• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.807-824
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• 1995

This study was intended to provide women who are experiencing menopause with effective nursing care by exploring the menopause experience. The purpose of the research was to understand the subjective feelings of women about the question of what the menopause experience is. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through in -depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 21 women as subjects for the research. The 21 women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. As a result, there were four categories(self-com-passion type, self-regulation type, self-perception type, self-abandonment type) of special opinion about the menopause experience in these women. The first type was called Self-compassion This type' was associated with varying degrees of emotonal instability(psychological withdrawal). And type in menopause signifies loss of a socially valued status and may result in depressive symptoms. This type expresses the menopause experience as associated with negative reaction. The second type is called Self-regulation. This type overcomes the menopause experience more actively than the other types and do not express the menopause experience as one of suffering. This type make efforts by themselves to regulate the mono-pause experience. The third type is called Self-perception. This type perceives the experience of menopause which as typical menopausal syndrome (hot flashes and decreased vaginal lubrication, decreased estrogen producing atrophic changes of the labia and vaginal mucosa, making intercourse uncomfortable). The fourth type is called Self- abandonment. This type denies the experience of menopause. The meaning of menopausal experience is significantly related with a life accident or life load. Also, This type experiences pain in the musculoskeletal system. As a result, The meaning of the menopausal experience is affected by perceived subjective experience of the nurses, the need to understand each persons meaning of the menopause experience and to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the typology of menopause experience. Finally. The result of the study will provide basic data for nursing intervention the menopausal women.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.120-123
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• 1996

Regarding menopause as a turning point in woman's lift, the author reviewed the psychosocial aspects of menopause. Seeing menstruation as the symbolic meaning of female sexuality, psychoanalysts argue that menopause, the loss of symbolic meaning of female sexuality, may bring a mourning reaction to woman. It is reported that the high ratio of depression does not have a serious relationship with the menopause syndrome, and that depression cannot be viewed as a different symptoms. It is also proved that most women successfully recover themselves from temporary menopause symptom. Research data shows that some women have a negative thought on the meaning of menopause. Others, however, have a positive concept on the meaning of menopause because of the feeling of release and freedom. In sum, the author suggests that psychosocial consideration is very important as much as bilogical consideration in considering the meaning of menopausal syndrome.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2008

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to explore the process of menopause experiences in middle-aged women. Method: The grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin was the basis for this study. The participants were 15 middle-aged women selected by theoretical sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interviews using audiotape recording analyzed simultaneously by the constant comparative method described in Strauss and Corbin's methodology. Results: Experiencerelated to menopause in middle-aged women is caused by cognition of the aging process, difficult problems in family that occur with limitation of social activity, and perception of changingseasons. The central incident of menopause in middle-aged women was loss of the woman's identity. Intervening conditions, which are action/interactional strategies for menopause, are related to social support. Action/interactional strategies related to menopause management included medical treatment, mind control, and participation in social activity. Experiencerelated to menopause in middle-aged women resulted in comfort or discomfot of physical and emotional condition. Conclusion: The findings of this study may contribute to the development health promotion strategy for middle-aged women. There is need to develop family support systems and preventive nursing interventions to avoid negative coping strategy.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 중년 남성이 경험한 갱년기의 의미를 파악하고 그들이 인식하는 갱년기의 어떠한지 본질을 이해하고 탐색하고자 하는 것이다. 자료조사는 질적 연구방법 중 현상학적 방법을 이용하였으며 40대와 50대의 남성을 대상으로 하여 수집한 자료로서 Colaizzi의 분석방법을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 중년 남성이 경험한 갱년기는 신체적 변화, 심리적 변화, 업무 수행 능력의 변화, 긍정적 변화, 갱년기 인식의 계기, 갱년기를 극복함의 6개의 범주와 19개의 주제모음, 44개의 주제로 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과들은 향후 융합적 관점에서 간호중재 프로그램의 개발과 적용의 기초자료 활용이 기대된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2009

Purpose: The study was to identify influencing factors on fear of falling in postmenopausal women. Methods: With a correlational survey design, 125 postmenopausal women were recruited at the D metropolitan city by a convenience sampling. Fracture risk status was assessed by bone mineral densities (BMD) at lumbar and femur with DEXA method. A structured study questionnaire was used to measure demographic variables, osteoporosis self-efficacy, and fear of falling. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 59 years old and duration since menopause was 9.55 years. Twenty six percent of the subjects belonged to osteoporotic group in fracture risk status. Mean score for fear of falling was 16.10 (SD=5.18) indicating low level, and osteoporosis self-efficacy for exercise and diet was 44.76 (SD=7.41), indicating mid-range level. Factors influencing the fear of falling was longer time since menopause ($\beta=.30$), lower score of osteoporosis self-efficacy for exercise ($\beta=-.26$), poor health perception status ($\beta=-.16$), and presence of chronic disease ($\beta=.16$), and the explained variance was 20%. Conclusion: Although the level of fear of falling was yet low in postmenopausal women, women who had lower self-efficacy of osteoporosis for exercise and poorer health perception felt greater fear of falling. Therefore, an educational program specific to improve osteoporosis self-efficacy and reduce the fear of falling is needed for improving postmenopausal women's psychosocial well-being.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of health perception, body image and sexual function on depression according to the menopausal stage in Korean middle aged women. Methods: Subjects were 182 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy. A five-item General HealthShort Form (SF-36) Health Survey Questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) was used to measure health perception. Body image was measured Semantic Differential scale, CES-D was used to measure the level of depression, and sexual function was measured by FSFI. Results: The subjects rated their health as 'moderate', their body image as 'moderate, and level of depression as 'high'. However, there were no significant differences in health perception, body image, and depression between perimenopasual and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women experienced lower levels of sexual function than perimenopausal women in sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. In stepwise regression analysis, 21.7% of variance in depression was shown to be perceived health and body image in postmenopausal women. However, in perimenopausal women, perceived health and sexual function explained 34.5% of variance in depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that nurses must consider the menopasusal stage when counseling their patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1990

