• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2016

Purpose: This research aimed to provide baseline data for undergraduate safety education by evaluating paramedic student risk perception and safety practice behavior regarding transport and disaster-related accidents. Methods: A total of 367 paramedic students at three different universities were surveyed using questionnaires. Risk perception questions about hazard, feeling of dread, and uncontrollable factors regarding seven items in transport and disasters were asked on a 7-point scale. Safety practice behavior consisted of 14 transport-related questions and 12 disaster-related questions in 4-point scale. All data were analyzed using SPSS Window 21.0. Results: Of 367 surveyed, 54.8% (201) were females, and 28.9% (106) were freshmen. In risk perception, 'drunk driving' in transport was the highest on average obtaining 6.49 points for hazard and 5.12 points for the feeling of dread. In disasters, 'war' recorded the highest average with 6.61 points for hazard and 5.71 points for the feeling of dread. In safety practice behavior regarding transport and disasters, a higher awareness of the need for safety education correlated with a significantly higher the rate of safety practice behavior (p <.001 respectively). Conclusion: The results indicate that undergraduates have inadequate perception of risk in emergencies. Safety education programs are needed to raise awareness of risks and to increase the safety practice rate.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2001

It is thought that the sanitary perception and hygienic food treatment of food suppliers as the first handlers of foodstuffs are extremely significant for the safe and sanitary management of food in group meal services. So in this study, a survey of 103 food suppliers who provide raw materials for 80 meal services in business places around Busan area was conducted on general matters, participation in sanitation education, sanitary perception, sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, knowledge of sanitation, etc. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. 42.7% of the subjects have worked for the food supply companies for one to five years and the main job of 36.9% of them is delivery service. Food suppliers who handle over two foodstuffs are 6839%. 2. Concerning the participation in sanitation education, 43.7% of the subjects have not experienced any such education, The reason of 23.3% of them for not having the education is that there have been no opportunity for them at all. And 83.5% of them regard the education on hygiene as necessary. 3. In the sanitary perception, 93.1% of the subjects considered the temperature control of the food delivery vehicles as important and 82.5% of them replied on of the leading causes of food poisoning as foodstuffs. 64.0% thought of their knowledge of food sanitation as not very good, but moderate. 4. Concerning sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, 50.5% of delivery vehicles were wearing sanitary uniforms and 24.3% of them washed their hands while supplying food. 5. In the score of hygienic knowledge, the average score of all food suppliers was 60.6 point. In the score of hygienic knowledge on general matters, managing supervisors got 6.31$\pm$1.70. In the score of hygienic knowledge based on the perception of food sanitation, the food suppliers with the experience of sanitation education scored 6.42$\pm$1.93 point and the point was significant(p<0.01), compared with that of the food suppliers without the experience of sanitation education. The food suppliers who answered their knowledge was very good scored the highest point, 8.00$\pm$1.41. The food suppliers who replied that sanitation education was truly necessary recorded the hygienic knowledge score of 6.75$\pm$1.77, significantly(p<0.01) high. In the score of hygienic knowledge on the basis of the practical degree of sanitary handling of food materials, the food suppliers who answered they cleaned their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.48$\pm$1.93, the food suppliers who answered they sterilized their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.29$\pm$1.89, the food suppliers who answered they controlled the temperature of their delivery vehicles irregularly scored 6.58$\pm$1.79 and the food suppliers who answered they washed their hands every time when they were working scored 6.86$\pm$2.24, significantly(p<0.05) high in comparison with every item in other factors. And the food suppliers who answered they were wearing sanitary uniforms irregularly while supplying foodstuffs scored the highest point, 6.66$\pm$2.92.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.233-242
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• 2015

Purpose: This was a correlational study to identify effects of perception of clinical ladder system on job satisfaction and intention to leave in perioperative nurses. Methods: Participants were 154 of perioperative nurses from larger general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from April, 16 to 22, 2013 using self-report questionnaires which included items on perception of clinical ladder system, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Data were analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression. Results: The average mean score for perception of clinical ladder system was midline at 2.69 point out of 4 point. Perception of clinical ladder system correlated positively with job satisfaction (r=.38, p<.01) and negatively with intention to leave (r=-.88, p<.01). Perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced job satisfaction explaining 17.1% of the variance, also perception of clinical ladder system was the factor which most influenced intention to leave, explaining 12.7% of the variance. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that there is a need to enhance the perception of the clinical ladder system and to find ways to fulfill the expected effects for improving perioperative nurses' job satisfaction and reducing the intention to leave.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 2018

This study examines consumers' perception of agricultural products using nuclear power plants waste heat. This study surveyed 348 consumers and found that presenting information about safety of waste heat utilization increased appropriacy of waste heat; after providing the information, the percentage of respondents in favor of using waste heat increased 27.5% point from 38.3% to 65.8%. The most important reason against using waste heat was because it threatened the safety of agricultural products, and the most important reason for its support was to reduce farm production costs. The purchase intention for agricultural products using waste heat had risen by at least 10% point after providing the information about safety of waste heat. Those means that it important provision of accurate and reliable information on the safety of waste heat to encourage the utilization of waste heat from nuclear power plants. Purchase intention for flowers using waste heat was most, followed by vegetables, fruits (including fruits and vegetables).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.37-46
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• 2003

