• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to establish implications for forest restoration planning in North Korea by analyzing spatio-temporal forest changes and detecting bio-physical factors driving forest degraded. We measured the relationship and spatial distribution between shifting cultivation and sparse forest. We also analyzed between degraded forest land and ecological variables by binary logistic regression to find biophysical drivers of forest degradation and deforestation in North Korea. Between the sparse forest and the shifting cultivation, a positive relationship is found (r=0.91) and scattered discontinuously throughout the country (Moran's I = -1, Z score = -13.46 (p=0.000)). The sparse forest showed a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9), the coldest month(bio10), and the minimum of soil water contents (swc_min), while the shifting cultivation had a negative relationship with the warmest month(bio 9) and the minimum of soil water contents(swc_min). However, the most critical drivers convert forests into sloping farmland were the three months rainfall in summer(bio8) and the yearly mean of soil water contents. Such results reflect the growth period of crops which overlaps with the rainy season in North Korea and the recent land reclamation of uplands where the soil water contents are maintained with a dense forest. When South Korea aids forest restoration projects in North Korea, in consideration of food shortage due to North Korea's cropland deficiency, terrace farmlands where soil water contents can be maintained should be excluded from the priority restoration area. In addition, an evaluation method for selecting a potential restoration area must be modified and applied based on multiple criteria including altitude and socio-economic factors in the respective regions.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 현재 산업 전반에 널리 사용되고 있는 복합재료(탄소섬유강화플라스틱, 유리섬유강화플라스틱)의 비파과검사를 위한 광적외선 열화상기법을 이용한 복합재료 측정 표준기술개발을 위한 결함(인클루젼, 충간결함) 검출 기술을 실험하였다. 결함의 검출률을 높이기 위하여 위상잠금 방법을 활용하였다. 결과는 시험편의 두께에 따라 광원의 조사시간을 늘릴 경우 결함 검출의 확률이 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 하지만 50 mHz 이하의 광원을 가하였을 때에도 결과값이 좋아지지 않는 점은 열확산이 재료 전체에 영향을 미치게 되면 결함 부위가 전체적으로 열평형 상태가 되어 결함 검출이 어려움을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2008

본 논문에서 반향 제거기의 반향 경로 변화를 추적하면서 근단 신호를 검출할 수 있는 새로운 동시통화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 방법은 채널 입력 신호와 추정 오차 신호 간의 교차상관도와 마이크 입력 신호와 추정 오차 신호간의 정규화된 교차상관도를 이용한다. 이 두 교차상관도의 문턱치를 적절히 조합하여 이 알고리듬은 동시통화의 발생과 반향 경로의 변화를 구별한다. 이 방법은 반향경로의 변화를 추적하면서 동시통화를 검출할 수 있다. 동시통화기간동안 근단 신호에 의해 반향제거기의 적응필터계수가 오조정되는 것을 막는다. 이 동안 반향제거기는 반향경로의 변화를 계속 추적할 수 있다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 알고리즘이, 반향 경로 변화 추적과 동시통화를 검출하면서, ERLE 관점에서 Ye등의 알고리즘이나 NLMS 알고리즘보다 우수함이 입증되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1994

It was reported that BCF's (Bioconcentration Factor) on Carbaryl and BPMC in concentration of 1, 2, 5 and 10 ppm, previously. Carassius auratus(goldfish) was chosen as test organism. Carbamates in fish and in test water were extracted with n-hexane and acetonitrile. GC-ECD was used to detecting and quantitating of Carbamates. Also, partition coefficients were determined with Stir flask method. To evaluate environmental toxicological profiles of tested compounds, experimental concentration were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm in contrast to previous report. It was considered that higher BCFs of BPMC due to its higher partition coefficient compared to Carbaryl. The obtained results were as follows: 1. It was possible to determine short term BCF of Carbaryl and BPMC through relatively simple procedure in environmental concentrations. 2. BCF$_3$ of Carbaryl in concentration of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm were 4.666 $\pm$ 0.002, 3.622 $\pm$ 0.004, 1.200 $\pm$ 0.002 and BCF$_5$ were 3.897 $\pm$ 0.005, 4.219 $\pm$ 0.017 and 1.186 $\pm$ 0.054, respectively. In the case of BPMC in same condition, BCF$_3$ were 4.077 $\pm$ 0.014, 4.900 $\pm$ 0.005, 4.750 $\pm$ 0.009 and BCF$_5$ were 3.465 $\pm$ 0.010, 4.612 $\pm$ 0.011 and 4.075 $\pm$ 0.012, respectively. 3. Carbaryl concentration in fish extract was increased as increasing test concentration, but BCF were decreased as prolonging test period, especially dropped at 0.5 ppm. 4. In the case of BPMC, BCF were decreased as increasing test concentration, but the concentration in fish extract of 3-day test group was slightly higher than that of 5-day test group. 5. Higher BPMC concentration in fish extract was due to its higher partition coefficient to compared with Carbaryl. 6. Determined logP of Carbaryl and BPMC were 2.200 and 3.180. But the calculated BCF using suggested equation was so different that predict BCF. It is suggested that BCF's of Carbamates have to be determined by experiment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4754-4773
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• 2018

