• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

Perceptual judgement method is frequently used in evaluating dysarthric speech. Although most of speech pathologists and researchers focus on the 38 perceptual features provided by Darley, Aronson & Brown(1969) during evaluation, there are additional characteristics that may be useful to describe dysarthria in literature. We reviewed previous dysarthria literature and selected 46 perceptual characteristics that could be examined at various subsystems of speech production. We also provided explanations and rationale for the rating method for each of the perceptual characteristics. This attempt might aid to offer a basic ground for developing a diagnostic tool of dysarthria.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2004

An auditory-perceptual evaluation has long been utilized in assessing dysarthric speech. The process involves subjective judgement and the results might vary depending on clinical experiences or training of listeners. This study aimed to investigate reliability of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of 22 multi -dimensional variables on 6 patients with Parkinsonian speech disorders. Listeners were divided into two groups: one consisted of 6 speech therapists with clinical experiences for three years or more, and the other 6 graduate students without any previous clinical background. The results showed that the former evaluated dysarthric speech with higher inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities than the latter. Furthermore, such speech variables as 'precise consonant: 'speech intelligibility: and 'SMR regularity' were more influenced than others by clinical experiences. We, therefore, postulated that a reliable auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysarthric speech may require adequate amount of clinical training of listeners.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in speakers with voice disorders. Subjective evaluation indicates the self-reports of voice problems by dysphonic speakers. The relating protocol is the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the self-awareness index of voice problems (SAIVP-14). A total of 48 individuals with voice disorders replied to the questionnaire and participated in a voice assessment. Objective evaluations included the perceptual judgement of G grade in GRBAS, acoustic measurements (jitter, shimmer, NHR) by MDVP (CSL 4400), and aerodynamic measurements (MPT, MFR, psub) by PAS (Phonatory Aerodynamic System, KayPentax, USA). Pearson and Spearman correlations were used for the analysis. In the correlation with perceptual judgement (G grade) and VHI-Total, VHI-Physical, and SAIVP-14, there was a significant correlation, but the overall correlation was poor. NHR, jitter, and shimmer were significantly correlated with overall VHI and SAIVP-14. Specifically, the correlation with shimmer was stronger compared to the other measurements. In aerodynamic measures, MFR and MPT showed a significant correlation with VHI-Total, VHI-Emotional, and SAIVP-14, but their correlation was poor. The results of this study suggested that subjective evaluation of self voice problems is meaningfully correlated with objective evaluations, but more data in the multidimensional voice assessment should be collected and analyzed for the reliability and validity of the voice handicap questionnaire.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2006

Design is inseparably related to aesthetics. In spite of that, it is difficult to explain the precise aesthetic variables that affect the aesthetic value of space or environment. Therefore, this study intended to find the relationships between aesthetic variables by perceptual and affective judgement for space design with focus on complexity and preference variables. The research found low level of 'arousing' as well as high levels of affective dimension variables 'pleasant' and 'relaxing' evoked high preference. High preference also appeared in space design cases with high unity, order, and clarity with low contrast and complexity, which are variables of perceptual dimension. Complexity, one variables of preference by Kaplan, is in an inverse proportion to space preference. Thus, space design with high complexity has high level of 'exciting' and 'arousing' affective responses and relatively low level of 'relaxing' response. Additionally, it was confirmed that the most importantly influential factor on complexity was diverse components rather than visual richness and ornamentation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3046-3050
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• 2014

본 연구는 음성장애 청지각적 평가인 EAI(등간척도)와 VAS(시각적 아날로그 척도)의 차이점, 각 평가방법에 대한 평가자 자가-신뢰도(confidence rating)을 알아보았다. 30명의 언어병리전공 학생들이 음성장애로 진단받은 화자(N=25)의 발성과 읽기 샘플을 듣고 EAI는 7점 척도, VAS는 0-10cm의 직선에 음성장애 정도를 표시했고, 판단에 대한 자가 신뢰도 점수는 7점 척도로 실시했다. 음성장애 정도에 대한 판단의 준거가 제시되는 상황(조건 1)과 그렇지 않은 상황(조건 2)에서 모음 연장발성과 읽기 과제에 대해 각각 실시했다. 연구 결과, 발성이나 읽기과제에서 모두 동일하게 모두 VAS평가 점수가 높게 산출되었고, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 그 외 조건 1의 읽기과제와 조건 2의 발성과제에 대한 EAI와 VAS평가 점수 간에는 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 음성장애 화자들의 발화 과제와 청지각적 평가유형이 청취자들의 지각적인 판단에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 이에 대한 보다 집중된 임상 연구가 계속되어야 할 것을 시사한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to know the differences in perceptual judgement for speech intelligibility in monosyllables by inexperienced listeners and vowel space area according to different dysarthric severity. Three dysarthric speakers with different severity(mild, moderate and severe) screened by 3 clinicians' screening tests before the experiment were conducted. Corner vowels (i, u, ae, a) in monosyllable level (CVC, 'p_p') and carrier phrases ('종이에_써') were chosen and analyzed for vowel space. Inexperience listeners (n=20) performed the intelligibility test for spoken syllables and carrier phrases by dysarthric speakers. The results show that there is a significant differences in both F1 and F2 values among 4 corner vowels. Vowel space area in the data of mildly impaired speakers was significantly higher than two others. In the scores of speech intelligibility judged by inexperienced listeners, the scores by a moderately impaired speaker were more higher than two other speakers. The discrepancy between perceptual judgement by inexperienced listeners and vowel space area will be discussed in this area.

