in the maxillary group and IL-1β levels in both tooth groups increased at both 24 hours and 7 days and at 7 days, respectively. At 24 hours, IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were higher in the maxillary group than in the mandibular group. Cytokine production was positively correlated with increased GCF volume, but not with gingival bleeding, visible plaque, or probing depth. Conclusions: Although orthodontic treatment with spurs in children resulted in increased gingival bleeding around the mandibular incisors, IL levels were higher around the maxillary incisors and not correlated with periodontal parameters. Increased cytokine levels in GCF may be associated with the initial tooth movement during open bite correction with a passive orthodontic appliance in children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.539-555
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• 2000

Recently, it was reported that enamel matrix derivative may be beneficial in periodontal regeneration procedures in expectation of promoting new bone and cementum formation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative($Emdogain^?$)and Caso4 sulfate paste in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. Surgically created 1-wall intrabony defects were randomly assigned to receive root debridement alone or $Emdogain^{(R)}$ or $Emdogain^{(R)}$ and Caso4. Clinical defect size was 4 X 4mm. The control group was treated with root debridement alone,and Experimental group I was treated with enamel matrix derivative application, and Experimental group II was treated with enamel matrix derivative and Caso4 sulfate paste application,. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows: 1. The length of junctional epithelium was $0.41{\pm}0.01mm$ in the control group, $0.42{\pm}0.08mm$in the experimental group I and $0.50{\pm}0.13mm$in the experimental group II. 2. The connective tissue adhesion was $0.28{\pm}0.02mm$ in the control group, $0.13{\pm}0.08mm$ in the experimental group I and $0.19{\pm}0.02mm$ in the experimental group II. 3. The new cementum formation was $3.80{\pm}0.06mm$ in the control group, $4.12{\pm}0.43mm$ in the experimental group I and $4.34{\pm}0.71mm$ in the experimental group II. 4. The new bone formation was $1.43{\pm}0.03mm$ in the control group, $1.53{\pm}0.47mm$ in the experimental group I and $2.25{\pm}1.35mm$ in the experimental group II. Although there was limitation to present study, the use of enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of periodontal 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new cementum and bone formation. Caso4 sulfate paste will be the candidate for carriers to deliver enamel matrix derivative, and so enhance the regenerative potency of enamel matrix derivative.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

Purpose: After periodontal surgery, studies have found that the use of periodontal wound dressing reduces the risk of wound infection and increases healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of attachable periodontal wound dressing on the healing and patient satisfaction after periodontal flap surgery. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients requiring periodontal surgery underwent periodontal flap surgery on both quadrants of maxilla or mandible. Postoperative pain, bleeding, dietary discomfort and hypersensitivity in relation to attachable periodontal wound dressing was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Additional survey on frequency of burning sensation and overall satisfaction rates were assessed. Results: VAS mean values for pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort depending on the presence and absence of attachable wound dressing were; pain: 2.82, 3.96 (P = 0.002), bleeding: 1.61, 2.54 (P = 0.008), dietary discomfort: 2.82, 4.18 (P < 0.001), respectively. Test groups with attachable wound dressing reported significantly lower rates of discomfort. No significant difference was observed in burning sensation and hypersensitivity related with wound dressing. Satisfaction was higher in 75% of patients who received wound dressing. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, patients who received attachable periodontal wound dressing reported less postoperative pain, bleeding, and dietary discomfort. There was no statistical significance related to the use of wound dressing with burning sensation and hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 1998

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with profound effects on oral health and periodontal wound healing. Uncontrolled diabetes adversely affects surgical wound healing and is often associated with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells were chosen because they are intimately involved in periodontal therapy and are important for the success of surgical procedure such as guided tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether cellular activity and collagen synthesis by glucose pre-treated human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells are influenced by insulin, and whether healthy cells differ from glucose treated cells. Cells were cultured with DMEM at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$, 100% humidified incubator. To evaluate the effect of glucose on gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. Then MTT assay was carried out. To evaluate the effect of insulin on glucose-pretreated cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. After incubation, $10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5mU/l$ of insulin were also added to the each well and incubated for 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay and collagen synthesis assay were carried out. The results indicate that cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts significantly increased by glucose while periodontal ligament cells were unaffected and cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were unaffected by insulin. Collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblast with 20mM glucose and insulin unaffected, but 50mM glucose and insulin increased than control. Collagen synthesis of periodontal ligament cell with 20mM glucose and $10^5mU/l$ insulin significantly increased than other groups and 50mM glucose pretreated PDL cells significantly increased at $10^3mU/l$ insulin but decreased at $10^4mU/l$ insulin. Our findings indicated that these cell types differed in their growth response to glucose, and the increase in collagen synthesis was significantly raised at insulin level of $10^3mU/l$ in gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells except 20mM glucose pretreated periodontal ligament cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2010

