• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2007

A study has been conducted to investigate the subjective responses of loudness and annoyance according to the exposed time of urban traffic noise in controlled laboratory environment. To make a closer inspection into psychological response relevant to noise characteristics while varying the time of exposure to noise, the subjects were presented a set of noises with different exposed time and requested to judge spontaneously on a 100-unipolar scale. To be concrete, the subjects were exposed to noises being varied in time from 15 sec up to max. 1,200 sec for the controlled traffic noise sources. So far achieved from laborious tests, it has an importance being on the logarithmic relations of perceived loudness and exposed time, say, it is more increased the perceived loudness in the sorter exposed time than in the longer exposed time. However, the trend is said to be not effective for the case of annoyance. On the other hand, the subjective impressions on relative annoyance of noise is shown to be correlated with the noise characteristics such as loudness (sones), tonality and time with logarithmic scale, the product correlation moment being calculated as $R^{2}=0.99$. The variances to be explained for annoyance assessments through varying the time of exposure were ranged between 30 % and 50% for the exposed time, $27{\sim}37%$ for tonality, and $34{\sim}20%$ for loudness, respectively With these results, hopefully, it can be helpful for those who want to work out an experimental design for evaluating an environmental noise or to quantify any psychological dimensions found in annoyance assessments.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2002

This paper is to provide the basic way of a acoustical evaluation and efficient control noise by investigating the limits of perceptual loudness of living environment and by finding out any correlation between Physical characteristics of noise and psychoacoustic parameters. The limits of perceptual loudness were selected by the subjects in a chamber for residential and working environment. And the noise sources were analyzed to find out whether there is any correlation with Zwicker parameters and ACF factors. In this study especially, to set up the domestic evaluation grade about floor impact noise. we'd like to suggest the loudness Perception research result as fundamental resource for setting up the evaluation grade through the result that is based on annoyance. In the result of this research, upper limit of heavy-weight impact noise was L-60, and lower limit of it was L-50. On the other hand, upper limit of light-weight impact noise was L-70, and lower limit of it was L-55. It seemed that the loudness of noise from vacuum cleaner noise does not affect its perceived noisiness. Noises implicated In human such as floor walking noise and talking sound, are the most irritating noise in office environment.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
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• pp.945-950
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• 2001

Floor impact noise has been evaluated by investigating the temporal and spectral characteristics of the noise. The noises generated by different impactors were analyzed to find out whether there is any correlation with the factors of ACF /IACF (Autocorrelation Function/Inter-aural Cross-correlation Function) [1] and Zwicker parameters [2]. Experiments were undertaken to compare the objective and subjective parameters of the floor impact noises generated by a bang/tapping machine, a rubber ball [3], and a walker. As a result, it was found that $\phi$ (0) and IACC extracted from ACF/IACF, and Loudness, Unbiased Annoyance from Zwicker parameters showed high correlation with subjective evaluations of loudness concerning floor impact noises. In addition, it was revealed that jumping is similar to the ball.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Purpose: Thermal sensation or thermal comfort was randomly used in many studies which focused on combined effects of thermal and acoustic environments on human perception. However, thermal sensation and thermal comfort are not synonyms. Thermal comfort is more complex human perception on thermal environment than thermal sensation. This study aims to investigate effects of noise on thermal sensation and thermal comfort separately, and also to investigate effects of temperature on acoustic sensation and comfort. Method: Combined thermal and acoustic configurations were simulated in an indoor environmental chamber. Twenty four participants were exposed to two types of noise (fan and babble) with two noise levels (45 dBA and 60 dBA) for an hour in each thermal condition of PMV-1.53, 0.03, 1.53, 1.83, respectively. Temperature sensation, temperature preference, thermal comfort, noisiness, loudness, annoyance, acoustic comfort, indoor environmental comfort were evaluated in each combined environmental condition. Result: Noise did not affected thermal sensation, but thermal comfort significantly. Temperature had an effect on acoustic comfort significantly, but no effect on noisiness and loudness in overall data analysis. More explicit interactions between thermal condition and noise perception showed only with the noise level of 60 dBA. Impacts of both thermal comfort and acoustic comfort on the indoor environmental comfort were analyzed. In adverse thermal environments, thermal comfort had more impact than acoustic comfort on indoor environmental comfort, and in neutral thermal environments, acoustic comfort had more important than thermal comfort.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 심리음향 (psychoacoustics)을 이용한 다채널 동적 음향 압축 알고리즘을 통해 감음신경성 난청 (sensorinural hearing loss)을 보정하여 정상적인 지각 환경을 제공하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 라우드니스 조정 함수 (loudness scaling function)를 통해 난청자에게 적합한 라우드니스 레벨을 보상 시켜 주고, 난청자가 인식하게 되는 신호에 대한 마스킹 특성을 해석하여, 지각 영역 (perceptual domain)에서 각각의 주파수 성분에 대한 음압 레벨과 마스킹 임계치 (masking threshold) 사이의 거리로 정의되어지는 SMR(signal-to-masking ratio)을 통해 주파수 대비 (spectral contrast)를 복원 시켜 줌으로써 정상적인 지각 환경을 제공하는 것이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2007