This study was carried out to explore the illness-related activities of the menopaused women. To achieve such a purpose, sixty-six cases of the middle aged women were sampled the naturally and the artificially menopaused group respectively from 1st, Aug. to 31th, Aug. in 1988. For the collection of data, 1, 140 women aged between 45-54 were selected through stratified sampling techniques in urban and rural area. Among them the final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced menopause naturally or artificially. And then, after control for age and education analysis was performed. The data was analysed by use of frequency, percentage, $X^2-test,$ t-test, Pearson correlation coefficiency and stop-wise multiple regression. The obtained results were as follows. I. As for the se1f-perception on menopausal symptoms, it was revealed than Korean women, neithe in naturally and artificially, accepted the change of menstruation itself as serious. This shows us that middle-aged women had positively receptive attitudes that the change of menstruation is follwed by amenorrhea. 2. The artificially menopaused group scored more than the naturally one: (I) on the self-control activities such as self-assessment, lay-consultation, fever check, pulse check and observation of vagina discharge, (2) on the self-decision activities such as hospital and pharmacy utilization, (3) on the self maintenance activities such as walking, aerobic, weight check, skin care, skin protect, calori control diet control, milk intake, vegetable intake, cold water drinking before meal, parasol use and BP check The above results lead us that the self care practices of the menopaused women revealed' coping wit I menopausal symptoms at the first level in community and must be developed by the adequate nursin intervention.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2003

Purpose: To identify factors influencing women's intention to take hormone replacement therapy(HRT). Method: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. A total of 116 married women aged 40 to 60 were recruited from women's groups in communities. They completed a structured questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Menopausal Symptom Checklist, Health Belief of Korean Adult, Sexrole Idea of Kim, Dong-il, chronic illnesses, and a single item measuring marital satisfaction. Result: Thirteen percents of the women were currently taking HRT and 28.4% had intention to take HRT. Education, sense of coherence, and sex role attitude were related to women's susceptibility to menopause. Hysterectomy status and the level of sense of coherence explained women's perception of seriousness regarding menopause. In addition, chronic health conditions accounted for the variances of benefits and barriers to HRT. Factors influencing women's intention to take HRT were education, menopausal symptoms, and perceived benefits of HRT. Conclusion: Women's chronic health conditions, psychosocial characteristics as well as menopausal discomforts were associated with women's choice regarding HRT. Other factors related to decision making process of women's health seeking behaviors need to be explored.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This study is intended to provide information to menopausal women so they can control their symptoms. The basic data was gathered by interviewed 200 postmenopausal women on a HRT program. The women were questioned about their perception of menopause and compliance to the therapy with the fellowing result $71.7\%$ of the women experianced hot flushes, and $64.1\%$ experienced short term memory loss and some psychological symptoms. The women reported that these symptoms reduced their quality of life. $53\%$ of the women responded that menopause is a natural state and $59.1\%$ agreed to HRT based on their doctor's recommendation. $76.2\%$ of the women reported that HRT was effective, with $74.7\%$ reporting reduced hot flush symptoms $67.3\%$ of the women reported compliance with the medication schedule. and $43.9\%$ reported periodic non-compliance. Although HRT has been shown to be an effective treatment, the study found that less than $10\%$ of postmenopausal women are currently being treated and these treated women are generally negligent in continuing with HRT, The study recommends that a program be developed that explains the benefits and risks of HRT to be distributed to patients being treated by doctors and pharmacists. In conclusions, It is very important for hormone replacement therapy on menopausal women to take more intensive medication consultation to increase medication compliance and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2017

본 연구는 서울 및 경기도에 거주하는 40~50대 중년기 여성 230명을 대상으로 건강상태, 생활습관, 심리적 상태에 따른 노화인식을 조사하여 중년기에 급격하게 진행되는 노화를 예방하고 신체적, 정신적으로 건강한 노후를 맞이할 수 있는 미용적 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 자료수집은 2015년 7월 25일부터 2015년 9월1일까지 진행하였으며, 빈도분석, 독립표본 t-test, ANOVA 및 Duncan test로 분석하였다. 연령이 높을수록 폐경비율이 높았고, 음주, 운동량, 수면시간이 줄어든 반면 스트레스와 심리적 압박감은 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 폐경여부에 따라 안면노화의 상태는 유의미한 차이를 보였고(${\chi}^2=39.692^{***}$, p<.001), 여가(취미)활동의 여부에 따라서도 차이를 나타냈다(${\chi}^2=22.470^{***}$, p<.01). 또, 노화의 진행정도, 노화에 대한 불안감, 개선을 위한 노력 등의 항목에서 연령이 높을수록, 폐경에 가까울수록 부정적인 인식을 보여 50세 전후의 노화와 폐경은 매우 자연스러운 현상이지만 제2의 사춘기와도 같은 이 시기를 겪는 40~50대 중년기 여성들을 위한 미용적 대안이 마련된다면 성공적 노후를 맞이하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.