• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.260-266
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• 1985

Pregancy is a part of women's life and is common process experienced by most women. On the other hand, a few cannot be pregnant. There are many reasons of infertility and myoma uteri of pelvic mass is a rare reason of infertility. Complication of pregnancy accompanied with myoma uteri is largely affected by the size or location of mass and the incidence by myoma uteri in pregnancy rarely happened, but mass with long pedunculus causes torsion as uterus is getting bigger. In labor myoma uteri causes the abnormal condition of fetal presentation and results in the abnormal childbirth. In case of myoma uteri, maternal mortality is low and there by medical hazards also decrease, but as the life insurance medical is the extensive prediction science, we believe that the prediction of perinatal or the condition of afterbirth by knowing the location, size of myoma uteri contributes to the medical examination. We experienced one case of Elderly primigravida with myoma uteri in Med Dept of Dae Han Kyouk life Insurance Co. Ltd. which the insured with medical examination believe herself as menopause. So we report the observations with studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.117-122
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• 2015

Global developmental delay (GDD) is a relatively common early-onset chronic neurological condition, which may have prenatal, perinatal, postnatal, or undetermined causes. Family history, physical and neurological examinations, and detailed history of environmental risk factors might suggest a specific disease. However, diagnostic laboratory tests, brain imaging, and other evidence-based evaluations are necessary in most cases to elucidate the causes. Diagnosis of GDD has recently improved because of remarkable advances in genetic technology, but this is an exhaustive and expensive evaluation that may not lead to therapeutic benefits in the majority of GDD patients. Inborn metabolic errors are one of the main targets for the treatment of GDD, although only a small proportion of GDD patients have this type of error. Nevertheless, diagnosis is often challenging because the phenotypes of many genetic or metabolic diseases often overlap, and their clinical spectra are much broader than currently known. Appropriate and cost-effective strategies including up-to-date information for the early identification of the "treatable" causes of GDD are needed for the development of well-timed therapeutic applications with the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

The experiment involved observations of 2,514 Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effects of environmental factors (cow's age, calving season, weight and sex of calves, housing system) and genetic factors on gestation length in dairy cattle and the correlation between gestation length and other reproductive traits (calving ease, stillbirth rates and placental expulsion). Genetic parameters were estimated based on the sires of calved cows (indirect effect) and the sires of live-born calves (direct effect). The following factors were found to contribute to prolonged gestation: increasing cow's age, male fetuses and growing fetus weight. Optimal gestation length was determined in the range of 275-277 days based on calving ease and stillbirth rates. The heritability of gestation length was estimated at 0.201-0.210 by the direct effect and 0.055-0.073 by the indirect effect. The resulting genetic correlations suggest that the efforts to optimize (prolong) gestation length could exert an adverse influence on the breeding value of bulls by increasing perinatal mortality and calving difficulty. The standard errors of the investigated parameters were relatively high, suggesting that any attempts to modify gestation length for the purpose of improving calving ease and reducing stillbirth rates should be introduced with great caution.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2006

Motor delay, when present, is usually the first concern brought by the parents of children with developmental delay. Cerebral palsy that is the most common motor delay, is a nonspecific, descriptive term pertaining to disordered motor function that is evident in early infancy and is characterized by changes in muscle tone, muscle weakness, involuntary movements, ataxia, or a combination of these abnormalities. A wide range of causative disorders and risk factors have been identified for cerebral palsy, and broadly classified into 5 groups; perinatal brain injury, brain injury related to prematurity, developmental abnormalities, prenatal risk factors, and postnatal brain injury. Delay in attaining developmental milestones is the most distinctive presenting complaint in children with cerebral palsy. A detailed history and thorough physical and neurologic examinations are crucial in the diagnostic process. The clinician should be cautious about diagnostic pronouncement unless the findings are unequivocal. Several serial examinations and history review are necessary. All children with cerebral palsy should undergo a neuroimaging study, preferably MRI, because an abnormality is documented on head MRI(89%) and CT(77%). The high incidence rates for mental retardation, epilepsy, ophthalmologic defects, speech and language disorders and hearing impairment make it imperative that all children with cerebral palsy be screened for mental retardation, ophthalmologic and hearing impairments, and speech and language disorders; nutrition, growth, and swallowing also should be closely monitored.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.934-938
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• 2003