• 음성과학
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• 제6권
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• pp.163-179
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• 1999

For the set up, management and repair of a mobile communication system, continuous estimation of speech quality is required. Speech quality measurement can be conducted by listener's judgement in a subjective test such as MOS (Mean Opinion Score) test. However, this method is laborious, expensive and time-consuming, it is advisable to predict subjective speech quality via objective measures. This paper presents a robust objective speech quality measure, PLP-CMS (Perceptual Linear Predictive-Cepstral Mean Subtraction), which can predict subjective speech quality in mobile communication systems. PLP-CMS has a high correlation with subjective quality owing to PLP (Perceptual Linear Predictive) analysis and shows a robust performance not being influenced by PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) channel effects due to CMS (Cepstral Mean Subtraction). To prove the performance of our proposed algorithm, we carried out subjective and objective quality estimation on speech samples which are variously distorted in a real mobile communication system. As a result, we demonstrated that PLP-CMS has a higher correlation with subjective quality than PSQM (Perceptual Speech Quality Measure) and PLP-CD (Perceptual Linear Predictive-Cepstral Distance).

• 음성과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2000

The present study was performed to find efficient and useful length of voice sample for MDVP analysis, by investigating the correlation between perceptual GRBAS scales and objective MDVP measurements, with the five different lengths of voices of 20 patients with vocal polyp: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 seconds. The results are following: (1) 1.5-second sample of MDVP showed the highest correlation between the perceptual judgement and objective measurement, and 1.0-second sample showed the lowest. The difference between the two samples was found in the number of the statistically significant correlated pairs of MDVP parameter-GRBAS scale. (2) The two extreme edges of the lengths, 0.5-second and 2.5 second showed no statistically significant difference.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Thyroidectomy patients may have vocal paralysis or paresis, resulting in a breathy voice. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a breathy voice in thyroidectomy patients. Thirty-five subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n = 21) and non-breathy voice group (n = 14). Aerodynamic analysis was conducted by three tasks (Voicing Efficiency, Maximum Sustained Phonation, Vital Capacity) and acoustic analysis was measured during Maximum Sustained Phonation task. The breathy voice group had significantly higher subglottal pressure and more pathological voice characteristics than the non breathy voice group. Showing 94.1% classification accuracy in result logistic regression of aerodynamic analysis, the predictor parameters for breathiness were maximum sound pressure level, sound pressure level range, phonation time of Maximum Sustained Phonation task and Pitch range, peak air pressure, and mean peak air pressure of Voicing Efficiency task. Classification accuracy of acoustic logistic regression was 88.6%, and five frequency perturbation parameters were shown as predictors. Vocal paralysis creates air turbulence at the glottis. It fluctuates frequency-related parameters and increases aspiration in high frequency areas. These changes determine perceptual breathiness.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

In situations of spatio-temporal perception about visuo-auditory stimulus, researches propose optimal integration hypothesis that perceptual process is optimized to the interaction of the senses for the precision of perception. So, when the visual information considered generally dominant over any other sense is ambiguous, the information of the other sense like auditory stimulus influences the perceptual process in interaction with visual information. Thus, we performed two different experiments to certain the conditions of the interacting senses and influence of the condition. We consider the interaction of the visuo-auditory stimulation in the free space, the color of visual stimulus and sex difference of testee with normal people. In first experiment, 12 participants were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation in the free space. When auditory temporal cues were presented, the change in the frequency of the visual stimulation was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of the auditory stimulation as the results of the previous studies using headphone. In second experiment, 30 male and 30 female were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a color of visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation. In the color condition using red and green. Both male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency. male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency however, in case of female, the standard deviation is larger than that of male. This results implies that audio-visual asymmetry effects are influenced by the cues of visual and auditory information, such as the orientation between auditory and visual stimulus, the color of visual stimulus.