Purpose: There is no consensus regarding the relationship between the width of keratinized mucosa and the health of periimplant tissues, but clinicians prefer to provide enough keratinized mucosa around dental implants for long-term implant maintenance. An apically positioned flap during second stage implant surgery is the chosen method of widening the keratinized zone in simple procedures. However, the routine suture techniques used with this method tend to apply tension over the provisional abutments and decrease pre-existing keratinized mucosa. To overcome this shortcoming, a pre-fabricated implant-retained stent was designed to apply vertical pressure on the labial flap and stabilize it in a bucco-apical direction to create a wide keratinized mucous zone. Methods: During second stage implant surgery, an apically displaced, partial thickness flap with a lingualized incision was retracted. A pre-fabricated stent was clipped over the abutments after connecting to the provisional abutment. Vertical pressure was applied to displace the labial flap. No suture was required and the stent was removed after 10 days. Results: A clinically relevant amount of keratinized mucosa was achieved around the dental implants. Buccally displaced keratinized mucosa was firmly attached to the underlying periosteum. A slight shrinkage of the keratinized zone was noted after the healing period in one patient, but no discomfort during oral hygiene was reported. Clinically healthy gingiva with enough keratinized mucosa was achieved in both patients. Conclusions: The proposed technique is a simple and time-effective technique for preserving and providing keratinized tissue around dental implants.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.193-204
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• 2015

Purpose: With the increasing prevalence of orthodontic treatment in adults, clear aligner treatments are becoming more popular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal tissue and to compare orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (FA) to clear aligner treatment (CAT) in periodontitis patients. Methods: A total of 35 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment in the Department of Periodontology were included in this study. After periodontal treatment with meticulous oral hygiene education, patients underwent treatment with FA or CAT, and this study analyzed patient outcomes depending on the treatment strategy. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after orthodontic treatment, and the duration of treatment was compared between these two groups. Results: The overall plaque index, the gingival index, and probing depth improved after orthodontic treatment (P<0.01). The overall bone level also improved (P=0.045). However, the bone level changes in the FA and CAT groups were not significantly different. Significant differences were found between the FA and CAT groups in probing depth, change in probing depth, and duration of treatment (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the FA and CAT groups regarding the plaque index, changes in the plaque index, the gingival index, changes in the gingival index, or changes in the alveolar bone level. The percentage of females in the CAT group (88%) was significantly greater than in the FA group (37%) (P<0.01). Conclusions: After orthodontic treatment, clinical parameters were improved in the FA and CAT groups with meticulous oral hygiene education and plaque control. Regarding plaque index and gingival index, no significant differences were found between these two groups. We suggest that combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment can improve patients' periodontal health irrespective of orthodontic techniques.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1995

It is very important to understand the chief complaint of a patient prior to evaluation of prognosis and establishment of treatment plan. The purpose of this study was to prepare the basic data available for dental practitioners in establishing the treatment plan of periodontal patients. The chief complaints were statistically analyzed according to age and sex from 5.843 periodontal cases(age range: $20{\sim}70,male$: 3,048, female: 2,795) by means of Chi-Square Test in Microstat program. The results were as follows : 1.The proportion of each chief complaint, except routine check was in the following order: pain(32.84%) ; gingival swelling(13.35%); tooth mobility(13.2S%); hypersensitivity(12.53%) ; gingival bleeding(8.45%) ; pus discharge(8.33%) ; food impaction(3.80%); gingival recession(3.59%); halitosis(2.70%) ; itching sensation(1.90%); spacing(O.48%) ; implant(O.39%) ; gingival discoloration(0.38%). 2. The pain was the predominant chief complaint of periodontal patients regardless of age and sex(p