The quantitative analysis of view tells how surroundings and sky are showed, and requires understanding of visual perception and three dimensional information of buildings. The visual perception and the existing projection methods for view analysis are examined. The results of this study are as follows: The visual perception on the size is determined by the visual angle, which can be described as a solid angle. The analysis of view by planar projection can be narrow-sighted according to the size of the window and the location of the viewpoint, which will cause the obstacles in the normal direction of the window interfere the view. For the analysis of view by fisheye projection, the area around the focus point is calculated wider than other areas, and so the view ratio depends on the position of the focus point. When analyzing sky view by dividing the sky vault into the differential area, the distortion by projection can be minimized.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.430-440
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the perception on nutrition labeling of the processed foods among elementary school teachers in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2008 by questionnaires and data which were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows. Ninety five point seven percent of the male teachers and 98.2% of the female teachers recognized the nutrition labeling (NL). The necessity of a NL system and comprehension of NL were higher in the female group than the male group. NL was trusted by 22.9% of male teachers and 19.7% of female teachers. The main reason for checking NL of the teachers was for food safety. For the most important NL items at purchasing the food, the teachers replied 'trans fatty acid' and 'cholesterol'. Five point seven percent of male teachers and 17.0% of female teachers were educated for NL. Seventy two point nine percent of males and 91.0% of females recognized the necessity of NL teaching. It is necessary to prepare education programs for both teachers and students about accurate recognition of NL. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 430${\sim}$440, 2009)

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2013

Since American Airlines's mileage program emerged in market, loyalty programs have gained popularity. Many companies have generated many kinds of reward cards in order to induce precious consumers. As a result, reward cards are very important in consumer goods market and become diversified. In spite of its importance, little is known about how these cards influence consumer's perception. The prior research has not focused on reward card types and psychological variables. Accordingly this research intends to investigate psychological variables such as transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. According to the theory of regulatory focus, promotion focus consumers would point to gain-nongain frame work, but prevention focus consumers would point to loss-nonloss frame work. The paper proved the effect of reward card types and regulatory focus on transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. Based on the results from 2(type of card : visible vs invisible) ${\times}$ 2(regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention) between-subjects factorial design experiments, we found that consumer's transaction coupling and sunk cost perception of visible reward card are better recognized than invisible reward card. In addition, the results show that there is a significant interaction effect between the type of reward card and regulatory focus. Specifically promotion focused consumers tend to reveal better perception than prevention focused consumers in use of invisible cards. However, prevention focused consumers tend to show better perception than promotion focused consumers in use of visible cards. These findings will contribute to significant academic development and practically useful help to marketing managers.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.175-187
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• 1999

To investigate the risk perception of environmental issues, two consequtive surveys were conducted to environmental professionals using a standardized questionnaire from September to October in 1999. The number of subjects were 72 for the first survey and 68 for the second one. The questionnaire was consisted of items such as the degree of environmental pollution in Korea, risk perception of some issues on human health and ecosystem, and seriousness of the problems in the real situation in Korea. For the degree of environmental pollution in Korea, the average risk rating in the second test (7.4 point) was significantly higher than that in the first test (7.2 point). The risk perception on the general human health and ecosystem, and the seriousness in Korea situation were analyzed in the order of ′air pollution′, ′water pollution′,′soil contamination′,′waste′,′toxic chemical pollutants′,′food contamination′,′ocean contamination′, ′odor pollution′, and ′noise pollution′. Also ′toxic chemical pollutants′ problem was perceived to be the highest risk on general human health or ecosystem, and on present situation in Korea. ′Automotive vehicle exhaust′ problem was perceived to be the most severe environmental problems among specific 30 items. ′Industrial source air pollution′,′toxic air pollutants′, and ′domestic and industrial source pollutants to surface water′ were relatively severe environmental problems comparing to other problems. The pollution issues were classified into four categories by two aspects of perception; risk in general setting and seriousness in Korea situation. If the issues were highly serious in Korea and low risk perception in general setting then it is named "the Korea-specific group". Those that were all high score in two aspects, named "the Common group". Those that were all low in two aspects, named "the Nonsignificant group". And the issues were high risk perception in general setting and low seriousness in Korean situation, named "the Latent group".

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to investigate into the relationship between mother's stress in postpartum period and perception of infant in order to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention program. Methods: The data were collected from September 1, 2004 to October 15, from one women's hospital and three facilities for taking care of women's health after delivery located in B metropolitan city, and analyzed by SPSS/12.0 program frequency, percentage rate, mean, standard deviation, average, the maximum value, the minimum value and Person's correlation coefficient. Results: 1. The degree of stress of subjects was $75.6{\pm}38.3$(0-376) in average, and $.8{\pm}\;.4$(0-4) of average point, and the degree of perception of infant was $-5.8{\pm}5.6$(15-75) in average and $-\;.4{\pm}.4$(1-5) of average point. The relationship of degrees between the stress of subject and conception of infants that showed weak reverse relation(r= .210, p= .030). That is, the more the stress of subject was high, the more the perception of infant is relatively indefinite. Conclusion: As a result, The stress of mother in postpartum period was a level to be in need of management and the perception of infant was slightly negative. thus, the introduction of nursing assistance program is necessary to relive the stress of mother in postpartum period to promote the affirmative perception of infant.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and usage of Bizi through a survey. The subjects of this study consisted of 49.5％ males and 50.5％ females in the Daegu area. The main results are as follows : about 85％ of the participants preferred Bizi owing to good taste but others didn't like it owing to bad taste. The older generation have liked and eaten it rather than the young. Responses to the 13 questions about Bizi were measured on a 5 point Kikert scale. The item 'Bizi is traditional food' was received the highest point but 'Bizi is delicious' earned the lowest. Furthermore, there were certain significant differences according to the age of the consumer. Dishes using Bizi as the main ingredient were listed according to perception as follows: Bizi-Chigae, Bizi-Bindaeduck, Bizi-Jun, and so on. About one half of the subjects knew how to make Bizi and 40.4％ of them inherited the recipes from their mothers. Prospects for Bizi consumption showed differences according to the type of generation. About 50.0％ said the plan should be 'suggested cooking methods' and 'made of good quality domestic soybean' for the purpose of better improvement and extention of consumption.