In sensor medium access control (SMAC) protocol, sensor nodes can only access the channel in the scheduling and listening period. However, this fixed working method may generate data latency and high conflict. To solve those problems, scheduling duty in the original SMAC protocol is divided into multiple small scheduling duties (micro duty MD). By applying different micro-dispersed contention channel, sensor nodes can reduce the collision probability of the data and thereby save energy. Based on the given micro-duty, this paper presents an adaptive duty cycle (DC) and back-off algorithm, aiming at detecting the fixed duty cycle in SMAC protocol. According to the given buffer queue length, sensor nodes dynamically change the duty cycle. In the context of low duty cycle and low flow, fair binary exponential back-off (F-BEB) algorithm is applied to reduce data latency. In the context of high duty cycle and high flow, capture avoidance binary exponential back-off (CA-BEB) algorithm is used to further reduce the conflict probability for saving energy consumption. Based on the above two contexts, we propose an improved SMAC protocol, micro duty adaptive SMAC protocol (MDA-SMAC). Comparing the performance between MDA-SMAC protocol and SMAC protocol on the NS-2 simulation platform, the results show that, MDA-SMAC protocol performs better in terms of energy consumption, latency and effective throughput than SMAC protocol, especially in the condition of more crowded network traffic and more sensor nodes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1746-1750
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• 2004

The PBM ${BioSign}^{TM}$ Salmonella (PBMS) test kit based on an mmunochromatographic method was evaluated for the screening of Salmonella spp. in pure cultures, and 80, 15, and 10 artificially and naturally contaminated, and negative controlled food samples, respectively. The PBMS test involves presumptive qualitative procedures, detecting the presence of Salmonella spp. in foods within 26 h total testing period and allowing the user to release negative products 70 h earlier than the conventional methods. The PBMS test using Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth was evaluated for 10 different food types for various Salmonella spp. It showed detection limits of 1 to 25 colony forming units (CFU)/25 g. No cross-reaction was observed, particularly to other gramnegative bacteria. These results indicate the PBMS test is a rapid and inexpensive procedure for the screening of Salmonella spp. present at low concentrations (1 to 25 CFU/25 g) in foods.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

압축센싱을 적용하면 전체 신호의 차원 대비 실제 사용하는 신호의 차원이 작은 희소신호의 경우, 적은 수의 관측치를 통하여 빠른 시간 내에 복원이 가능하다. 수중 표적의 기어박스 및 보조 장치 등으로부터 방사되는 신호의 토널 주파수 성분들은 처리하고자 하는 주파수 대역에서 상대적으로 주파수 성분이 적다. 따라서 토널 신호는 주파수 영역 전체 대비 희소신호로 모델링 될 수 있으므로 희소 신호 복원 알고리듬인 S-OMP(Simultaneous-Orthogonal Matching Pursuit)를 이용하여 복원할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 압축센싱 기법을 이용하여 수중 표적의 방사 소음 신호의 토널 주파수를 검출하는 기법을 제안하고 모의 실험을 통해 성능을 확인한다. 모의실험에서 기존의 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 임계치 기법을 이용한 방법에 비해 낮은 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)에서도 정확한 토널 성분을 추정 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

지역축제 등 오프라인 행사장들의 운영 방식은 보통 실시간 행사 및 부스 정보의 부재, 물품 구매 및 수령 과정에서 시간 낭비, 관람객 동선 교착 등의 문제점을 갖는다. 본 연구는 행사장 내의 모든 콘텐츠를 부스 형태로 통합함으로써 행사 정보에 대한 통일성과 부스 운영의 효율성을 높여 관람객과 관리자의 편의성을 높인다. 또한, 행사장 안에서 관람객들의 동선을 감지하고 위치 데이터를 기반으로 부스와 프로그램 배치의 효율성을 높여 동선의 문제를 최소화하며 성과를 높이는 시스템을 설계하였다. 휴대형 무선랜 AP와 제어용 유닛으로 무선 패킷을 측정하는 저비용 시스템으로 개발되었다. 이는 단기간에 가변형 부스의 설치와 해체로 이뤄지는 행사장 운영에 장점이 있다. 행사장 통합 운영을 관람객의 동선 데이터를 연계하여 활용함으로써 방문을 활성화하고 데이터 기반 프로모션에 의한 매출증대 효과가 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.371-384
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• 2023

