• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

To estimate the structural seismic demand, some methods are based on an equivalent linear system such as the Capacity Spectrum Method, the N2 method and the Equivalent Linearization method. Another category, widely investigated, is based on displacement correction such as the Displacement Coefficient Method and the Coefficient Method. Its basic concept consists in converting the elastic linear displacement of an equivalent Single Degree of Freedom system (SDOF) into a corresponding inelastic displacement. It relies on adequate modifying or reduction coefficient such as the inelastic deformation ratio which is usually developed for systems with known ductility factors ($C_{\mu}$) and ($C_R$) for known yield-strength reduction factor. The present paper proposes a rational approach which estimates this inelastic deformation ratio for SDOF bilinear systems by rigorous nonlinear analysis. It proposes a new inelastic deformation ratio which unifies and combines both $C_{\mu}$ and $C_R$ effects. It is defined by the ratio between the inelastic and elastic maximum lateral displacement demands. Three options are investigated in order to express the inelastic response spectra in terms of: ductility demand, yield strength reduction factor, and inelastic deformation ratio which depends on the period, the post-to-preyield stiffness ratio, the yield strength and the peak ground acceleration. This new inelastic deformation ratio ($C_{\eta}$) is describes the response spectra and is related to the capacity curve (pushover curve): normalized yield strength coefficient (${\eta}$), post-to-preyield stiffness ratio (${\alpha}$), natural period (T), peak ductility factor (${\mu}$), and the yield strength reduction factor ($R_y$). For illustrative purposes, instantaneous ductility demand and yield strength reduction factor for a SDOF system subject to various recorded motions (El-Centro 1940 (N/S), Boumerdes: Algeria 2003). The method accuracy is investigated and compared to classical formulations, for various hysteretic models and values of the normalized yield strength coefficient (${\eta}$), post-to-preyield stiffness ratio (${\alpha}$), and natural period (T). Though the ductility demand and yield strength reduction factor differ greatly for some given T and ${\eta}$ ranges, they remain take close when ${\eta}>1$, whereas they are equal to 1 for periods $T{\geq}1s$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.752-757
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• 1999

Studies were made of digestion of timothy (Pheleum pretense) hay, tall fescue (Festuca elatior) hay, and rice (Oryza sativa) straw in pure cultures of rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontails MCH3. The fungus was inoculated on ground forages (1%, w/v) in an anaerobic medium and incubated at $39^{\circ}C$. Incubation was continued for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The losses of dry matter, xylose and glucose of forage during incubation were determined at the end of these incubation periods. Xylose and glucose were considered to be released from xylan and cellulose, respectively. The digested xylan to digested cellulose (X/C) ratios of the substrate were calculated. Xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase) of culture supernatant and residual substrate was measured at the same time. The X/C ratios in the cultures on timothy hay and rice straw were greater than 0.5 in the first 24-h incubation period. The values were smaller than 0.3 in tall fesque. The ratio of xylanase activity to that of CMCase in the first 24-h incubation period correlated well with the traits in X/C ratio. However xylanase activity was still superior to CMCase in the following incubation period (48 to 96 h), although the glucose (designated as cellulose) was more intensively digested than xylose (designated as xylan). The production of these polysaccharidases appeared to correlate with substrate cell-wall sugar composition, xylose to glucose ratios, at the beginning of fast growing period.

• 산업공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.119-134
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• 1997

The management of blood inventory is very important within the medical care system. The efficient management of blood supplies and demands for transfusions is of great economic and social importance to both hospitals and patients. For any blood type, there is a complex interaction among the optimal inventory level, daily demand level, daily supply level, transfusion to crossmatch ratio, crossmatch release period, issuing policy and the age of arriving units that determine the shortage and outdate rate. In this paper, we develop an efficient decision rule for blood inventory management in a hospital blood bank which can support efficient hospital blood inventory management using simulation. The primary use of the efficient decision rule will be to establish minimum cost function which consists of inventory levels, period in inventory, outdate and shortage rate for whole blood and various component inventories for a hospital blood bank or a transfusion service. If the administrator compute the mean daily demand for each blood type, the mean daily supply for each blood type, the length of the crossmatch release period and the average transfusion to crossmatch ratio, then it is possible to apply the efficient decision rule to compute the optimal inventory level, inventory period, outdate and shortage rate. This rule can also be used as a decision support system that allows the blood bank administrator to do sensitivity analysis related to controllable blood inventory parameters.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 1996

The management of blood inventory is very important within the medical care system. The efficient management of blood supplies and demands for transfusion is of great economic and social importance to both hospitals and patients. Fro any blood type, there is a complex interaction among the optimal inventory level, daily demand level , daily supply level, transfusion to crossmatch ratio, crossmatch release period, issuing policy and the age of arriving units that determine the shortage and outdate rate. In this paper, we develop an efficient decision rule for blood inventory management in a hospital blood bank which can support efficient hospital blood inventory management using simulation, The primary use of the efficient decision rule will be to establish minimum cost function which consists of inventory levels , period in inventory, outdate and shortage rate for whole blood and various component inventories for a hospital blood bank or a transfusion service, If the adminstrator compute the mean daily demand for each blood type, the mean daily supply for each blood type, the length of the crossmatch release period and the average transfusion to crossmatch ratio , then it is possible to apply the efficient decision rule to compute the optimal inventory level, inventory period , outdate and shortage rate. This rule can also be used as a decision support system that allows the blood bank adminstrator to do sensitivity analysis related to controlled blood inventory parameters.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