Canavan disease, also known as van Bogaert-Bertrand disease, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early an onset and a progressive spongyform degeneration of the brain, associated with an edema of the central nerve system, intramyelinic swelling and neurologic symptoms. This disorder is most prevalent in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent but has been observed in other ethnic groups. Patients have severe mental retardation, poor head control, macrocephaly and seizures. Canavan disease is caused by the accumulation of N-acetylaspartic acid(NAA) in the brain as the result of a deficiency of aspartoacylase(ASPA) activity. Most children are reported to have the infantile form, becoming symptomatic between three and six month of age, after unremarkable prenatal and perinatal course. We experienced a case of Canavan disease in a six day old female newborn baby, associated with seizure, degeneration of brain white matter and markedly elevated urine N-acetylaspartic acid(NAA) level. So, we report the case with a brief review of the related literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Recent studies have focused on the association between birth weight (BW) and later body composition. Some reports suggest that fetal nutrition, as reflected by BW, may have an inverse programing effect on abdominal adiposity later in life. This inverse association between BW and abdominal adiposity in adults may contribute to insulin resistance. Rapid weight gain during infancy in SGA children seemed to be associated with increased fat mass rather than lean mass. Early catch-up growth after SGA birth rather than SGA itself has been noted as a cardiovascular risk factor in later life. Children who are born SGA also have a predisposition to accumulation of fat mass, particularly intra-abdominal fat. It is not yet clear whether this predisposition is due to low BW itself, rapid postnatal catch-up growth, or a combination of both. In this report, we review the published literature on central fat accumulation and metabolic consequences of being SGA, as well as the currently popular research area of SGA, including growth aspects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Passive exposure to tobacco smoke significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in children. Children, in particular, seem to be the most susceptible population to the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Paternal smoking inside the home leads to significant maternal and fetal exposure to ETS and may subsequently affect fetal health. ETS has been associated with adverse effects on pediatric health, including preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, perinatal mortality, respiratory illness, neurobehavioral problems, and decreased performance in school. A valid estimation of the risks associated with tobacco exposure depends on accurate measurement. Nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, are commonly used as smoking biomarkers, and their levels can be determined in various biological specimens such as blood, saliva, and urine. Recently, hair analysis was found to be a convenient, noninvasive technique for detecting the presence of nicotine exposure. Because nicotine/cotinine accumulates in hair during hair growth, it is a unique measure of longterm, cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke. Although smoking ban policies result in considerable reductions in ETS exposure, children are still exposed significantly to tobacco smoke not only in their homes but also in schools, restaurants, child-care settings, cars, buses, and other public places. Therefore, more effective strategies and public policies to protect preschool children from ETS should be consolidated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2009

The dog breeding kennel bacterial infection are very significant in perinatal mortality. In many case, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli were infected in intra-uterine or by the genital tract to the puppies, and they are cause of septicemic death of the puppies and clinical mastitis of bitch, leading to septicemic death of newborn puppies. Severe mastitis due to bacterial infection was diagnosed in a 2 year-old female Brittany Spaniel which loss 6 puppies with odor small rice sharp white diarrhea of nine puppies. Bright curd milk and intestinal sample were inoculated on MacConkey agar, blood agar and brain heart infusion agar, and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24-48 hrs. Gram negative colonies isolated from these sample which were characterized as Glu, Ure, $H_2S$, Orn, Cit, and Cl, and were identified by Microscan Walk-Aways Baxter, American Type Culture Collection, USA) as Proteus mirabils. The isolate was more sensitive to ampicillin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazidime. In this results, we confirmed that cause bacteria of septicemic death in puppies was P. mirabilis.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2012

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder of pregnancy that is suspected to have a strong genetic predisposition. It is associated with poor perinatal outcome, and both GDM women and their offspring are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). During the past several years, there has been progress in finding the genetic risk factors of GDM in relation to T2DM. Some of the genetic variants that were proven to be significantly associated with T2DM are also genetic risk factors of GDM. Recently, a genome-wide association study of GDM was performed and reported that genetic variants in CDKAL1 and MTNR1B were associated with GDM at a genome-wide significance level. Current investigations using next-generation sequencing will improve our insight into the pathophysiology of GDM. It would be important to know whether genetic information revealed from these studies could improve our prediction of GDM and the future development of T2DM. We hope further research on the genetics of GDM would ultimately lead us to personalized genomic medicine and improved patient care.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.989-993
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• 2010

Although numerous clinical observational studies have been conducted over a period of over 30 years, the clinical significance of $Ureaplasma$ infection is still under debate. The $Ureaplasma$ speices. is a commensal in the female genital tract and considered to have of low virulence; however, $Ureaplasma$ colonization has been associated with infertility, stillbirth, preterm delivery, histologic chorioamnionitis, and neonatal morbidities, including congenital pneumonia, meningitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and perinatal death. Recently, $Ureaplasma$ was subdivided into 2 separate species and 14 serovars. $Ureaplasma$ $parvum$ is known as biovar 1 and contains serovars 1, 3, 6, and 14, and $Ureaplasma$ $urealyticum$ (biovar 2) contains the remaining serovars (2, 4, 5, and 7-13). The existence of differences in pathogenicities of these 14 serovars and 2 biovars is controversial. Although macrolides are the only antimicrobial agents currently available for use in neonatal ureaplasmal infections, in the current clinical field, it is difficult to make decisions regarding which antibiotics should be used. Future investigations involving large, multicenter, randomized, controlled studies are needed before proper recommendations can be made for clinical practice.