Purpose: With an increase in the aging population, the number of patients with degenerative spinal diseases undergoing surgery has risen, as has the incidence of postoperative delirium. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting postoperative delirium in older adults who had undergone spine surgery and to identify the associated biomarkers. Methods: This study is a prospective study. Data of 100 patients aged ≥ 70 years who underwent spinal surgery were analyzed. Demographic data, medical history, clinical characteristics, cognitive function, depression symptoms, functional status, frailty, and nutritional status were investigated to identify the risk factors for delirium. The Confusion Assessment Method, Delirium Rating Scale-R-98, and Nursing Delirium Scale were also used for diagnosing delirium. To discover the biomarkers, urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed for tau, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein using digital immunoassay technology. Results: Nine patients were excluded, and data obtained from the remaining 91 were analyzed. Among them, 18 (19.8%) developed delirium. Differences were observed between participants with and without delirium in the contexts of a history of mental disorder and use of benzodiazepines (p = .005 and p = .026, respectively). Tau and UCH-L1-concentrations of urine EVs-were comparatively higher in participants with severe delirium than that in participants without delirium (p = .002 and p = .001, respectively). Conclusion: These findings can assist clinicians in accurately identifying the risk factors before surgery, classifying high-risk patients, and predicting and detecting delirium in older patients. Moreover, urine EV analysis revealed that postoperative delirium following spinal surgery is most likely associated with brain damage.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-30
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• 1985

The study was carried out to find out the changes of the sex hormone levels in the milk of Holstein cows during the reproductive stages such as the estrous cycle, pregnancy and periparturient period. The FSH, LH, estradiol-17$\beta$ and progesterone from the milk samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The levels of progesterone and estradiol-17$\beta$ were similar among inter-quarters, but they were higher in after milking than before milking times, with no statistical significance. 2. The milk progesterone levels during the estrous cycles reached a peak mean level of 3.55$\pm$0.26ng/$m\ell$ at 15 days after estrus and they did not show any differences among the length of estrous cycles. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the estrous cycles showed a peak level of 36.40$\pm$2.38pg/$m\ell$ at estrus, and decreased(17.20$\pm$0.46 pg/$m\ell$ to 18.65$\pm$1.26pg/$m\ell$) at luteal phase. 3. The FSH levels during the estrous cycles ranged from 2.25$\pm$0.23mIU/$m\ell$ to 4.35$\pm$0.24mIU/$m\ell$ showing significant changes. The LH levels during the estrous cycles gradually increased and remained a peak level of 10.90$\pm$0.36mIU/$m\ell$ from 20 to 25 days after estrus. 4. The progesterone levels during the pregnancy were decreased from 30 to 60 days after artificial insemination, and therafter continuously increased until 240 days. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the pregnancy were 24.56$\pm$1.19pg/$m\ell$ at day 30 after artificial inseminaton, and increased rapidly until 180 days. The levles were agagin decreased by 26.17$\pm$3.03pg/$m\ell$ until 210 days and markedly increased by 68.00$\pm$8.70pg/$m\ell$ until 240 days. 5. The prolactin levels during the pregnancy were 31.27$\pm$2.31ng/$m\ell$ and 42.60$\pm$2.37ng/$m\ell$ at day 150 and 240 after artificial insemination respectively. The LH levels during the pregnancy reached a peak of 27.47$\pm$7.90mIU/$m\ell$ at day 30 after artificial insemination, and thereafter gradually decreased. 6. The progesterone levels during the periparturient period reached a peak of 4.61$\pm$0.34ng/$m\ell$ at day 3 prepartum, and thereafter gradually decreased, and showed 2.05$\pm$0.60ng/$m\ell$ at day 7 postpartum. The estradiol-17$\beta$ levels during the periparturient period showed high level from 207.23$\pm$6.04pg/$m\ell$ at day 1 prepartum to 239.90$\pm$13.90pg/$m\ell$ at day 2 prepartum, and thereafter began to decline and reached 51.87$\pm$1.72pg/$m\ell$ at by 7 postpartum. 7. The prolactin levels during the periparturient period showed relatively higher level at the time of parturition. The LH levels during the periparturient period rnage from 6.32$\pm$0.32mIU/$m\ell$ to 13.90$\pm$1.37mIU/$m\ell$ showing significant changes. 8. The progesterone levels(4.6$\pm$0.8ng/$m\ell$) of the pregnant cows were significantly higher than those (1.84$\pm$1.4ng/$m\ell$) of nonpregnant cows. The cows of artificial insemination from 61 to 90 days after parturition showed higher progesterone levels. 9. During 20 to 25 days after artificial insemination, the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis from milk progesterone levels were 94.4% for nonpregnant cows(<2.3ng/$m\ell$), and 75.0% for pregnant cows( 3.2ng/$m\ell$). The average overall accuracy of pregnancy prediction for nonpregnant and pregnant cows 83.3% 10. The results obtained this study suggest that the understanding of the endocrinological mechanisms by means of milk hormone analysis during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and parturition would give the basic information needed for increasing efficiency of reproduction. This study would not only provide an accurate method of the early pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone levels but also contribute to the research of providing the method of detecting of FSH levels in milk, which was difficult in blood serum.