This paper examines the impact of mergers on the financial performance of the Jordanian banking sector. This paper applies the financial approaches in analysing the effects of mergers on Jordanian banks' performance for two the periods: four years pre-merger and four years' post-merger for the period from 2001 to 2009. The sample of the study solely contains the case of the merger of the Jordan Ahli Bank (AHLI bank) with Philadelphia Bank in 2005. Data are tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The financial ratios and a statistical technique as a Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the significant differences in the financial performance of the selected banks pre- and post-merger by investigating the performance-related financial ratio groups that are expressed by leverage, liquidity, efficiency, and cash flow ratio. The results show that there is an insignificant improvement in the ratios of AHLI bank in the period after the merger, except for the superior result provided by this study indicating that the leverage ratios improved significantly. The reason for the insignificant improvement in financial ratios may be that the post-merger period corresponds to the period of the global financial crisis that began in 2007.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2022

One common method to select input ground motions to predict dynamic behavior of structures subjected to seismic excitation requires spectral acceleration (S_a) match target mean response spectrum. However, dispersion of ground motions, which explicitly affects the structural response, is rarely discussed in this method. Generally, selecting ground motions matching target mean and variance has been utilized as an appropriate method to predict reliable seismic response. The goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of target spectra variance of ground motions on structural seismic response. Two sets of ground motions with different target variances (zero variance and minimum variance larger than inherent variance of the target spectrum) are selected as input to two different structures. Structural responses at different heights are compared, in terms of peak, mean and dispersion. Results show that increase of target spectra variance tends to increase peak floor acceleration, peak deformation and dispersions of response of interest remarkably. To short-period structures, dispersion increase ratios of seismic response are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. To long-period structures, dispersions of floor acceleration and floor response spectra increase more significantly at the bottom, while dispersion increase ratios of IDR and deformation are close to that of S_a of input ground motions at the first period. This study could further provide useful information on selecting appropriate ground motion to predict seismic behavior of different types of structures.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 1996

죽변항 내외의 2개 정점에 수압식 파고계를 설치하여 동계의 악천후시 현장관측을 실시하고 장주기 부진동 특성을 파악하였다. 관측자료 분석에 의한 공진주기 해석시 기존의 항내 정점에서 스펙트럼 에너지가 최대인 주기 및 그 분포 형태를 기준한 방법외에 항외에 대한 항내 정점에서의 상대 증폭비를 기준한 방법을 도입하였다. 자료 분석과 수치실험 결과 죽변항 수역의 제1 공진 모드는 약 12분에서 약 7배의 증폭비를 가지며 제2 공진 모드는 약 6분인 것으로 나타났다. 관측기간중 항내에서의 수면진동폭은 약 10-20 cm로 나타났으며 황천시 항내 정점에서 단주기파의 군파 효과 또는 이 성분이 장주기파에 중첩된 영향에 의한 것으로 생각되는 2-3분 부근의 부진동이 출현하였다. 단주기파와 장주기파에서 통상적으로 사용되는 반사율을 선형적으로 연결시킨 수치실험을 통하여 3분 이하 부진동에서의 증폭비를 비교적 잘 재현하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1978

Full-wave를 얻기 위한 회로와 그 회로의 해석을 하여 간단한 결과식을 얻고 또 full-wave를 이용한 duty ratio가 가변인 square wave를 얻을 수 있음을 옳바른 이론과 실험을 통해 구현하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.97-100
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• 2009

A negative waveform was studied to improve the driving characteristics of reset and address periods in ac PDP. Comparative experiments between negative and conventional positive waveforms were performed with 42-inch XGA PDP module. The negative waveform showed lower breakdown voltage than the conventional positive waveform in reset period. Due to its weak and stable discharge during reset period, the contrast ratio was improved by decreasing the black luminance. During address period, the discharge time-lag was measured. The formative time lag ($=T_f$) of negative waveform was improved about 22.8% than $T_f$ of conventional positive waveform.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.247-265
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 비례적 추론의 바탕이 되는 비 개념을 우리나라의 초등학교에서 어떻게 지도하여 왔는지를 분석하였다. 먼저 비 개념과 관련된 용어에 대하여 논의하고, 비 관련 개념을 그동안 어떻게 지도해왔는지를 알아보기 위해 교수 요목기부터 제7차 교육과정까지의 교과서에서 비 개념을 어떻게 기술했는지를 비판적으로 검토하였다. 이에 대한 대안으로서 오랫동안 현실주의 수학교육에 바탕을 두어 개발한 네델란드의 Wiskobas 프로그램을 통해 우리나라 비에 대한 지도의 방향이 어떠해야하는지에 대한 교육적 시사점을 찾아보았다. 그 시사점으로 비례적 추론을 개발하기 위한 프로그램의 조기 도입, 직관적이고 개념적인 비 개념 도입, 문맥 문제와 실생활 관련 문제 개발, 시각적 모델 사용의 필요성이 제기되었다.