This study aims at identifying the effect of preferred visual and auditory stimuli on the road traffic noise perception through the series of psychoacoustic experiments. The first experiment was designed to find the addition effect of a sound reproducing system in a square where lay adjacent to roads with road traffic noise, provide appropriate music corresponding to the varying conditions of weather in the given space. In result, it was found that the rating around the square improved toward more positive adjectives. The second experiment was designed to assess the visual effect of twelve roadsides with different landscapes on the road traffic noise perception. As a result, approx. 3 to 5 dB(A) of psychological reduction was seen in places where natural landscape was preferred, compared to the others, although the noise levels were similar. The third experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual screen from adjacent roads on road traffic noise perception by means of ME method in a laboratory. In result, the effect of psychological reduction was observed at 65dB(A) or lower. Especially, complete screening from adjacent roads led to 5 to 10% of loudness reduction effect, compared to non-screening cases. Finally, the fourth experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of visual and auditory information with ME method and 7-point SD rating scale in a laboratory. In result, up to 10% of loudness reduction and about 2dB(A) of noise perceptional reduction were seen at 65dB(A) or lower.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2003

The influence of the visual information on the sound perception would be considerable. Furthermore, if the sound perception ranges in noisiness or annoyance beyond the loudness, it will depend much more on the shape of the visual information. This paper aims to estimate the influence of the several kinds of visual information on the perception of road traffic noise by means of the psycho-acoustic test method. The findings of present study on the influence of visual information on subjective noise perception are summarized as follows: Presenting visual images of mild and comfortable scenery reduced the noise perception reaction at the less noisy environments not exceeding 65 dB(A). At highly noisy environments exceeding 65 dB(A), however, the noise perception can be reduced by strong image of waterfall. Even eliminating the road traffic image may be helpful. Visual image of waterfall reduced the noise perception at all levels. It is inferred that the road traffic noise perception can be effectively ameliorated by presenting strong and real landscape images at any noisy environment.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

음악 학습효과 및 감상능력을 높일 수 있는 효과적인 음악교육용 리듬게임 제작 방안을 제시하기 위해 음악게임을 제작한 후 초등학생 107명을 대상으로 실험 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 음고(pitch), 음가(duration), 음량(loudness) 지각을 바탕으로 한 반복적인 멜로디 패턴의 노트설계를 통해 음악에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있었으며, 시각, 청각, 촉각의 공감각적 이해를 통해 음악 감상교육의 효과 및 학생들의 몰입도를 높일 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

In this study, the influences of environmentally friendly visual and auditory information on traffic noise perception were surveyed by the using electroencephalogram Green rural region image and CBD image in urban city were used as visual informations. And traffic noise, signal and environmental music were used to detect the impact on electroencephalogram variance. It was revealed that green rural region image caused a-wave ratio increase about 10% and environmental music increased $\alpha$-wave ratio approximately $40{\sim}50%$. The results of this study improved that environmentally friendly visual and auditory information had an effect on decreasing traffic noise loudness to some extents.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2007

In this study, the influences of environmentally friendly visual and auditory information on traffic noise perception were surveyed by the using electroencephalogram. Green rural region image and CBD (central business district) image in urban city were used as visual informations. And traffic noise, signal and environmental music were used to detect the impact on electroencephalogram variance. It was revealed that green rural region image caused ${\alpha}-wave$ ratio increase about 10% and environmental music increased ${\alpha}-wave$ ratio approximately $40{\sim}50%$. The results of this study improved that environmentally friendly visual and auditory information had an effect on decreasing traffic noise loudness to some extents.